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Capnodis, Eschscholtz, 1829

Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G. & Bellamy, Charles L., 2015, An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea), Zootaxa 3984 (1), pp. 1-141 : 65-71

publication ID

 https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1

publication LSID

 lsid:zoobank.org:pub:318FD9EA-E85D-4AEF-8E02-15EE13295F1B

DOI

 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6101270

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243-FF88-FFE6-CDD1-F94227F4A231

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

 Capnodis
status

 

Genus CAPNODIS Eschscholtz, 1829 View in CoL View at ENA

synonym: Caloptera Gistel 1834 .

Capnodis anthracina View in CoL (Fischer von Waldheim) 1830: 184 ( Buprestis View in CoL ); Théry 1925: 80; Richter 1952: 167; Davatchi 1958: 67; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244; Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 55; Abai & Adeli 1984: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Borumand 2002: 32; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 952; Sakenin et al. 2008: 34; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.

synonym: anthracina Faldermann 1835: 140 View in CoL (homonym).

synonym: bactriana Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1891: 334; Modarres Awal 1997: 133.

synonym: cribricollis Abeille de Perrin 1896: 270 (variety of anthracina View in CoL ).

Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Pistacia mutica (Anacardiaceae) View in CoL , wild and cultivated fruit trees ( Farahbakhsh 1960); Pistacia View in CoL spp., branches ( Abai & Adeli 1984); almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae View in CoL ) and on other cultivated and wild stone fruit trees, pistachio ( Pistacia View in CoL sp.) ( Modarres Awal 1997).

Distribution within Iran. "Azerbedjan: Massif du Sahend" ( Théry 1925). Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Khuzestan, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad ( Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002 as bactriana), East Azarbaijan ( Modarres Awal 1997; Sakenin et al. 2008), Fars ( Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as bactriana), Hormozgan, Kerman ( Bílý 1983a), Khorasan, West Azarbaijan ( Borumand 2002), Kordestan ( Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as bactriana; Ghobari et al. 2012), Isfahan, Lorestan ( Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002 as bactriana), Sistan & Baluchestan ( Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), eastern provinces ( Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) ( Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Note. Most data for the host-plants and distribution in Iran possibly refer to other Capnodis species ( Pistacia — C. cariosa , fruit trees— C. henningii ).

Capnodis cariosa ( Pallas) 1776 View in CoL : 708 ( Buprestis View in CoL ); 1781: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 953; Arjomandi et al. 2014: 598.

synonym: bruttia ( Petagna) 1787: 22 ( Buprestis View in CoL ).

Immatures: Alexeev 1994: 26.

Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae View in CoL ), pistachio ( Pistacia View in CoL sp., Anacardiaceae View in CoL ) ( Modarres Awal 1997).

Distribution within Iran. Fars, Kerman, Semnan, Zanjan and other northern provinces ( Modarres Awal 1997), Guilan ( Arjomandi et al. 2014), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldavia, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Note. This species is associated with Anacardiaceae , the record for Amygdalus in Modarres Awal (1997) is doubtful.

Capnodis cariosa hauseri Obenberger 1928b: 67 View in CoL ; Richter 1952: 158; Davatchi 1958: 64; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244 (as cariosa View in CoL ); Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Radjabi 1968: 74; Adeli 1972: 10; Radjabi 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 55; Abai & Adeli 1984: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 134 (variety of cariosa View in CoL ); Borumand 2002: 33; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 953.

Immatures: Davatchi 1958: 66.

Biology/Bionomy: Davatchi 1958: 66.

Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) ( Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960); Pistacia atlantica mutica (Adult!) ( Bílý 1983a), Pistacia spp., roots ( Abai & Adeli 1984); Pistachio ( Adeli 1972, Modarres Awal 1997).

