Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2003

Souza-Holanda, Paula Mayara De, Pes, Ana Maria & Hamada, Neusa, 2020, Immature stages of three species and new records of five species of Phylloicus Müller (Trichoptera, Calamoceratidae) in the northern region of Brazil, Zootaxa 4851 (1), pp. 111-136 : 112-113

Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2003

( Figs 1–6 , 19 )

— Prather 2003: 26 [Type locality: Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Base camp, 00°51’N, 66°10’W, el. 140 m; NMNH; ♂] .

— Paprocki et al. 2004: 5 [checklist].

— Paprocki & França 2014: 4 [checklist].

Diagnosis. Larva: It is similar to those of P. abdominalis , P. cressae , and P. passulatus , by the pale brown to yellow color of the head, with dorsal and lateral muscle scars very evident. It differs from that of P. fenestratus which has a uniformly brown head with the dorsal and lateral muscle scars not conspicuous. It is similar to that of P. passulatus in that the spines on the ventral margin of each foretrochantin are short, whereas in P. fenestratus each foretrochantin has strong and prominent spines on the ventral margin. It differs from known larvae of the other species by having the anterolateral processes of the pronotum without curvature, gradually tapering to pointed apices; in P. fenestratus this process has a broad base and a pre-apical region with a rounded and convex lobe, in P. passulatus the process has a narrow base and a pre-apical region with an undeveloped lobe, in P. cressae ( Barrios et al. 2020) the anterolateral extensions of the pronotum are elongate as a pair of strong sclerotized hooks, and in P. obliquus ( Cavalcante et al. 2020) the anterolateral margins are strongly projected with apices hooked anteroventrad. It also differs in that it has legs light yellow, with a brown band in the median region of each femur, tibia, and tarsus, while in P. fenestratus they are dark brown without bands, and in P. passulatus , the legs are uniformly light brown.

Case: It is flat, constructed with two leaf fragments, oval in shape, with the dorsal fragment larger than the ventral one, similar to the case of P. lituratus ( Rueda Martín 2013) . It differs from the flat cases of P. passulatus , P. mexicanus ( Wiggins 1996) , and P. abdominalis ( Huamantinco et al. 2005) which are constructed with 3 to 4 rounded or rectangular leaf fragments on each side. The case of P. fenestratus , although formed by 3 to 4 rounded or rectangular leaf fragments on each side, is not flat.

Pupa: It differs from those of the other species by the number of setae on the median lobe of the labrum, with 16–18 median setae. That of P. fenestratus has 20–22 long setae on this lobe, that of P. passulatus has 24–26 long setae, that of P. abdominalis has 24 setae, and that of P. obliquus has 24–28 long setae ( Cavalcante et al. 2020). Phylloicus amazonas differs also in the high number of setae (30) distributed throughout the the length of each anal process; P. fenestratus , P. camargoi ( Quinteiro et al. 2011) , and P. passulatus each have 1 long sub-basal and 3 short apical setae on each process and that of P. abdominalis has only 3 short apical setae on each process ( Huamantinco et al. 2005).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2003, female. 1a, dorsal habitus; 1b, left laterodorsal habitus.

FIGURE 2. Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2003, larva. 2a, right lateral habitus (scale = 2 mm); 2b, head, thorax and abdominal segment I, dorsal (scale = 1 mm); 2c, thorax, dorsal (scale = 1 mm); 2d, pronotal plates, dorsal (scale = 0.5 mm); 2e, right foretrochantin (arrow) and right pronotal plate, right lateral (scale = 0.5 mm); 2f–2h, right fore-, mid-, and hind legs, respectively, right lateral (scale = 1 mm); 2i, right lateral sclerite and anal claw of abdominal segment IX; 2j, abdominal segment I, ventrolateral humps, ventral (scale = 0.5 mm); 2k, abdominal segment IX, sclerite, and anal claw,dorsal.

FIGURE 3. Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2013, larva. 3a–3c, head, dorsal, ventral, and right lateral, respectively (scale = 0.5 mm); 3d, labrum, dorsal (scale = 0.12 mm); 3e–3g, left and right mandibles, dorsal, respectively, and right mandible, mesal, respectively (scale = 0.2 mm); 3h, mentum and ventral apotome, ventral (scale bar = 0.25 mm); 3i, frontoclypeal apotome, dorsal; 3j, right foretrochantin (arrow), forecoxa, foretrochanter, and forefemur, right lateral (scale bar = 0.25 mm).

FIGURE 4. Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2003, larval case. 4a–4c, ventral, left lateral, and anterior, respectively (scale bar = 4 mm); 4d, case partially built with plastic material (marking tape).

FIGURE 5. Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2003, larval gill diagram with positions of gills and number of gill filaments on abdominal segments I–VIII.

FIGURE 6. Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2003, pupa. 6a, dorsal habitus (scale bar = 2 mm); 6b, head of pupal exuviae, dorsal; 6c, hook plates of abdominal segments I–VIII, dorsal (a = anterior, p = posterior position); 6d–6e, abdominal segments VIII and IX, left dorsal and right ventral views, respectively.

FIGURES 19–23. Distribution map of Phylloicus species. 19, P. amazonas Prather 2003; 20, P. dumasi Santos & Nessimian 2010; 21, P. elektoros Prather 2003; 22, P. fenestratus Flint 1974; 23, P. passulatus Prather 2003, (The states of the northern region of Brazil are highlighted in green).