Acrosathe otiosa (Coquillett)

Webb, Donald W., 2009, A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region, Zootaxa 2091 (1), pp. 1-67 : 14-17

Acrosathe otiosa (Coquillett)

( Figs. 18–25 , 52 )

otiosa Coquillett (1893a:197 key, 199 male desc., 200 fem. desc.), Aldrich (1905:248, cat.), Kröber (1912: 248 male key, 250 fem. key, 255 spec. list, 257 desc; 1913: 43 male key, 44 fem. key, 60 dist.), Cole (1923a: 87 male key, 88 fem. key, 93 diag., dist., Figs. 124 fem. frons, 141 ant., 167 wing; 1965:354, cat.) ( Thereva ); Irwin and Lyneborg (1981a:225 comb. change, spec. list), Holston (2004:59 nom.) ( Acrosathe ). Type locality USA, California, Los Angeles County. Lectotype male in USNM.

Diagnosis. The male of Acrosathe otiosa is similar to A. vanduzeei in having the wing veins and cross-veins with a dark brown margin. It is separated from A. vanduzeei in having the setae on male sternite 8 absent medially on posterior margin ( Fig. 19 ); the AAP ventral view narrow, sides sinuate ( Fig. 23 ), lateral view ( Fig. 24 ) elongate, almost extending to apex of distiphallus; and the ventral apodeme ( Fig. 23 ) reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. The female of A. otiosa is similar to A. bimaculata and A. vialis in having the frons with two round, dark brown to black pubescent circles (as in Fig. 7 ). It differs from A. bimaculata and A. vialis in having the wing veins and cross-veins with a dark brown margin. The furca ( Fig. 25 ) of A. otiosa differs from A. bimaculata in being oval with the anterior and posterior margins rounded. The furca ( Fig. 25 ) of A. otiosa differs from A. vialis in being less than two times longer than wide and lacking anterolateral projections.

Redescription of MALE. Variation (n=10).

Body length 5.8–8.4, 7.6 mm.

Head. Length 0.88–1.18, 1.01 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae dark reddish brown, elongate. Eyes holoptic, separated by distance 0.2 times width of median ocellus; ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence white, dense, dark brown, glabrous on dorsal fourth; setae white (occasionally dark yellow), elongate on ventral three–fourths. Antenna dark brown, scape pubescence gray, dense; antenna/head length 0.69–0.90, 0.81; scape length 0.28–0.42, 0.33 mm, width 0.14–0.16, 0.15 mm, length/width 1.8–2.6, 2.2, scape/pedicel length 2.8–4.3, 3.3, scape/flagellum 0.9–1.1, 1.1 width, setae white, elongate; pedicel length 0.08–0.12, 0.10 mm, width 0.14–0.16, 0.14 mm, length/width 0.6–0.9, 0.7, setae dark brown, short; flagellum length 0.32–0.42, 0.38 mm, width 0.14–0.16, 0.15 mm, length/width 2.1–3.0, 2.7, flagellum/scape length 0.9–1.5, 1.2. Parafacial pubescence white, dense; setae white. Maxillary palpus reddish brown, pubescence white; length 0.36–0.50, 0.45 mm, width 0.08–0.10, 0.10 mm, length/width 3.6–6.3, 4.7; setae white, elongate. Genal setae white, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate white becoming pale yellow dorsally; macrosetae dark brown (occasionally dark yellow). Postocular macrosetae dark brown (occasionally dark yellow or absent).

Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1–3 sa, 1 pa, 1–2 dc. Mesonotum with vittae dull brown, separated by gray pubescence; setae white to pale yellow, elongate, subappressed intermixed with dark brown, erect setae. Prosternum setae white. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white to pale yellow, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale gray, veins and cross-veins brown with brown margin at fork of R 4+5, r-m, apex of discal cell, apex of cell bm; length 4.8–6.7, 5.9 mm, width 1.8–2.3, 2.0 mm, length/width 2.2–3.3, 2.8; cell m 3 closed, petiolate. Halter stalk brown, knob pale yellow. Legs. Coxal pubescence silver, dense; setae white, elongate; apical macrosetae dark reddish brown, hindcoxa with 1 posterolateral macroseta. Femora dark reddish brown; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal appressed setae white. Tibiae dark yellowish brown becoming darker on apical half. Tarsus 1 dark yellow becoming dark reddish brown on apical half; 2–5 dark reddish brown.

FIGURES 26–33. Acrosathe pacifica . 26. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 27. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 28. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 29. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 30. Aedeagus, ventral view. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. 32. Female head, frontal view. 33. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm.

Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed; lateral setae white, erect. Terminalia (MEI 075520) dark brown, pubescence gray, dense. Tergite 8 ( Fig. 18 ), setae white to pale yellow. Sternite 8 ( Fig. 19 ), posterior margin broadly emarginate; setae dark yellow, absent medially on posterior margin. Epandrium ( Fig. 18 ) quadrate, sides rounded, as long medially as wide; posterolateral margin short, broadly pointed; setae white to pale yellow. Cerci ( Fig. 18 ), ending above apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct ( Fig. 18 ), posterior margin truncate, ending below apex of cerci. Gonocoxite ventral view ( Fig. 19 ), median margin straight, tapering posteriorly to blunt point, setae dark yellow to dark brown, macrosetae dark brown on gonocoxal process and inner gonocoxal process; lateral view ( Fig. 20 ) oblong, tapered to broad, rounded point. Gonostylus ( Fig. 21 ), flattened dorsoventrally, setae pale yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme ( Fig. 22 ) broad, rectangular, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme ( Fig. 23 ) broad, slightly clavate, reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view ( Fig. 22 ) elongate, tapered posteriorly, apicolateral spines absent, lateral view ( Fig. 24 ) narrow, broadly curved posteriorly; AAP ( Figs. 23–24 ) narrow, elongate, pointed apically, curved dorsally to apex of distiphallus; ejaculatory apodeme ( Fig. 22 ) extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme.

FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n=10).

Body length 7.7–10.2, 8.4 mm.

Head. Length 0.90–1.12, 1.02 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense on ventral half, dorsal half dark brown, pubescence brownish gray with large, dark brown circle dorsolaterally (as in Fig. 7 ); setae white to pale yellow, elongate ventrally, dark brown dorsally. Antenna/head length 0.73–0.88, 0.79; scape length 0.30–0.36, 0.33 mm, width 0.14–0.18, 0.15 mm, length/width 1.9–2.6, 2.2, scape/pedicel length 1.9–3.8, 3.4, scape/flagellum width 1.0–1.3, 1.1; pedicel length 0.08–0.12, 0.10 mm, width 0.14 mm, length/width 0.6–0.9, 0.7; flagellum length 0.36–0.42, 0.38 mm, width 0.14 mm, length/width 2.4–3.0, 2.7, flagellum/scape length 0.9–1.3, 1.2. Maxillary palpus length 0.46–0.55, 0.50 mm, width 0.10–0.12, 0.11 mm, length/width 4.3–5.4, 4.8.

Thorax. Macrosetae 3–4, 3 np, 2 sa, 1 pa, 1–2, 2 dc. Wing. Length 5.7–6.7, 6.2 mm, width 1.8–2.3, 2.0 mm, length/width 2.9–3.4, 3.1.

Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence gray, dense (occasionally absent on anterior fourth of tergites 2 and 3 or tergites 2–4; dorsal setae white to pale yellow appressed. Terminalia (MEI 012323). Furca ( Fig. 25 ) narrow, oval; length 0.49 mm, width 0.35 mm; anterolateral projection absent.

Immature Stages. One female (MEI 029243) was reared from a larva collected at Great Sand Dunes, Colorado and 2♂ (MEI 012047, 012126) were reared from larvae collected at 1.6 km south of Cantamar , Baja California Norte, Mexico .

Distribution. Acrosathe otiosa is known from British Columbia, Canada, Baja California Norte, Mexico, and California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Utah, and Wyoming in the United States ( Fig. 52 ).

Habitats and Phenology. Acrosathe otiosa has been hand-netted or collected in Malaise traps on sand dunes. Adults have been collected in December and February through August.

Specimens examined. Type specimens. Coquillett based his description of Thereva otiosa on nine males and seven female syntypes from Los Angeles County, California. Only one specimen of these syntypes could be found in USNM collection. This specimen is a male with label 1 on white paper " Los Angeles Co. CAL." (typeset); label 2 on white paper "Apr." (typeset); label three on white paper "Coquillett Collector" (typeset); label 4 on red paper "Type No. 10423 U.S. N.M." (typeset) This male (MEI 159492) is designated as the lectotype of Thereva otiosa . This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of T. otiosa and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same .

