Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He, 2024

Di, Mi, Qin, Yan-Yan, Shen, Zi-Hao, Zhang, Tao, Wang, Han-Qiang, Li, Kai & He, Zhu-Qing, 2024, Six new species of Rhaphidophora from China (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae), European Journal of Taxonomy 925 (1), pp. 76-99 : 91-96

Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A544B78A-2F25-4E2B-AFD1-9E64FDAB07B4

Figs 10–13

Chinese name

Ẏ端kõ

Diagnosis

The new species differs from species with a simple male epiproct by the unique undulated bilateral carinae at the basal part of the male epiproct, for other differences see the key to all Chinese species below.

Etymology

The new specific epithet is derived from the Latinised Greek ‘ stenos ’ and the Latin ‘ termen ’, referring to the narrowly elongated apex of the male epiproct.

Material examined

Holotype

CHINA • ♂; Guangdong Prov.; Nanling National Forest Park ; alt. 900 m; 24–30 Sep. 2019; Tao Zhang leg.; SEM CAS 14098457 .

Paratypes

CHINA • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SEM CAS 14098456 , 14098458 , 14098460 to 14098463 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ nymph; same locality as for holotype; alt. over 1000 m; 15 Sep. 2019; Tao Zhang leg.; SEM CAS 14098459 , 14098464 , 14098465 .

Description

Male

BODY SIZE. Large.

HEAD. Fastigium of vertex divided into pair of plate-like processes by longitudinal furrow ( Fig. 10C ). Eyes situated near upper part of external margin of antennal sockets ( Fig. 10A ); lateral ocelli situated at lateral base of tubercles, oval, nearly occupying two third of lateral margin of tubercles ( Fig. 10B ); median ocellus situated between antennal sockets, oval ( Fig. 10A ). Apical segment of maxillary palpus slightly longer than subapical segment, apex inflated, almost spherical ( Fig. 10H ).

THORAX. Anterior margin of pronotum straight, posterior margin of pronotum projected ( Fig. 10B ), length of lateral lobes nearly equal to width, posterior margin of ventral surface arched; posterior margin emarginate; posterior margin of mesotergum obviously projected, posterior margin of metanotum straight ( Fig. 10C ).

LEGS. Fore coxa dorsally with 1 apical spine; fore femur with 1 apical spine on internal genicular lobe; fore tibia with 2 external and 1 internal spine on ventral surface, apex with 1 pair of spines on ventral surface, dorsal surface unarmed. Anterior margin of middle coxa dorsally with 1 spinule; middle femur with 1 pair of apical spines on dorsal surface and ventral surface separately; middle tibia with 2 pairs of spines and 1 pair of apical spines on dorsal surface, ventral surfaces with 2 external spines and 1 pair of apical spines. Hind femur ventrally unarmed, inner genicular lobe with 1 spinule; hind tibia dorsally with 20–21 spinules on both sides, subapical area dorsally with 1 pair of spines, apex with 1 pair of dorsal long spines and 2 pairs of shorter spines asymmetrically, largest apical spine protruding over tip of terminal basitarsal spine ( Fig. 10G ); hind tarsus laterally compressed, basitarsus with 3–5 spinules and 1 large terminal spine on dorsal surface ( Fig. 10G ).

ABDOMEN. Abdominal tergite without processes, posterior margin of tenth abdominal tergite emarginate ( Fig. 10D ). Epiproct fusiform, apex narrower elongated and vertically expanded, pair of longitudinal carinae sinuated, at basal two third of epiproct nearly ‘8’ shape present, and converging into apical one third ( Figs 10D , 12A–B ). Cerci slender, nearly conical, basal half wide, apical half slender, apex acute ( Fig. 10E–F ). Subgenital plate trapezoidal, base wider than apex, lateral corners with 1 pair of robust styli almost cylindrical ( Fig. 10F ).

Female Similar to male. Subgenital plate slender, basal fourth wide, rest part abruptly narrow, apex pointed ( Figs 11A , 12C ). Ovipositor wide (lateral view), base stout, basal half wider than apical half, evenly upcurved, ventral margin serrated near apex ( Fig. 11B ).

COLORATION. Body dorsal surface darkish and reddish brown ( Fig. 13 ), ventral surface relatively paler, abdominal projection dark. Face dark, eyes blackish, ocelli light. Legs light, dorsal surface of hind femora and tibiae dark, external margin of femora with dark oblique stripes, apex of femora dark.

Measurements (mm)

BL: ♂ 14.0–17.0, ♀ 13.0–17.0; PL: ♂ 6.5–7.5, ♀ 8.0–8.5; FFL: ♂ 8.0–8.5, ♀ 8.3; HFL: ♂ 19.5–21.0, ♀ 21.0–21.5; HTL: ♂ 18.5, ♀ 18.5; HBL: ♂ 4.0–4.5, ♀ 4.0–4.5; OvL: ♀ 12.5–13.0.

Distribution

China (Guangdong).