Distribution within Iran. Bushehr ( Obenberger 1928b), Fars ( Radjabi 1968, 1976; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Hormozgan, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad ( Bílý 1983a), Kerman ( Davatchi 1958; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Adeli 1972; Abai & Adeli 1984; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah ( Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Khorasan, Markazi, Semnan, Sistan & Baluchestan, Zanjan ( Modarres Awal 1997), Qazvin ( Davatchi 1958; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), central provinces ( Abai & Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) ( Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Capnodis cariosa iranica Bogatchev 1947: 17 View in CoL (subspecies of cariosa View in CoL ); Salavatian 1950: 8; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Adeli 1972: 10; Radjabi 1976: 129; Abai & Adeli 1984: 74, 82, 106; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 34; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 953.

Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistachier ( Pistacia View in CoL , Anacardiaceae View in CoL ) ( Salavatian 1950), pistachio, probably Rhus coggygria , Rh. cotinus (Anacardiaceae) View in CoL , almond ( Amygdalus sp), apricot, peach, plum ( Prunus View in CoL spp., Rosaceae View in CoL ), oriental plane ( Platanus orientalis View in CoL , Platanaceae View in CoL ), poplar ( Populus View in CoL sp.), and willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae View in CoL ) ( Farahbakhsh 1960); Pistacia View in CoL , Populus View in CoL , Platanus View in CoL and fruit trees ( Adeli 1972); Populus View in CoL spp., Salix spp., Prunus View in CoL spp., roots and collar ( Abai & Adeli 1984); almond, pistachio and probably on apricot, garden plum, peach, sloe tree, oriental plane, poplar, willow, smoke tree ( Cotinus View in CoL sp., Anacardiaceae View in CoL ) ( Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran: Fars ( Bogatchev 1947; Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kerman ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Lorestan, Zanjan and other southern, western and central provinces ( Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Qazvin ( Bogatchev 1947; Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960), Tehran ( Adeli 1972), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.

Note. The majority of host plants are doubtful except for Pistacia, Rhu s and Cotinus .

Capnodis excisa Ménétriés 1848: 28 View in CoL ; Théry 1925: 80; Richter 1952: 160; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Bílý 1983a: 54; Abai & Adeli 1984: 25; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 34; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 953; Sakenin et al. 2008: 33; Bílý et al. 2011: 203.

Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).

Host plant(s) within Iran. Calligonum sp. ( Polygonaceae ) ( Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997); Calligonum commosum (Adult!) ( Bílý 1983a), Cerasus avium (Rosaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).

Distribution within Iran. "Poucht-é-Kouh: Halazard à Chirvan" ( Théry 1925). Bushehr, Kerman ( Borumand 2002), Fars ( Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Hormozgan ( Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Sistan & Baluchestan ( Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) ( Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UAE, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Bílý et al. 2011). Note. The record of Cerasus avium as a host plant in Sakenin et al. (2008) is doubtful; this species is associated with Calligonum spp.

Capnodis henningii ( Faldermann) 1835 View in CoL : 141 ( Buprestis View in CoL ); Théry 1925: 80 (as carbonaria); Salavatian 1950: 8 (subspecies of carbonaria); Richter 1952: 164; Davatchi 1958: 68 (as carbonaria); Davatchi et al. 1959: 244 (as carbonaria and henningi); Farahbakhsh 1960: 72 (subspecies of carbonaria); Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129 (subspecies of carbonaria); Bílý 1983a: 55 (as carbonaria); Abai & Adeli 1984: 19 (subspecies of carbonaria), 66 (as carbonaria); Modarres Awal 1997: 133 (as carbonaria and subspecies of carbonaria, author Mannerheim), 134 (as henningi); Borumand 2002: 32 (as carbonaria); Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 954; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.

synonym: cribricollis Abeille de Perrin 1904: 212 (variety of heningi; homonym of cribricollis Abeille de Perrin 1896). Modarres Awal 1997: 133.

Immatures: Richter 1952: 164.

Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952.

Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Pistachier ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae ) ( Salavatian 1950), almond ( Amygdalus sp.), apricot, plum ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae ),?pistachio ( Farahbakhsh 1960), Amygdalus scoparia (Adult!) ( Bílý 1983a: 55, as carbonaria), almond, pistachio (as carbonaria) ( Davatchi et al. 1959; Modarres Awal 1997); Amygdalus spp., trunk (as c. henningi), Pistacia spp., roots (as carbonaria) ( Abai & Adeli 1984); almond, peach, garden plum, apricot and some other stone fruit trees (as carbonaria henningi) ( Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. "Plateau persan: Kouh-Hadjoudj, Kalateh; Poucht-é-Kouch: Arko-Waz; Louristan: Kouh-Tchéhar-Rah" ( Théry 1925). Azarbaijan ( Modarres Awal 1997, as henningi), Fars ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1976; Bílý 1983a, as carbonaria; Abai & Adeli 1984; Borumand 2002, as carbonaria), Hormozgan, Kerman, Khorasan, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad ( Bílý 1983a, as carbonaria), Kermanshah, Lorestan, Markazi, Semnan, Sistan & Baluchestan ( Borumand 2002, as carbonaria), Kordestan ( Ghobari et al. 2012, as carbonaria), Tehran ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002, as carbonaria), Yazd ( Radjabi 1976; Borumand 2002, as carbonaria), generally distributed (as carbonaria) ( Radjabi 1968; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) ( Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Syria, Turkmenistan, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Note. The record for Pistacia as a host plant is doubtful.

Capnodis jacobsoni Richter 1952: 159 View in CoL ; Volkovitsh & Alexeev 1992: 155; 1994: 427; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 954.

Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Capnodis miliaris ( Klug) 1829 View in CoL : No. 15 ( Buprestis View in CoL ); Théry 1925: 80; Salavatian 1950: 8; Richter 1952: 154; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129; Adeli 1972: 10; Bílý 1983a: 54; Abai & Adeli 1984: 71 (as miliaris View in CoL ), 74, 106 (as m. miliaris View in CoL ); Behdad 1988:?; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 35; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 955; Afrouzian & Babmorad 2012: 135 (as cariosa View in CoL , misidentification); Babmorad et al. 2012a: 182; Babmorad et al. 2012b: 202; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237; Radjabi & Gigli 2012: 1, 3; Afrouzian & Babmorad 2014: 554; Babmorad et al. 2014: 555.

synonym: daedalea ( Steven) 1830: 170 ( Buprestis View in CoL ).

Immatures: Gardner 1929: 116; Richter 1952: 147.

Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952 (with bibliography).

Host plant(s) within Iran. Populus euphratica (Salicaceae) ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Afrouzian & Babmorad 2012, as cariosa ; Babmorad et al. 2012a, b, 2014; Afrouzian & Babmorad 2014); Populus spp., Salix ( Salavatian 1950) , poplars, particularly Sind poplar, willow ( Populus spp., Salix sp., Salicaceae ) ( Farahbakhsh 1960), Populus spp. and Salix spp. ( Adeli 1972); Oriental plane ( Platanus orientalis , Platanaceae ), poplar, black poplar, sind poplar ( Populus spp.), willow ( Modarres Awal 1997); Platanus orientalis , clusters and branches (as miliaris ), Populus spp. Salix spp., roots and collar (as m. miliaris ) ( Abai & Adeli 1984).