Other specimens. CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Nanaimo [49.167, -123.933], 28.VI.1920, Van Duzee, E.P., 10♂ MEI 157230–9 ( CAS) ; Thornby Island [48.5, -124], 8.VII.1967, Schlinger, E., 1♂ MEI 012436 ( CAS) ; Anderson Lake [48.567, -123.283], 17.VI.1926, McDunnough, J., 1♂ MEI 077932 ( DEBU) ; Oliver [49.183, -119.55], 27.V.?, Garrett, C., 3♂ MEI 115627–9, 1♀ 115630 ( USNM) ; Salmon River, Glen Emma [50.55, -119.133], 15.VII.1949, Leech, H.B., 1♀ MEI 157335 ( CAS) ; Vancouver [49.25, -123.117], 15.VII.1930, 1♀ MEI 013167 ( SMDV) ; Victoria , [48.433, -123.35], 23.VI.1918, Downes, W., 1♂ MEI

077933 (SMDV); 26.VI.1919, 3♂ MEI 013159, 013161, 013163, 4♀ 013160–2, 013166 ( SMDV); Nanaimo, Biological Station [49.16, -123.93] , 28.VI.1920, Van Duzee, E.P., 2♂ MEI 012664–5 ( SMDV). MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE. 1.6 km S Cantamar [32.212, -116.921] , 20.III.1972, Doyen, J., 2♂ MEI 012047, 012126, ( EMEC), sifted; dunes at Cantamar [32.227, -116.921] , 28.XII.1976, Rude, P., 3♂ MEI 011874–6 ( EMEC). UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA. Contra Costa County. 3.2 km E Antioch, Little Corral [38.005, -121.776] , 15.XII.1956, collector?, 1♂ MEI 011972 ( MEIC); Antioch , [38.005, -121.805] , 14.IV.1938, Van Dyke, M.C., 1♂ MEI 157313 ( CAS) ; 20.IV.1950, Hurd, P.D., 3♀ MEI 011964–5, 011973 ( EMEC) ; 5.IV.1952, 2♀ MEI 011976–7 ( EMEC) ; 5.IV.1952, Rozen, J.G., 1♀ MEI 123175 ( OSU) ; 6.III.1953, Hurd, P.D., 1♂ MEI 011969, 1♀ 011970 ( EMEC) ; 15.III.1953, 5♂ MEI 011966–8, 011971, 011974, 2♀ 011937–8 ( EMEC) ; 23.III.1953, 25♂ MEI 011940–63, 011975, 4♀ 011934–6, 011939 ( EMEC); Barnes , A.M., 1♀ MEI 011978 ( EMEC). Humboldt County . 23.V.1929, Leach, E.R., 1♂ MEI 132162 ( CAS); Eureka [40.802, - 124.163] , 13.VI.1935, Baker, E.W., 1♀ MEI 164346 ( MEIC): Samoa Dunes [North Spit] [40.789, -124.206] , 21.V.1969, Slobodchikoff, C., 1♀ MEI 012115 ( MEIC) ; 10.VI.1969, 1♂ MEI 012131 ( MEIC) ; 26.VI.1969, 1♂ MEI 012132 ( MEIC); Trinidad [41.059, -124.142] , 6.VI.1925, Martin, J.O., 1♂ MEI 157283 ( CAS). Kern County. 2.4 km W Weldon [35.669, -118.316] , 31.III.1983, Pinto, J.D., Velten, R.K., 1♀ MEI 012460 ( MEIC). Los Angeles County. Coquillett, 1♂ MEI 113529, 2♀ 113530, 113534 ( USNM);?.III.?, 1♂ MEI 113343, 3♀ 113532, 113539, 113541 ( USNM); 18.III.?, 1♀ MEI 113528 ( USNM);?.IV.?, 5♂ MEI 113512, 113515–6, 113531, 113533 ( USNM); 14.V.?, 1♂ MEI 113517 ( USNM); Long Beach [33.767, -118.188] , 29.III.1950, Melander, A.L., 2♂ MEI 113700–1 ( USNM) ; 13.II.1957, Wilcox, J., 3♂ MEI 012506, 012508–9 ( EMEC); Los Angeles [34.052, -118.243] , 31.III.1933, Hicks, C.H., 2♂ MEI 075519–20 ( CSUC), 1♀ 101795 ( WSU). Madera County. San Joaquin Experimental Range, 33.8 km NE Madera [37.177, -119.849] , 10.IV.1962, Burdick, D.J., 17♂ MEI 011800–16 ( EMEC); Marino, E., 1♂ MEI 011837 ( EMEC). Mono County. Topaz Lake [38.679, -119.533] , 26.VI.1957, Flaherty, D.L., 1♂ MEI 011738 ( EMEC); Pritchard, A.E., 2♂ MEI 011729–30 ( EMEC). Monterey County. Salinas River at King City [36.209, -121.145] , 20.III.1974, Doyen, Powell, 1♂ MEI 012029 ( MEIC), riverine dunes; Marina Dunes [36.7, -121.8] , 