Phylloicus fenestratus Flint 1974

Souza-Holanda, Paula Mayara De, Pes, Ana Maria & Hamada, Neusa, 2020, Immature stages of three species and new records of five species of Phylloicus Müller (Trichoptera, Calamoceratidae) in the northern region of Brazil, Zootaxa 4851 (1), pp. 111-136 : 119-120

Phylloicus fenestratus Flint 1974

( Figs 7–10 , 22 )

— Flint 1974: 139 [Type locality: Suriname, Nickerie River, Stondansi ; RNH; ♂] .

— Flint 1996: 425 [distribution].

— Prather 2003: 53 [♂; ♀; distribution].

— Paprocki et al. 2004: 5 [checklist].

— Dumas et al. 2010: 9 [distribution as Pará state, Brazil, not Paraná state as reported by Prather 2003 and Paprocki et al. 2004].

— Paprocki & França 2014: 5 [checklist].

— Desidério et al. 2017: 156 [distribution].

Diagnosis. Larva: It differs from other species in that it has a uniform brown head with the color of the dorsal and lateral muscle scars not conspicuous; larvae of P. abdominalis , P. amazonas , P. obliquus , P. cressae ( Huamantinco et al. 2005, Cavalcante et al. 2020, Barrios et al. 2020), and P. passulatus , have clear, very evident muscle scars. Each foretrochantin of P. fenestratus has strong and prominent spines on the ventral margin, whereas in P. amazonas and P. passulatus these spines are shorter. In P. fenestratus , the anterolateral processes of the pronotum each has a wide base and a pre-apical region with a rounded lobe that is different from those of P. amazonas which are without curvature and gradually tapering toward pointed apices, in P. passulatus , each process has a narrow base and a preapical region with an undeveloped lobe. In P. fenestratus , the color of the legs are uniformly dark brown, while in P. amazonas they are light yellow with a brown band on the median region of each femur, tibia, and tarsus; in P. passulatus the legs are uniformly light brown.

Case: It is similar to those formed by 3 to 4 rounded or rectangular leaf fragments on each side, but it differs in that these fragments are arranged as a nearly straight cylinder with narrow lateral flanges; the cases of P. passulatus , P. mexicanus , P. abdominalis , and P. obliquus also are composed of 3 or 4 rounded or rectangular leaf fragments on each side ( Wiggins 1996, Huamantinco et al. 2005, Cavalcante et al. 2020), but these cases are flat; the case of P. amazonas is flat, constructed with two oval leaf fragments, with the dorsal fragment larger than the ventral one.

Pupa: It differs by the number of setae on the median lobe of the labrum; it has a row of 20–22 long setae, that of P. amazonas a row of 16–18 median setae, that of P. passulatus with 24–26 median and long setae, and that of P. abdominalis has 24 setae ( Huamantinco et al. 2005). The pupa of P. fenestratus also differs from the pupae of P. amazonas and P. abdominalis by the number of setae on each anal process; each anal process of the pupa of P. fenestratus has 2 long basal setae and 3 apical setae, that of P. amazonas has 30 long setae, and that of P. abdominalis has only 3 short apical setae on each process ( Huamantinco et al. 2005).

Figures

FIGURE 7. Phylloicus fenestratus Flint 1974, larva. 7a, right lateral habitus (scale = 2 mm); 7b, thorax and abdominal segment I, dorsal (scale = 1 mm); 7c, thorax, dorsal (scale = 1 mm); 7d, right foretrochantin (arrow) and pronotal plate, right lateral (scale = 0.5 mm); 7e, pronotal plates, dorsal (scale = 0.5 mm); 7f, abdominal segment I, dorsal; 7g–7i, right fore-, mid-, and hind legs, respectively, right lateral (scale = 0.5 mm); 7j, 7k, abdominal segment IX, lateral sclerite, and anal claw, right lateral and dorsal, respectively; 7l, abdominal segment I, ventrolateral humps, ventral (scale = 0.5 mm).

FIGURE 8. Phylloicus fenestratus Flint 1974, larva. 8a–8c, head, dorsal, ventral, and right lateral, respectively (scale = 0.5 mm); 8d, labrum, dorsal (scale = 0.2 mm); 8e–8g, left and right mandibles, dorsal, and right mandible, mesal, respectively (scale = 0.2 mm); 8h, mentum and ventral apotome, ventral (scale bar = 0.2 mm); 8i, frontoclypeal apotome, dorsal (scale bar = 0.2 mm); 8j, right foretrochantin (arrow), forecoxa, foretrochanter, and forefemur, right lateral (scale bar = 0.2 mm).

FIGURE 9. Phylloicus fenestratus Flint 1974, larva and larval case. 9a, ventral; 9b, right lateral; 9c, anterior (scale bar = 2 mm).

FIGURE 10. Phylloicus fenestratus Flint 1974, larval gill diagram with positions of gills and number of gill filaments on abdominal segments I–VIII.

FIGURES 19–23. Distribution map of Phylloicus species. 19, P. amazonas Prather 2003; 20, P. dumasi Santos & Nessimian 2010; 21, P. elektoros Prather 2003; 22, P. fenestratus Flint 1974; 23, P. passulatus Prather 2003, (The states of the northern region of Brazil are highlighted in green).