Monoicomyces homalotae Thaxt.
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2021.781.1583 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5831983 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3878A-B604-FEBD-6707-7BEDDFF8FEEB |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Monoicomyces homalotae Thaxt. |
status |
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Monoicomyces homalotae Thaxt. View in CoL
MB#181116
Figs 83B View Fig , 86 View Fig
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 35: 412 ( Thaxter 1900). –
Type: “ On Homalota putrescens Woll. , British Museum, No. 412, Azores ”; FH.
Monoicomyces ternatus Speg. ( Spegazzini 1915b: 67) View in CoL [MB#191957]
Monoicomyces unilateralis Speg. ( Spegazzini 1915b: 68) View in CoL [MB#192287]
Diagnostic features
Cell I ± globose, often heart-shaped ( Fig. 86A–B View Fig ). Primary appendage variably branched. Cell III barrel-shaped, longer than broad, usually broadened distally, with a darkened outer margin. Usually four secondary appendages for each antheridium. Each antheridium with eight phialides. [Detailed descriptions: Thaxter 1908; Majewski 1988, 1994b; Santamaria 1989]
Distribution and hosts
Reported on many genera and species of Aleocharinae (Col. Staphylinidae ), mostly Atheta , but also on others like Evanystes , Geostiba , Ischnopoda , etc. ( Majewski 2008). Its geographical distribution is difficult to delimit because of confusion with similar species, in particular M. britannicus . It has been recorded from Europe: Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain; Africa: Algeria; America: Argentina, USA; Asia: Japan; and Azores ( Santamaria et al. 1991). Reported subsequently from Zaire ( Rossi & Santamaria 1992), Poland ( Majewski 1994a), United Kingdom (Weir 1996; record on Drusilla may be M. drusillae ), Greece ( Castaldo et al. 2004), Norway ( Majewski 2008), Slovakia, Czech Republic ( Rossi et al. 2010), Sweden ( Huggert 2010), Belgium ( De Kesel 2010), Turkey ( Rossi 2016), China, Armenia, and Bulgaria ( Rossi et al. 2019a).
Collections examined from Denmark
On Aloconota gregaria (Erichson, 1839) (Col. Staphylinidae Aleocharinae ) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Asserbo Plantage ; 56°1.984′ N, 12°0.817′ E; UC11; 28 Apr. 2019; JP 1455; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124006 GoogleMaps . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Tryggevaelde Å ved Varpelev ; 55°21.055′ N, 12°15.877′ E; UB23; 6 Jan. 2018; JP 1593; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124354 GoogleMaps .
On Atheta castanoptera (Mannerheim, 1830) (Col. Staphylinidae Aleocharinae ) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Naerum ; 55°49.077′ N, 12°32.686′ E; UB48; 1 Dec. 2019; JP 1565; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124325 GoogleMaps .
On Atheta graminicola (Gravenhorst, 1806) (Col. Staphylinidae Aleocharinae ) DENMARK – Østjylland (EJ) • Klostermølle ; 56°2.432′ N, 9°41.629′ E; NH41; 14 Feb. 2019; JP 1348; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123887 GoogleMaps • Tange å vest for Kjellerup ; 56°17.959′ N, 9°23.462′ E; NH23; 17 Feb. 2018; JP 985; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123492 GoogleMaps • Vest for Ørnsø ved Silkeborg ; 56°9.126′ N, 9°30.588′ E; NH32; 10 Nov. 2018; JP 1230; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123757 GoogleMaps • Viemose ved Ringkloster ; 56°0.632′ N, 9°57.400′ E; NH50; 12 Mar. 2017; JP 536; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123020 GoogleMaps . – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Vest for Bandholm ; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1339; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123878 GoogleMaps . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Indelukket ved Frederiksborg Slot ; 55°56.191′ N, 12°17.861′ E; UC30; 19 Mar. 2017; JP 677; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123166 GoogleMaps • Kongelunden ; 55°34.369′ N, 12°34.189′ E; UB46; 26 Sep. 2013; H. Liljehult 208; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122687 GoogleMaps . – Nordvestjylland (NWJ) • Nord for Landting ved Vinderup ; 56°30.049′ N, 8°45.384′ E; MH86; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 560; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123046 GoogleMaps • Vest for Vinderup ; 56°28.727′ N, 8°44.810′ E; MH85; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 767; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123261 GoogleMaps . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Bognaes Skov på Tuse Naes ; 55°44.966′ N, 11°45.817′ E; PG78; 10 Dec. 2013; JP 892; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123390 GoogleMaps • Nordøstbredden af Tissø ; 55°35.612′ N, 11°18.461′ E; PG46; 1 May 2013; JP 761; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123255 GoogleMaps • Vesterlyng ; 55°44.195′ N, 11°17.276′ E; PG47; 9 Feb. 2014; JP 635; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123124 GoogleMaps . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Even Bro ; 55°8.694′ N, 12°0.601′ E; UB11; 17 Feb. 2019; JP 1362; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123900 GoogleMaps • Holtug Kalkbrud ; 55°20.470′ N, 12°26.678′ E; UB33; 21 Sep. 2013; JP 351; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122833 GoogleMaps • Tryggevaelde Å ved Varpelev ; 55°21.055′ N, 12°15.877′ E; UB23; 5 Jan. 2013; H. Liljehult 209; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122688 GoogleMaps . – Vestjylland (WJ) • Velling ; 56°3.078′ N, 8°18.596′ E; MH51; 16 Dec. 2018; JP 1264; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123792 GoogleMaps .
