Macrocydia divergens Brown and Baixeras, 2006

Brown, John W. & Baixeras, And Joaquin, 2006, Macrocydia divergens, a new genus and species of Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) from Central America, Zootaxa 1197, pp. 45-54 : 51-52

Macrocydia divergens Brown and Baixeras , new species

Figs. 1–6

Diagnosis. Macrocydia divergens is the only species in the genus. It can be distinguished from other Grapholitini by the characters discussed above in the diagnosis of the genus.

Description. Head: Frons, vertex, and labial palpus pale yellowish ochreous, the last with a few brown scales distally. Thorax: Dorsum concolorous with head; forewing length 10.2–10.5 mm (= 10.3; n = 5) in males, 12.5–14.8 mm (= 13.5; n = 4) in females; forewing upperside ground color pale yellowish gray with scales uniformly distributed in rows; strigulae basal to R 1 formed by dense groups of 4–5 rows of pale scales concolorous with ground; spaces between strigulae narrow, often 1–2 scales wide, dark brown, confined in length to 4–5 scales; some dark brown scales scattered over wing surface; a pair of strigulae between R 1 and R 2 fused; no distinctive strigulae distal to R 2; no basal fascia; fragments of fasciae represented by brown lines 3–6 scales wide; postbasal (= subbasal) fascia from costa represented by short fragment broken at R level; dorsal fragment of postbasal fascia meeting median fascia at space between R 2 and R 3; median fascia arising just basal to point where Sc meets costa, slightly sinuous and oblique, intersecting M 1 at junction of R 3 and costa; at latter point median fascia meeting a dorsal fragment, parallel to the dorsal postbasal fragment, at ca. 60° angle; dorsal fragment of uncertain morphological origin, but may represent dorsal fragment of median fascia; position of veins R 1 to M 1 finely marked with brown scaling; costa from intersection of R 2 to apex, termen, and tornal area to Cu 2 brown. Forewing underside similar to upperside, but with deep suffusion of brown scales. Hindwing upperside ground color pale brown; area of overlap with forewing pale silvery with a small group of brown scales at position of dorsal median fragment of forewing, suggesting a particular resting position of the wings; underside ground color pale with diffuse, short, transverse rows of brown scales. Abdomen: Concolorous with dorsum of thorax. Male genitalia ( Figs. 4, 5 ) as described above for genus. Female genitalia ( Fig. 6 ) as described above for genus.

Holotype, ♂, Costa Rica, Cachi, W. Schaus ( USNM).

Paratypes (24♂, 4♀). Costa Rica: Alajuela Province: Puesto Quebradon , 300 m, Jun 1997 (1♂), G. Rodríguez; Bijangua, Albergue Heliconias, 700 m, Feb 2000 (1♂), G. Rodríguez; Finca San Gabriel, 16 km E Quebrada Grande, 680 m, 12 Mar 1983 (1♂), D. Jansen & W. Hallwachs; Finca Campaña, 5 km NW Dos Rios, 750 m, 21 Mar 1985 (1♀), D. Jansen & W. Hallwachs . Cartago Province: Monumento Nacional Guayabo, A. C. Amistad, 1100 m, Jul 1994 (1♂), G. Fonseca; Río Grande de Orosi, desde Administración hasta Sect. La Pava , 1150–1600 m, Feb 1997 (1♀), R. Guzmán . Guanacaste Province: Estación Cacao, lado suroeste Vólcan Cacao, 1100, 8–30 Jun 1991 (2♂), C. Chaves; Estación Cacao, lado suroeste Vólcan Cacao, P.N. Guanacaste, 1000–1400 m, 21–29 May 1992 (1♂), M. A. Zumbado, 21–29 May 1992 (1♂), A. Marin, Jun 1990 (1♂), II curso parataxon.; Estación Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecelia, P.N. Guanacaste, 700 m, Mar 1991 (1♀), C. Moraga, 6–18 Aug 1993 (1♂), P. Rios, Oct 1994 (1♂), P. Rios, Oct 1994 (1♂), C. Moraga, Mar 1994 (1♂, 1♀), P. Rios, Jul 1991 (1♂), P. Rios, Mar 1991 (2♂), C. Moraga, Mar 1995 (1♂), P. Rios, Mar 1989 (1♂), GNP Biodiversity Survey, 1–15 Jul 1992 (1♂), C. Moraga. Heredia Province: 10 km SE La Virgen, 450–550 m, 19 Feb 2003 (1♂), 22 Feb 2003 (1♂), 23 Mar 2003 (1♂), INBio­OET­ALAS transect. Puntarenas Province: Estación Sirena, P.N. Corcovado, May 1991 (1♂), G. Fonseca; San Luis, Monteverde, 1000–1350 m, Mar 1994 (1♂), Z. Fuentes. Panama: Cerro Campaña, nr. Chica, 2–5 Apr 1965 (1♂), S. S. & W. D. Duckworth. Paratypes deposited in INBio, USNM, and The Natural History Museum, London.

Biology and Distribution. Nothing is known of the early stages; adults have been collected in February (n = 4), March (n = 10), April (n = 1), May (n = 3), June (n = 4), July (n = 3), August (n = 1), and October (n = 2). The species occurs primarily at middle elevations from about 300 to 1600 m. During a multi­year survey along an elevational transect (0–2000 m) near Estación Biologia La Selva, Costa Rica, M. divergens was collected (n = 3 specimens) only at the 450–550 m site. It has been recorded primarily from central and western Costa Rica (i.e., Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, and Puntarenas provinces) , with a single specimen from Panama.

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the highly divergent superficial appearance of the adult, which resembles no other member of Grapholitini, the tribe to which it is assigned provisionally.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Eugenie Phillips for allowing us to examine material in the collection of INBio. Illustrations were prepared and arranged by Marie Metz, USDA , Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washington, D.C. The following provided helpful reviews of the manuscript: Steven Lingafelter and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA , National Museum of Natural History , Washington, D.C., USA; Furumi Komai, Osaka University of Arts, Osaka, Japan; William Miller, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN , USA; and Kevin Tuck, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. Funding for field work in Costa Rica (for Brown) was provided by the NSF­funded ALAS ( Arthropods of La Selva ) project through the P.I., John Longino, Evergreen State University, Olympia, Washington. Funding for a visit to the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution (for Baixeras) was provided by Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain (No. CGL2004­05192/ BOS) .

Figures

FIGURE 6. Female genitalia of Macrocydia divergens (USNM slide 94,196).

FIGURES 1–5. Morphological features of Macrocydia divergens. 1. Adult female paratype; 2. Head; 3. Wing venation (USNM slide 84,930); 4. Male genitalia with valvae spread, aedeagus in situ (USNM slide 82,501); 5. Dorsum of tegumen of male genitalia (USNM slide 94,195).