18.III.1971, Irwin , M.E., 7♂ MEI 012327–9, 012335, 012346–8 ( MEIC). Orange County. Limestone Canyon, Irvine Lake [33.785, -117.723], 3–14.VI.?, Irwin , M.E., 1♂ MEI 012349, 1♀ 012323 ( MEIC). Riverside County. Dripping Springs [33.473, -116.989] , 17.IV.1962, Wilcox, J., 1♂ MEI 012507 ( EMEC); Riverside [33.94, -117.397] , 17.III.1935, Melander, A.L., 1♀ MEI 113668 ( USNM). San Benito County. Pinnacles [36.531, -121.145] , 24.IV.1948, MacSwain, J.W., 5♂ MEI 011979, 011981–4, 1♀ 011985 ( EMEC). San Bernardino County. Devore [34.216, -117.401] , 2.XII.1981, collector?, 1♀ MEI 012292 ( MEIC); Mojave River, Deep Creek [34.105, -117.099] , 18.III.1965, Wilcox, J., 1♀ MEI 012451 ( EMEC). San Diego County. San Diego, Mission Valley [32.765, -117.175] , 28.IV.1949, Ulica, J., 1♀ MEI 012125 ( MEIC); San Luis Rey [33.232, -117.323] , 26.IV.1968, Andrews, F.G., 1♀ MEI 012324 ( MEIC); El Monte Regional Park [32.892, -116.846] , 31.III.1962, collector?, 1♀ MEI 012138 ( MEIC). San Francisco County. San Francisco [37.775, -122.418] , 12.III.1932, Keifer, H.H., 1♂ MEI 073658 ( CSCA) ; 28.III.1961, Rentz, D.C., 1♀ MEI 157222 ( CAS); San Francisco, Laguna Puerca [37.736, -122.488] , 7.IV.1961, Powell, J., 1♂ MEI 012146 ( EMEC). San Luis Obispo County. Pozo [35.304, -120.376] , 27.IV.1962, Drew, J.K., 1♂ MEI 011784 ( EMEC) ; 28.IV.1962, Langston, R.L., 1♂ MEI 011786 ( EMEC); Toschi, C.A., 15♂ MEI 011781–3, 011787–8, 011790–99 ( EMEC) ; 29.IV.1962, Hurd, P.D., 1♂ MEI 011780 ( EMEC). Santa Barbara County. Goleta [34.436, -119.827] , 25.VI.1959, Campbell, C.A., 1♂ MEI 012019 ( EMEC) ; 25.VI.1959, Campbell, C.A., 1♂ MEI 012145 ( EMEC) ; 27.VI.1959, Bath, J.L., 1♀ MEI 012510 ( EMEC) ; 15.VII.1959, Steffan, W.A., sex? MEI 011826 ( EMEC); Santa Ynez [34.614, -120.079] , 12.IV.1963, Irwin , M.E., 1♀ MEI 012345 ( MEIC) ; 1.V.1910, Mann, W.M., 7♂ MEI 113552–8, 1♀ 113545 ( USNM). Ventura County. 8.1 km S Gorman, Hungry Valley [34.723, -118.852] , 1.V.1959, Powers, J.R., 1♀ MEI 012134 ( MEIC). COLORADO. Alamosa / Saguache Counties. [37.733, -105.512] , 4.V.1969, Polhemus, J.T., 1♀ MEI 157215 ( CAS). Alamosa County. Great Sand Dunes [37.751, -105.504], 2469m , 21.VI.1996, Irwin , M.E., Webb, D.W., Gaimari, S.D., Metz, M.A., Holston, K.C., 2♂ MEI 157902–3, 1♀ 085500 ( INHS), Malaise trap, 1♀ MEI 029243 ( INHS), sieved. Moffat County. 1.6 km E Maybell, Rt. 40 [40.517, -108.077] , 3.VI.1991, Welch, J., Kondratieff, B., 1♂ MEI 075511( CSUC), sand dunes. Saguache County. Indian Spring Natural Area [37.767, -105.625], 2346m , 16–21.VI.1999, Pineda, P.M., McCullum, S., 1♀ MEI 116986 ( CSUC); Brown, F.M., 1♀ MEI 038338 ( MEIC), stabilized dunes. IDAHO. Fremont County. St. Anthony [43.966, -111.681] , 12.VI.1963, Fillmore, O.O., 1♂ MEI 012587 ( WFBM) ; 24.VI.1964, Barr, W.F., 1♂ MEI 012591 ( WFBM). Lincoln County. 