Distribution within Iran. " Armenia Persica " (type of daedalea) ( Steven 1830). "Plateau persan: Aivan-i-Kerkha, Kelateh; Louristan: Tchéar-Dooul" ( Théry 1925). Alborz ( Bílý 1983a), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan, Golestan, Ilam, Qazvin ( Borumand 2002), Fars ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Radjabi 1976; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Hormozgan ( Salavatian 1950; Borumand 2002), Isfahan ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Borumand 2002; Babmorad et al. 2012), Kerman ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah, Tehran ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Borumand 2002), Khorasan ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002; Babmorad et al. 2012; Afrouzian & Babmorad 2012, as cariosa ; 2014), Khuzestan ( Bílý 1983a; Radjabi & Gigli 2012; Babmorad et al. 2012a, b; 2014), Lorestan, Sistan & Baluchestan ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002), Kordestan ( Ghobari et al. 2012), generally distributed except Caspian Sea area ( Radjabi 1968; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) ( Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Capnodis miliaris metallica Ballion 1871: 349 View in CoL (correct subsequent spelling validated by subsequent usage, ICZN 1999, Article 33.3.1); Théry 1925: 80 (variety of miliaris View in CoL ); Salavatian 1950: 8; Richter 1952: 156; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Adeli 1972: 10; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 955; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1.

synonym: melattica Ballion 1871: 349 (incorrect original spelling).

synonym: afghanica Obenberger 1934d: 123 (subspecies of miliaris View in CoL ); Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of metallica metallica Ballion), 346.

Host plant(s) within Iran. Populus View in CoL ( Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972); Poplar, black poplar ( Populus View in CoL spp.), willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae View in CoL ) ( Modarres Awal 1997).

Distribution within Iran. "Poucht-é-Kouh: Sar-Bezin" ( Théry 1925). East Azarbaijan ( Havaskary et al. 2012), Fars ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), Khorasan ( Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), Lorestan ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960), Tehran ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), generally distributed ( Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) ( Richter 1952).

Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Capnodis parumstriata Ballion 1871: 349 View in CoL ; Davatchi 1958: 67; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Adeli 1972: 10; Abai & Adeli 1984: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 956.

synonym: costulata Fairmaire 1902: 39.

Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) View in CoL , almond ( Farahbakhsh 1960), almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae View in CoL ), pistachio ( Pistacia View in CoL sp.) ( Adeli 1972, Modarres Awal 1997); Pistacia View in CoL spp., roots ( Abai & Adeli 1984). Distribution within Iran. Fars, Khorasan ( Modarres Awal 1997), Sistan & Baluchestan ( Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), East of Iran ( Adeli 1972), Iran (no locality cited) ( Davatchi 1958; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, India, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Note. This species is associated with Pistacia , the records for Amygdalus are doubtful.

Capnodis porosa ( Klug) 1829 View in CoL : No. 17 ( Buprestis View in CoL ); Richter 1952: 161; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 36; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 956.

synonym: mannerheimi ( Faldermann) 1835: 142 ( Buprestis View in CoL ).

synonym: hypocrita Géhin 1855: 55 View in CoL .

Immatures: Alexeev 1994: 21.

Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae View in CoL ) ( Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan ( Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), West Azarbaijan ( Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) ( Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Pakistan, Russia, Syria, Turkey, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Capnodis porosa persica Théry 1936b: 221 View in CoL (subspecies of porosa View in CoL ); Richter 1952: 162; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 956.

Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) ( Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.

Capnodis sexmaculata Ballion 1871: 349 View in CoL ; Radjabi 1974: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 36; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 957; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.

synonym: kashmirensis Fairmaire 1891: cxxv.

Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952 (with bibliography).

Distribution within Iran: Kordestan ( Ghobari et al. 2012), northern provinces ( Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006).

Distribution outside Iran: Afghanistan, India (Kashmir), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Capnodis tenebricosa ( Olivier) 1790 View in CoL : 62 ( Buprestis View in CoL ); Théry 1925: 80; Salavatian 1950: 8; Richter 1952: 145; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129; Abai & Adeli 1984: 19; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 36; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 957; Barimani et al. 2009: 64, 2010: 131; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.

synonym: dorsata ( Voet) 1806: 95 ( Cucujus View in CoL ).

synonym: lugens Küster 1846: 52 View in CoL .

synonym: aurosparsa Abeille de Perrin 1891: 258 (variety of tenebricosa View in CoL ); Radjabi 1968: 74 (subspecies of tenebricosa View in CoL ); Bílý 1983a: 54 (subspecies of tenebricosa View in CoL ); Modarres Awal 1997:134; Borumand 2002: 37; Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of tenebricosa View in CoL ), 346.

synonym: anomala Fairmaire 1895: cx.

synonym: simulatrix Obenberger 1916: 259 (subspecies of tenebricosa View in CoL ).

synonym: alternata Obenberger 1945: 16 (subspecies of tenebricosa View in CoL ).

synonym: occidentalis Obenberger 1945: 18 (subspecies of tenebricosa View in CoL ).

