Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni ( Froggatt, 1897 )

Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, Insecta Mundi 2022 (948), pp. 1-167 : 143-145

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni ( Froggatt, 1897)

Queensland fruit fly

Figure 82

Distribution ( Fig. 129 ). Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou; detected 1969). Cook Islands (Rarotonga; detected 2001, eradicated 2002). French Polynesia (Austral Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu-Gambier Islands, Marquesas; detected 1970). Pitcairn Island (introduced).

Male lure. Cue-lure (strong attraction), zingerone (weak attraction). Also weakly attracted to anisyl acetone ( Royer et al. 2019a).

Host plants. Category A polyphagous fruit pest ( Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 232 host species in 49 families in Australia ( Hancock et al. 2000). Records in French Polynesia and New Caledonia: ANACARDIACEAE : Anacardium occidentale , Mangifera indica , Spondias dulcis , S. mombin . ANNONACEAE : Annona muricata , A. reticulata , A. squamosa , Cananga odorata . APOCYNACEAE : Cascabela thevetia . BURSERACEAE : Canarium vulgare . CALOPHYLLACEAE : Calophyllum inophyllum . CARICACEAE : Carica papaya . COMBRETACEAE : Terminalia catappa . CUCURBITACEAE : Cucurbita pepo . EBENACEAE : Diospyros kaki , D. mespiliformis . FABACEAE : Inocarpus fagifer . HERNANDIACEAE : Hernandia cordigera . LAURACEAE : Persea americana . LECYTHIDA- CEAE: Barringtonia asiatica , B. edulis . LYTHRACEAE : Punica granatum . MALPIGHIACEAE : Malpighia glabra . MORACEAE : Artocarpus altilis , A. heterophyllus , Ficus pancheriana , Morus alba . MUSACEAE : Musa troglodytarum , Musa x paradisiaca . MYRTACEAE : Eugenia uniflora , Psidium acutangulum , P. cattleianum , P. guajava , Syzygium cumini , S. jambos , S. malaccense . OLACACEAE : Ximenia americana . OXALIDACEAE : Averrhoa carambola . PASSIFLORACEAE : Passiflora edulis , P. laurifolia , P. quadrangularis . RHAMNACEAE : Ziziphus jujuba . ROSACEAE : Eriobotrya japonica , Fragaria vesca , Prunus domestica , P. persica , P. simonii . RUBIACEAE : Coffea sp. , Morinda citrifolia . RUTACEAE : Casimiroa edulis , Citrus × latifolia , C. aurantiifolia , C. japonica , C. maxima , C. paradisi , C. reticulata , C. sinensis . SAPINDACEAE : Litchi chinensis , Nephelium lappaceum , Pometia pinnata . SAPOTACEAE : Chrysophyllum cainito , Planchonella sphaerocarpa , Pouteria caimito . SOLANACEAE : Capsicum annuum , Solanum lycopersicum , S. mauritianum , S. melongena .

Edible hosts common names. Abiu, acerola, avocado, banana, breadfruit, cashew, coffee, common guava, custard apple, eggplant, fe’i banana, giant granadilla, grapefruit, hog-plum, jackfruit, Japanese persimmon, Java plum, Jew plum, jujube, kumquat, lime, loquat, lychee, Malay-apple, mango, nectarine, noni, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, peach, plum, pomegranate, pomelo, purple granadilla, rambutan, rose-apple, soursop, squash, star-apple, starfruit, strawberry, strawberry guava, sugar-apple, Surinam cherry, Surinam cherry, sweet pepper, Tahitian chestnut, Tahitian lime, tangerine, tomato, tropical almond, white mulberry, white sapote, yellow granadilla, yellow plum.

Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood 1997). Under laboratory conditions, eggs hatch after 1.75 days and larval development takes about nine days ( Mille 2010). After its establishment in New Caledonia, B. tryoni displaced the native polyphagous fruit pests B. psidii and especially B. curvipennis , which formerly was the dominant species ( Cochereau 1970; Amice and Sales 1997a, 1997b). Bactrocera tryoni is now the dominant species in urban and village and orchard areas, while B. psidii remains the dominant species in forest ( Amice and Sales 1997a, 1997b). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 130 .

Notes. Heat tolerance of immature stages was investigated in New Caledonia ( Sales et al. 1997). This species was promptly eradicated, with application of male annihilation, protein bait sprays and crop sanitation, after its 2001 detection in Rarotonga ( Cook Islands) ( Vargas et al. 2014).

Figures

Figure 82. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (Froggatt). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Abdomen, male. E) Wing. F) Wing, basal costal and costal cells. G) Lateral view, male.

Figure 129. Distribution and invasion and eradication history of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) and Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) in Oceania. Photos by Steve Wilson.

Figure 130. Mean (±SE) daily captures of Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) in cue-lure traps maintained in New Caledonia (Mainland) between January 1996 and December 1998, based on 14 trapping sites (n = 504, mean FTD = 22.46).