Bactrocera (Bactrocera) umbrosa ( Fabricius, 1805 )

Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, Insecta Mundi 2022 (948), pp. 1-167 : 145

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) umbrosa ( Fabricius, 1805)

Breadfruit fruit fly

(= Dacus fascipennis Wiedemann, 1819 , Bactrocera fasciatipennis Doleschall, 1856 , Dacus conformis Walker, 1856 , Dacus diffusus Walker, 1860 , Dacus frenchi Froggatt, 1909 , Bactrocera lacerata White and Evenhuis, 1999 ) Figure 84

Distribution ( Fig. 105 ). Vietnam. Cambodia. Thailand. Philippines. Malaysia (Peninsular, East). Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, West Timor). Australia ( Christmas Island, Torres Strait Islands). Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Manus, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz, Reef Islands). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Pentecost, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou). Palau.

Male lure. Methyl eugenol. Weak attraction to isoeugenol and methyl-isoeugenol ( Royer et al. 2018).

Host plants. Category B pest ( Vargas et al. 2015) of Artocarpus spp. Records in New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu: MORACEAE : Artocarpus altilis , A. heterophyllus .

Edible hosts common names. breadfruit, jackfruit.

Biology. Adults mate at dusk, (Allwood 1997). Occurs in very large populations in lowland areas, and populations peak in December-January in the Solomon Islands, which corresponds to the main breadfruit season ( Vagalo et al. 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figures 131 , 132 .

Notes. The only pest dacine species known to be naturally distributed across Lydekker’s line ( Krosch et al. 2019).

Figures

Figure 84. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) umbrosa (Fabricius), male.A) Head.B–C) Head and scutum. D–E) Abdomen. F) Wing. G) Lateral view.

Figure 105. Distribution of oligophagous pest fruit flies in Oceania: Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius), B. mucronis (Drew), B. quadrisetosa (Bezzi), B. distincta (Malloch), and B. perfusca (Aubertin). Photo of B. umbrosa by Steve Wilson. Drawing of B. perfusca from Drew (1989).

Figure 131. Mean (±SE) daily captures of Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius) in methyl eugenol traps maintained: A) in Vanuatu (Efate Island) between January 1996 and September 1997, based on 9 trapping sites (n = 165, mean FTD = 7.99), and B) in New Caledonia (Mainland) between January 1996 and December 1998, based on 9 trapping sites (n = 324, mean FTD = 2.22).

Figure 132. Mean (±SE) daily captures of Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius) in methyl eugenol traps maintained in the Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal Island) between April 1999 and August 2001, based on 10 trapping sites (n = 228, mean FTD = 13.33).