Immatures: Schaefer 1937: 160.

Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952 (with bibliography).

Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) On the fruit trees ( Salavatian 1950), almond ( Amygdalus sp.), apple ( Malus sp.), apricot, garden plum, peach, plum ( Prunus app.), white howthorn ( Crataegus sp.), pear ( Pyrus sp., Rosaceae ) ( Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Amygdalus spp., trunk and roots ( Abai & Adeli 1984), pistachio ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae ) ( Modarres Awal 1997).

Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane, Poucht-é-Kouh, El Bourz, Louristan, multiple locations" ( Théry 1925). Alborz ( Bílý 1983a, as t. aurosparsa), Chaharmahal & Bakhtiary, Golestan, Kerman ( Borumand 2002, as t. tenebricosa ), East Azarbaijan ( Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Fars ( Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Ilam ( Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Isfahan ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Abai & Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Kermanshah ( Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Khorasan ( Bílý 1983a, as t. aurosparsa; Borumand 2002, as t. tenebricosa ), Khuzestan ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Kordestan ( Ghobari et al. 2012, as t. tenebricosa ), Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad ( Bílý 1983a, as t. aurosparsa; Borumand 2002, as t. tenebricosa ), Lorestan ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Markazi, Zanjan ( Modarres Awal 1997), Mazandaran ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as persica ; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Qazvin ( Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Tehran ( Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Yazd ( Radjabi 1976), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt (Sinai), France, Georgia, Greece, India (Kashmir), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Malta, Moldavia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. The larvae feed in the roots of Rumex (Polygonaceae) , adults occur on different fruit-trees; records for Amygdalus ( Abai & Adeli 1984) and Pistacia ( Modarres Awal 1997) as larval hosts are dobtful.

Capnodis tenebricosa alia Bellamy 2004b: 259 View in CoL (nomen novum for iranica Bellamy 2004 View in CoL ); Bellamy 2008b: 959. synonym: persica Obenberger 1945: 16 View in CoL (subspecies of tenebricosa View in CoL , preoccupied by persica Théry 1936b View in CoL ); Radjabi 1968: 74 (subspecies of tenebricosa View in CoL ); Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 37; Kubáň 2006: 346 (synonym of bushirensis View in CoL ).

synonym: iranica Bellamy 2004a: 155 View in CoL (nomen novum for persica Obenberger 1945 View in CoL , preoccupied by iranica Bogatchev 1947 View in CoL ); Kubáň 2006: 346 (synonym of bushirensis View in CoL ).

synonym: bushirensis Kubáň 2006: 40 View in CoL , 346 (nomen novum for iranica Bellamy View in CoL , superfluous name), 346; Bellamy 2008b: 959.

Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah, Khuzestan ( Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997, as tenebricosa persica Obenberger ), Mazandaran ( Radjabi 1968, as tenebricosa persica Obenberger ), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.

Capnodis tenebricosa bucharica Obenberger 1945: 18 View in CoL ; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 959. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006).

Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006).

Capnodis tenebrionis ( Linnaeus) 1761 View in CoL : 213 ( Buprestis View in CoL ); Théry 1925: 80; Salavatian 1950: 8; Richter 1952: 146; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Adeli 1972: 10; Radjabi 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 54; Abai & Adeli 1984: 31, 82; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 37; Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 959; Barimani et al. 2009: 65; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.

synonym: variegata ( Goeze) 1777: 596 ( Buprestis View in CoL ).

synonym: tenebrioides ( Pallas) 1781: 67 ( Buprestis View in CoL ).

synonym: naevia ( Gmelin) 1790: 1939 ( Buprestis View in CoL ).

synonym: moluccensis ( Voet) 1806: 96 ( Cucujus View in CoL ).

synonym: aerea Laporte & Gory 1836: 9.

