Decticus verrucivorus verrucivorus ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Liu, Fei, Chen, Liusheng & Liu, Chunxiang, 2020, Taxonomic Studies of the genus Decticus Serville, 1831 from China (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae), based on Morphology and Songs, Zootaxa 4860 (4), pp. 563-576 : 573-574

Decticus verrucivorus verrucivorus ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Gryllus (Tettigonia) verrucivorus Linnaeus, 1758 . Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae (10th ed.), Holmiae 1:431.

Locusta verrucivora: Fabricius, 1775 . Flensburgi et Lipsiae, in officina libraria Kortii 286; Tigny, 1802. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthoptères: 5:63; Lamarck, 1835. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres 4(2nd Ed.):440.

Decticus verrucivorus verrucivorus: Wesmaël, 1838 . Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles. 5:591; Hebard, 1925. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 51:50; Miksic, 1967. Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. N.S. 6:97–124; Storozhenko. 1980. Taxonomy Ins. Soviet Far East, Vladivostok 10–19; Heller, 1988. Bioakustik der europäischen Laubheuschrecken. Ökol. Forsch. Anwend 1:90.

Tettigonia verrucivora Kirby, 1906 . A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera ( Orthoptera Saltatoria , Locustidae vel Acridiidae ) 2:213.

Gryllus (Tettigonia) rubicundus Goeze, 1778 . Entomologische Beyträge zu des Ritter Linné zwölften Ausgabe des Natursystems 2:95 (syn.).

Peltastes hastatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1839 . Bull. Soc. imp. natur. Moscau 12(3):112 (syn.).

Pterolepis radiata Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 . Nouv. mem. Soc. Imp. natur. Moscou 8:214, pl. 20 (syn.).

Decticus verrucivorus variety deliae Fritze, 1918 . Entom. Rundschau 35:12 (syn.).

Decticus verrucivorus insularis Baccetti, 1963 . Arch. bot. biogeogr. 39:229–235 (syn.).

Diagnosis. Medium-sized. Center of pronotal lateral lobe black. Tegmen brown with dark brown or black spots, gradually reducing, with rounded apex, slightly extending over abdominal apex; aspect ratio about 4.15 ( Fig. 5a ). Male subgenital plate with obtusely angular apical incision ( Fig. 4l ). Ovipositor not obviously crenulated at apex.

Redescription. Male. Stridulatory file with about 62–63 teeth ( Fig. 6f ). Hind femora armed with 3–5 small ventro-posterior spines. Tenth abdominal tergum with an approximate rectangular concavity in middle ( Fig. 4g ). Epiproct tongue-shaped, covered by tenth abdominal tergum, bent down at a angle of 90° at base. Cercus with an enlarged basal tooth in middle.

Female. Tegmen extending up to abdominal apex.

Measurement (mm). See Table 6 and Table 7 .

Song. The calling song consisted of stereotyped chirps with a regular period (367.08±18.75 ms) and duration (182.68±4.74 ms) ( Fig. 7 f–h). Each chirp was comprised of 5 syllable groups ( Fig. 7h ). The frequency ranges from 6 to 22 kHz, and the frequency of main peak is about 16.95 kHz and that of second peak is not significant ( Fig. 7 i–j). The important parameters are listed ( Tab. 3 ).

Material examined. (See Table 1 and Table 2).

Distribution. Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America (dispersed species in Palaearctic Region).

Figures

FIGURE 4a–o. Male pronotum and abdominal apex (scale: 1.00 mm). a–e: Pronotum; f–j: The dorsal view of abdominal apex; k–o: The ventral view of abdominal apex.

FIGURE 5a–e. Right tegmen of males. a: D. v. verrucivorus; b: D. v. latipennis ssp. n; c: D. v. sayram ssp. n. d: D. v. crassus; e: D. albifrons.

FIGURE 6a–j. Stridulatory apparatus of Decticus. a, c, e, g, i: Mirror on right tegmen; b, d, f, h, j: Stridulatory file on underside of male left tegmen; a–b: D. v. verrucivorus; c–d: D. v. latipennis ssp. n.; e–f: D. v. sayram ssp. n.; g–h: D. v. crassus; i–j: D. albifrons.

FIGURE 7a–j. Song diagrams per populations. a–e: D. albifrons; f–j: D. v. verrucivorus; k–o: D. v. crassus (The temperature of m2 is 29.8 °C and others are 27 °C.); a–b, f–g, k–l: A phrase series; c, h, m1–2: Elements in a chirp; d, i, n: Sonogram of the calling song; e, j, o: Power spectrum of the calling song.