SCALPELLINAE PILSBRY, 1907 MOLECULAR

Gale, Andrew Scott, 2016, Phylogeny of the deep-sea cirripede family Scalpellidae (Crustacea, Thoracica) based on shell capitular plate morphology, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (2), pp. 266-304 : 296

SUBFAMILY SCALPELLINAE PILSBRY, 1907 MOLECULAR GROUP A OF LIN ET AL. (2015: FIG. 3 )

Amended diagnosis

Scalpellids in which the rostrolatus is broad, low, straplike, and gently incurved. The rostrum is broader than high, rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular, and large triangular lateral surfaces contact the interior of the rostrolatus. The articulation surface between the rostrum and rostrolatus extends over the entire height of both plates.

Included genera

Arcoscalpellum Hoek, 1907 , Arcuatoscalpellum gen. nov., Diotascalpellum gen. nov., Graviscalpellum Foster, 1980 , Regioscalpellum gen. nov., and Scalpellum Leach, 1817 .

Remarks

This definition of Scalpellinae differs in major respects from that of Zevina (1978a), for whom the family was characterized by the subapical carinal umbo, the inflexed carina, and the subapical umbones of the upper and inframedian latus; however, the group as thus defined is polyphyletic (see above), and these features evolved independently a number of times within the Scalpellidae . The subfamily is therefore rediagnosed to include the basal group of scalpellids shown in Figure 14 , which are technically paraphyletic, but can be readily identified.

Figures

Figure 3. Lateral aspects of Amigdoscalpellinae: A, Catherinum striolatum (G.O. Sars, 1877); B, Catherinum recurvitergum (Gruvel, 1900); C, Catherinum novaezelandiae (Hoek, 1883). D, Weltnerium nymphocola (Hoek, 1883); E, Amigdaloscalpellum rigidum (Aurivillius, 1898); F, Amigdaloscalpellum truncatum (Hoek, 1883); G, Amigdaloscalpellum sculptum (Hoek, 1907) H, Weltnerium stroemii (M. Sars, 1859). See Table 1 for localities. Scale bars: 5 mm.

Figure 14. Cladogram of 23 extant species of Scalpellidae, a consensus tree based on heuristic, unconstrained analysis (PAUP) of 61 shell-plate characters. Nodes numbered, bootstrap support values shown. Numbers of character changes at nodes 3, 6, 9, and 11 are shown; note the major change crownwards of Arcoscalpellum sociabile, at which 27 changes (node 6) occur. Taxa close to Diotascalpellum rubrum [Diotascalpellum angustatum (Geinitz, 1843)] appeared at about 105 Mya, and Catherinum at 75 Mya. This suggests that much of the evolutionary diversification of the family had occurred before the end of the Cretaceous. Molecular groups A and B of Lin et al. (2015: fig. 3) correspond exactly with the Scalpellinae and Amigdoscalpellinae. Abbreviations, Amigdo, Amigdoscalpellum; Arco, Arcoscalpellum; Gavi, Gaviscalpellum; Regio, Regioscalpellum; Dio, Diotascalpellum.