Immatures: Gory & Laporte 1840: 3; Pussard 1935b: 54, 1935c: 1; Schaefer 1937: 160; Bleton & Fieuzet 1942: 36; Richter 1952: 147; Reichart 1950b: 153, 1953b: 89; Richter 1952: 147; Bílý 1999: 21; Marannino & de Lillo 2007a: 145, 2007b: 197; Marannino et al. 2004: 101, 2007: 210.

Biology/Bionomy: Krása 1935: 103; Pussard 1934a: 1, 1934b: 3, 1935a: 23, 1935b: 54; Richter 1952: 147; Bílý 2003: 48.

Host plant(s) within Iran. l’Amandier ( Amygdalus ), l’Abricotier, Prunier ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae ) ( Salavatian 1950); apricot, plum, cherry, sour cherry, peach ( Prunus spp.), almond ( Amygdalus ), pear ( Pyrus sp.), howthorn ( Crataegus sp., Rosaceae ) ( Farahbakhsh 1960), Amygdalus and fruit trees ( Adeli 1972), Cerasus spp., Prunus spp., trunks, roots and branches ( Abai & Adeli 1984), almond, apple ( Malus sp.), appricot, cherry, sour-cherry, garden plum, peach, plum, sloe tree ( Prunus spp.), pear, white howthorn, poplar, black poplar ( Populus spp.), willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae ) ( Modarres Awal 1997).

Distribution within Iran. "Plateau persan: de Hamadan à Casvin, Poucht-é-Kouch: Husseinabad, Louristan: Kirmancha" ( Théry 1925). East Azarbaijan ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968, as tenebrionis var.?; Abai & Adeli 1984; Borumand 2002; Havaskary et al. 2012), Fars ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1976), Ilam, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad ( Borumand 2002), Isfahan ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968, as tenebrionis var.?; Abai & Adeli 1984; Borumand 2002), Kerman ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Khorasan ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Khuzestan ( Salavatian 1950; Borumand 2002), Kordestan ( Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002; Barimani et al. 2009), Qazvin ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002), Semnan ( Salavatian 1950), Tehran ( Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002), generally distributed ( Radjabi 1968; Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,? Egypt, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Malta, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain,? Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).

Note. Records for poplar and willow ( Modarres Awal 1997) are doubtful.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Coleoptera

Family

Buprestidae

Loc

Capnodis

Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G. & Bellamy, Charles L. 2015
2015
Loc

Capnodis tenebricosa alia

Bellamy 2008: 959
Bellamy 2004: 259
Borumand 2002: 37
Modarres 1997: 134
Radjabi 1968: 74
Obenberger 1945: 16
2004
Loc

Capnodis jacobsoni

Bellamy 2008: 954
Volkovitsh 1992: 155
Richter 1952: 159
1952
Loc

Capnodis porosa (

Bellamy 2008: 956
Borumand 2002: 36
Modarres 1997: 134
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 73
Davatchi 1959: 245
Richter 1952: 161
1952
Loc

Capnodis cariosa iranica

Bellamy 2008: 953
Borumand 2002: 34
Modarres 1997: 134
Abai 1984: 74
Radjabi 1976: 129
Adeli 1972: 10
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 73
Salavatian 1950: 8
Bogatchev 1947: 17
1947
Loc