6.4 km E Dietrich [42.909, -114.207] , 23.V.1964, Fillmore, O.O., 1♂ MEI 012575 ( WFBM). Twin Falls County. Twin Falls [42.563, -114.46] , 29.VI.1976, Allen, A.D., 1♂ MEI 100183 ( WFBM). OREGON. Benton County. Corvallis [44.565, -123.261] , 8.VII.1931, collector?, 1♂ MEI 012692 ( MEIC). Clatsop County. Sunset Beach [46.1, -123.917] , 29.VI.1938, Gray, K., Schuh, J., 1♂ MEI 012693 ( CSUC). Douglas County. near Roseburg [43.224, -123.331] , 31.V.1983, Nidek, C., Nidek, A.V., 1♂ MEI 136246 ( ZMAN). Harney County. Stinking Lake [43.321, -119.364] , 10.V.1980, Neil, 1♂ MEI 012651 ( UOIC), sandy soil/sage. Hood River County. Hood River [45.711, -121.515] , 30.VI.1917, Melander, A.L., 4♂ MEI 113542, 113544, 113558–9, 3♀ 113538, 113540, 113543 ( USNM); Parkdale [45.52, -121.596] , 30.VI.1938, Gray, K., Schuh, J., 1♂ MEI 075518 ( CSUC). Lincoln County. Newport [44.637, -124.052] , 8.VI.1925, Van Duzee, E.P., 1♂ MEI 157251, 1♀ 157337 ( CAS); Van Dyke, E.C., 2♀ MEI 157329, 157336 ( CAS); Waldport [44.427, -124.068] , 8.VI.1925, Van Duzee, E.P., 1♂ MEI 157250 ( CAS). Multnomah County. Mountain [45.517, -122.083] , 21.VIII.1969, Fisher, E.M., Fisher, J.L., 1♂ MEI 012441 ( CSCA). UTAH. Kane County. 14.5 km E [Park] Headquarters, Hwy. 15 [37.3, -112.92] , 8.V.1988, Fisher, E.M., 2♀ MEI 070461–2 ( CSCA). Utah County. 19.3 km E Thistle [39.956, -111.271] , 11.V–11.VI.1984, Nelson, R., 1♂ MEI 133754 ( BYUC), Malaise trap. WASHINGTON. Grant County. 3.2 km S Beverly [46.825, -119.934] , 30.IV.1966, collector?, 2♂ MEI 012689–90 ( CUIC). King County. Seattle [47.606, -122.331] , 10.VII.1966, collector?, 1♂ MEI 133521 ( OSUO). Kittitas County. Cle Elum River [47.583, -122.15] , 5.VII.1932, Martin, C.H., Martin, D., 3♂ MEI 012694, 012696–7 ( OSUO); Virden [Lauderdale Junction] [47.203, -120.709] , 5.VII.1932, Martin, C.H., Martin, D., 1♂ MEI 012695 ( OSUO). Pacific County. Ilwaco [46.313, -124.034] , 19.VI.1918, Spuler, A., 1♂ MEI 101758 ( WSU); Seaview [46.333, -124.054] , 26.VI.1925, Spuler, A., 1♂ MEI 101895 ( WSU); Tokeland [46.714, -123.996], date?, collector?, 1♂ MEI 113508 ( USNM). Walla Walla County. Mill Creek , 24.VI.1921, Melander, A.L., 1♀ MEI 113557 ( USNM). Whitman County. Wawawai [46.637, -117.378] , 30.V.1911, collector?, 1♀ MEI 113549 ( USNM). Yakima County. Zillah [46.41, - 120.259] , 23.VI.1923, Melander, A.L., 1♀ MEI 113550 ( USNM). WYOMING. Sweetwater County. Little America [41.544, -109.858] , 13.VI.1962, Matthews, R.W., 1♂ MEI 134980 ( MSUC) .

Figures

FIGURES 18–25. Acrosathe otiosa. 18. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 19. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 20. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 21. Gonostylus dorsal view. 22. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 23. Aedeagus, ventral view. 24. Aedeagus, lateral view. 25. Female internal reproductive organs.

FIGURE 50–53. Distribution map. 50. Acrosathe bimaculata closed circle, Arenigena floridensis closed triangle, Litolinga tergisa open circle. 51. Acrosathe falcata closed circle, Ac. pacifica open circle. 52. Acrosathe otiosa. 53. Acrosathe vanduzeei.

FIGURES 1–8. Acrosathe bimaculata. 1. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 2. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 3. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 4. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 5. Aedeagus, ventral view. 6. Aedeagus, lateral view. 7. Female head, frontal view. 8. Female internal reproductive organs.