Key to known species of the genus Rhaphidophora from China

1. Known only from female .................................................................................................................. 2

– Known from male or both sexes ....................................................................................................... 4

2. Female subgenital plate elongated, apical half acutely constricted..................................................... ......................................................................................................... R. mohanensis Lu & Bian, 2022

– Female subgenital not elongated, roughly equilateral triangular. ..................................................... 3

3. Width of female subgenital plate of moderate size (wider than half width of base of ventral valve, Lu et al. 2022: fig. 13f) ..................................................................... R. rongshuiensis Lu & Bian, 2022

– Subgenital plate of female extremely small (much narrower than half width of valve base, Liu & Zhang 2002: fig. 6) .................................................................. R. minuolamella Liu & Zhang, 2002

4. Male epiproct simple, roughly ligulate ( Figs 4–6 , 8 , 10 , 12 ) ........................................................... 5

– Male epiproct specialized, with appended structure ( Figs 1–3 ) ..................................................... 18

5. Apex of male epiproct truncate and not elongated ( Gorochov 1999: fig. 272; Bian et al. 2017: fig. 7d–e) ........................................................................................................................................... 6

– Apex of male epiproct narrowly rounded or elongated .................................................................... 7

6. Male epiproct longer than width, terminal narrowly truncate ( Gorochov, 1999: fig. 272) ................ ................................................................................................................. R. sinica Bey-Bienko, 1962

– Male epiproct subquadrate, terminal broadly truncate ( Bian et al. 2017: fig. 7d–e) .......................... .................................................................................................... R. quadrula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017

7. Apex of male epiproct extended ( Bian et al. 2017: fig. 1d; Qin et al. 2018: fig. 26) ....................... 8

– Apex of male epiproct not protruded, narrowly rounded ................................................................. 9

8. Tip of elongated apical part of male epiproct enlarged to a pair of tubercles ( Bian et al. 2017: fig. 1d) ........................................................................................ R. biprocera Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017

– Apical part of male epiproct elongated to a digitation ( Qin et al. 2018: fig. 26) ............................... ................................................................................... R. wuzhishanensis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018

9. Apex of male epiproct dorsoventrally incrassated ( Figs 5B , 9B ) ( Bian et al. 2017: fig. 4e) ......... 10

– Apex of male epiproct not vertically incrassated ( Fig. 9A ) ............................................................ 15

10. Upper part of incrassated apex bears conical tip ( Fig. 4D–E ) ( Bian et al. 2017: fig. 4e) ................11

– This vertically incrassated apex without protuberance ( Figs 10D–E , 12B ) ................................... 14

11. Conical tip pointed almost backward (upward); lower part expanded, hoof-shaped, hind margin truncate ( Bian et al. 2017: fig. 4e) ......................................... R. longitabula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017

– Conical tip pointed downward (rearward); lower part unspecialized ( Figs 5B , 9B ) ...................... 12

12. Hind basitarsus dorsally armed with more than 5 spinules .................. R. xishuang Gorochov, 2012

– Hind basitarsus dorsally armed with only 1–2 spinules ................................................................. 13

13. Base only slightly concave between lateral carinae of male epiproct, convergence of lateral carinae almost at apex ............................................................................ R. sichuanensis Liu & Zhang, 2002

– Basal half broadly oval concave between lateral carinae of male epiproct, a pit exists in about apical fourth of epiproct behind convergence of lateral carinae ...... R. glenoides Qin, Wang & He sp. nov.

14. Space between lateral carinae of male epiproct oval at basal half, apex of male epiproct rounded in lateral view; female subgenital plate not elongate .......................... R. incilis Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017

– Space between lateral carinae of male epiproct constricted at basal third, apical third of male epiproct sharply narrowed, apex of male epiproct truncate in lateral view; female subgenital plate elongate ..................................................................... R. stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He sp. nov.

15. Apex of male epiproct flat, narrow in lateral view ( Fig. 9A ; Qin et al. 2018: fig. 20) ....................... ............................................................................................. R. setiformis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018

– Apex of male epiproct not flat, plumpy ( Fig. 6F ) ........................................................................... 16

16. Circular imprinting at bottom of male epiproct groove .......... R. impressa Wang, Qin & He sp. nov.

– Groove of male epiproct with smooth surface; female subgenital plate elongate .......................... 17

17. Male epiproct gradually narrowed behind; female subgenital plate sharply pointed behind, ovipositor with dorsal margin inconspicuously finely crenulate ................................. R. taiwana Shiraki, 1930

– Male epiproct sharply narrowed behind; female subgenital plate elongated and gradually narrowed, ovipositor with dorsal margins smooth ................................ R. duxiu Lu & Bian, 2022

18. Male epiproct entirely lamellate ( Fig. 1E–F ) ................................................................................. 19

– Male epiproct thick and delaminated in apical half ( Figs 2D, F , 3D–E ) ........................................ 24

19. Male epiproct with pair of inward directed spines at lateral corner and pair of smaller outwardly directed spines subapically .......................................... R. quadridentata Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018

– Male epiproct with a pair of long processes at lateral corner ......................................................... 20

20. Processes of lateral corner conical, margin between straight; subgenital plate of male with a pair of stout tubercles subapically .................................................... R. brevispinula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017

– Processes of lateral corner digitate, in between with a lobe apically bispinous ............................. 21

21. Digitate processes compressed in apical half; lobe in between small ................................................ ......................................................................................................... R. complanatis Lu & Bian, 2022

– Digitate processes not compressed; lobe in between large ............................................................. 22

22. Distance between base of digitate processes distinctly longer than their length; lobe down-folded and pointed anteriorly (maybe due to shrinkage of dry specimen) .................................................... .................................................................................... R. hexagoniproctalis Wang, Di & He sp. nov.