Capnodis tenebricosa bucharica

Bellamy 2008: 959
Obenberger 1945: 18
1945
Loc

Capnodis porosa persica Théry 1936b : 221

Bellamy 2008: 956
Richter 1952: 162
Thery 1936: 221
1936
Loc

Capnodis cariosa hauseri

Bellamy 2008: 953
Borumand 2002: 33
Modarres 1997: 134
Abai 1984: 66
Bily 1983: 55
Radjabi 1976: 129
Adeli 1972: 10
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 72
Davatchi 1959: 244
Davatchi 1958: 64
Richter 1952: 158
Obenberger 1928: 67
1928
Loc

Capnodis anthracina

Ghobari 2012: 236
Bellamy 2008: 952
Borumand 2002: 32
Modarres 1997: 133
Abai 1984: 66
Bily 1983: 55
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 72
Davatchi 1959: 244
Davatchi 1958: 67
Richter 1952: 167
Thery 1925: 80
1925
Loc

Capnodis miliaris (

Afrouzian 2014: 554
Afrouzian 2012: 135
Babmorad 2012: 182
Babmorad 2012: 202
Ghobari 2012: 237
Radjabi 2012: 1
Bellamy 2008: 955
Borumand 2002: 35
Modarres 1997: 134
Abai 1984: 71
Bily 1983: 54
Adeli 1972: 10
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 73
Davatchi 1959: 244
Richter 1952: 154
Salavatian 1950: 8
Thery 1925: 80
1925
Loc

Capnodis miliaris metallica

Havaskary 2012: 1
Bellamy 2008: 955
Modarres 1997: 134
Adeli 1972: 10
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 73
Davatchi 1959: 244
Richter 1952: 156
Salavatian 1950: 8
Thery 1925: 80
Ballion 1871: 349
1871
Loc

Capnodis parumstriata

Bellamy 2008: 956
Modarres 1997: 134
Abai 1984: 66
Adeli 1972: 10
Farahbakhsh 1960: 73
Davatchi 1958: 67
Ballion 1871: 349
1871
Loc

Capnodis sexmaculata

Ghobari 2012: 236
Bellamy 2008: 957
Borumand 2002: 36
Modarres 1997: 134
Radjabi 1974: 38
Ballion 1871: 349
1871
Loc

Capnodis excisa Ménétriés 1848 : 28

Bily 2011: 203
Bellamy 2008: 953
Borumand 2002: 34
Modarres 1997: 134
Abai 1984: 25
Bily 1983: 54
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 73
Davatchi 1959: 244
Richter 1952: 160
Thery 1925: 80
Menetries 1848: 28
1848
Loc

Capnodis henningii (

Ghobari 2012: 236
Bellamy 2008: 954
Borumand 2002: 32
Modarres 1997: 133
Abai 1984: 19
Bily 1983: 55
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 72
Davatchi 1959: 244
Davatchi 1958: 68
Richter 1952: 164
Salavatian 1950: 8
Thery 1925: 80
Faldermann 1835: 141
1835
Loc

Capnodis tenebricosa (

Ghobari 2012: 236
Barimani 2009: 64
Bellamy 2008: 957
Borumand 2002: 36
Modarres 1997: 134
Abai 1984: 19
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 73
Davatchi 1959: 245
Richter 1952: 145
Salavatian 1950: 8
Thery 1925: 80
Olivier 1790: 62
1790
Loc

Capnodis cariosa (

Arjomandi 2014: 598
Bellamy 2008: 953
Modarres 1997: 133
Pallas 1776: 708
1776
Loc

Capnodis tenebrionis (

Havaskary 2012: 1
Ghobari 2012: 236
Barimani 2009: 65
Bellamy 2008: 959
Borumand 2002: 37
Modarres 1997: 134
Abai 1984: 31
Bily 1983: 54
Radjabi 1976: 129
Adeli 1972: 10
Radjabi 1968: 74
Farahbakhsh 1960: 73
Davatchi 1959: 245
Richter 1952: 146
Salavatian 1950: 8
Thery 1925: 80
Linnaeus 1761: 213
1761

Specimens

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