On Atheta melanocera (Thomson, 1856) (Col. Staphylinidae Aleocharinae ) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Amager Faelled ; 55°39.168′ N, 12°34.750′ E; UB47; 14 Apr. 2001; H. Liljehult 388; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122871 GoogleMaps .
On Atheta triangulum (Kraatz, 1856) (Col. Staphylinidae Aleocharinae ) DENMARK – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Vest for Bandholm ; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1340; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123879 GoogleMaps .
On Atheta pallidicornis (Thomson, 1856) (Col. Staphylinidae Aleocharinae ) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Åsen ved Lellinge ; 55°27.948′ N, 12°8.785′ E; UB15; 26 Jun. 2019; JP 1485; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124070 GoogleMaps .
On Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst, 1806) (Col. Staphylinidae Aleocharinae ) DENMARK – Vestjylland (WJ) • Velling ; 56°3.078′ N, 8°18.596′ E; MH51; 16 Dec. 2018; JP 1265; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123793 GoogleMaps .
On Schistoglossa aubei (Brisout de Barneville, 1860) (Col. Staphylinidae Aleocharinae ) DENMARK – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Denderup Sø i Denderup Vaenge ; 55°15.075′ N, 11°57.366′ E; PG82; 5 May 2016; JP 497; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122981 GoogleMaps .
Remarks
First record from Denmark. Efforts to distinguish M. homalotae and M. britannicus begun soon after their original descriptions. Thaxter (1908) thought that the receptacle of both species was two-celled. He described M. homalotae with “the basal cell of the primary appendage” ± deeply suffused including blackish brown.After examination of many thalli we believe what Thaxter called the basal cell of primary appendage corresponds to cell III.
The compound antheridium of M. homalotae seems to have been misunderstood by Thaxter (1908) and therefore his drawings are imprecise. Thaxter failed also regarding the number of phialides formed by the two middle tiers (2 nd and 3 rd) of the antheridium. Although not described, his drawings show four phialides. Nowadays, the correct observation of this part of the thallus requires a high-quality microscope with high magnification, preferable with DIC optics, because the planes of focus are very close and difficult to discern. Upper ( Fig. 86C View Fig ) and lower focus ( Fig. 86E View Fig ) of the antheridium consists of several cells which seem to serve as wall cells for sealing the central cavity where phialides eject their spermatia. The middle focus shows the area with phialides and the cavity with spermatia ( Fig. 86D View Fig ). We think the number of phialides is very important for distinguishing M. homalotae from other very similar species, with eight (two for each cell in 2 nd and 3 rd tiers) in M. homalotae ( Fig. 86D View Fig ), whereas the phialides are four (one for each cell) in other species, as the related but distinct M. britannicus .
Thaxter (1908) increased the confusion by including under M. homalotae thalli with constricted and darkened perithecial stalk cells; this seems inappropriate, and probably some of these forms belong to species described here, such as M. brachiatus sp. nov. and M. validus sp. nov. In 1989, 17 slides of M. homalotae were borrowed from FH (labelled with references FH2402 to 2418) by SS (see M. britannicus ). In Fig. 83B View Fig the only thallus included in the type slide (FH2402) is reproduced with an old photograph taken at that time. The material was in very poor condition but it is easy to deduce that this is the thallus which appears in Thaxter (1908: fig. 8).
The perithecial basal cells (m, n, n’) and the secondary stalk cell (VII) are provided with darker and prominent spots (“stigmata”) of unknown function and origin ( Fig. 86I–J View Fig ), which are also present on other species, such as M. drusillae ( Santamaria et al. 2020a) .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Monoicomycetoideae |
Genus |
Monoicomyces homalotae Thaxt.
Santamaria, Sergi & Pedersen, Jan 2021 |
Monoicomyces ternatus Speg. ( Spegazzini 1915b: 67 )
Spegazzini C. 1915: 67 |
Monoicomyces unilateralis Speg. ( Spegazzini 1915b: 68 )
Spegazzini C. 1915: 68 |