– Distance between base of digitate processes almost equal to their length; lobe only slightly folded at base ................................................................................................................................................. 23

23. Digitate processes long, about half of entire epiproct length (process included), and outward bent at basal one third; female subgenital plate transverse ............................... R. digitata Lu & Bian, 2022

– Digitate processes short, about third of entire epiproct length (process included), slightly and evenly outward curved; female subgenital plate not transverse as above ................ R. shii Lu & Bian, 2022

24. Upper part of delaminated apical half of male epiproct becomes pair of large spines from base, wider than lower part ................................................................................................................................ 25

– Upper part of delaminated apical half of male epiproct medially or apically cracked, narrower than lower part ........................................................................................................................................ 26

25. Spines of upper part long and stout; lower part downcurved and cracked in apex to pair of small spines, in between emarginated ............................................................... R. spinita Lu & Bian, 2022

– Spines of upper part short and robust; lower part also with pair of smaller robust spines, margin in between straight (Liu et al.: fig. 1g) .............................................. R. quadrispina Liu & Bian, 2021

26. Upper part distinctly constricted and cracked at half; lower part moderately expanded, longer than upper part ....................................................................... R. imbricofurca Shen, Wang & He sp. nov.

– Upper part slightly constricted in middle and apically incised, margin of incision irregular; lower part considerably expanded, shorter than upper part ...... R. heterodentis Shen, Wang & He sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 10. Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He sp. nov. A–D, F. Paratype, ♂ (SEM CAS 14098456). E, G–H. Holotype, ♂ (SEM CAS 14098457). A. Head in frontal view. B–C. Head and thorax in dorsal and lateral view, respectively. D–F. Apex of abdomen in rear dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively. G. Left hind tarsus in lateral view. H. Body in lateral view.

Fig. 11. Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He sp. nov. A–B. Paratype, ♀ (SEM CAS 14098460). A. Subgenital plate of female in ventral view. B. Ovipositor in lateral view. C. Paratype, ♀ (SEM CAS 14098462), body in lateral view.

Fig. 12. Line drawing of Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He sp. nov. A. Male epiproct in dorsal view. B. Male epiproct in lateral view. C. Female subgenital plate in rear ventral view.

Fig. 13. Habitus of Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He sp. nov. A. Male. B. Female.

Fig. 4. Rhaphidophora glenoides Qin, Wang & He sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (SEM CAS 14098452). A. Head in frontal view. B–C. Head and thorax in dorsal and lateral view, respectively. D–F. Apex of abdomen in left dorsal, lateral and rear ventral view, respectively. G. Right hind tarsus in outer lateral view. H. Body in lateral view.

Fig. 5. Line drawing of Rhaphidophora glenoides Qin, Wang & He sp. nov., male epiproct. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view.

Fig. 6. Rhaphidophora impressa Wang, Qin & He sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (SEM CAS 14098455). A. Head in frontal view. B–C. Head and thorax in dorsal and lateral view, respectively. D–F. Apex of abdomen in rear dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively. G. Left hind tarsus in outer lateral view. H. body in lateral view.

Fig. 8. Line drawing of Rhaphidophora impressa Wang, Qin & He sp. nov. A. Male epiproct in dorsal view. B. Male epiproct in lateral view. C. Renatured hind margin of female subgenital plate in rear ventral view.

Fig. 1. Rhaphidophora hexagoniproctalis Wang, Di & He sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (SEM CAS 14098450). A. Head in frontal view. B–C. Head and thorax in dorsal and lateral view, respectively. D–F. Apex of abdomen in rear dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively. G–H. Right hind tarsus in externally lateral and dorsal view, respectively. I. Body in lateral view.

Fig. 2. Rhaphidophora heterodentis Shen, Wang & He sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (SEM CAS14098451). A. Head in frontal view. B–C. Head and thorax in dorsal and lateral view, respectively. D–F. Apex of abdomen in rear dorsal, ventral and lateral view, respectively. G–H. Left hind tarsus in inner lateral and dorsal view. I. Body in lateral view.

Fig. 3. Rhaphidophora imbricofurca Shen, Wang & He sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (SEM CAS 14098466). A. Head in frontal view. B–C. Head and thorax in lateral and dorsal view, respectively. D–F. Apex of abdomen in right rear dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively. G. Left hind tarsus in inner lateral view. H. Body in lateral view.

Fig. 9. Line drawings. A. Rhaphidophora setiformis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018, male epiproct in lateral view. B. Rhaphidophora xishuang Gorochov, 2012, apex of male epiproct in lateral view (after Gorochov 2012).