Trechus (Trechus) gongshanensis Deuve and Liang, 2016

Deuve, Thierry, Kavanaugh, David H. & Liang, Hongbin, 2016, Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (12), pp. 341-455 : 400-403

Trechus (Trechus) gongshanensis Deuve and Liang , sp. nov.

( Figs. 16c , 23 , 38a , 39a, 39b , 40a , 46–48 )

TYPE MATERIAL.— Holotype, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1001929”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan Province, Gaoligong Shan, Nujiang Prefecture, Nujiang State Nature Reserve , Dulong / Gongshan Yakou area , 21 airkm W of Gongshan,”/ “ N27.69655° / E98.45389°, 3300-3680 m, 16-17 July 2000, Stop#00-24C, D.H. Kavanaugh , C.E. Griswold, Liang H.-B., D. Ubick, & Dong D.-Z. collectors”/ “ HOLOTYPE Trechus gongshanensis Deuve & Liang , sp. nov. designated 2016” [red label] . Paratypes (a total of 51): 1 male and 4 females (in CAS, IOZ) labeled: same as holotype, except first label “CASENT 1001928” and “CASENT 1001930” to “CASENT 1001932” and “CASENT 1008148”, respectively ; 8 males and 4 females (in CAS, IOZ) labeled: “CASENT 1010348” to “CASENT 1010355” and “CASENT 1010356” to “CASENT 1010359”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Cikai Township , 52.6 km W of Gongshan on Dulong Valley Road, 3360-3380 m,”/ “ N27.77032° / E98.44661°, 3360-3380 m, 1-2 October 2002, D.H. Kavanaugh & P.E. Marek collectors” ; 1 female (in IOZ) labeled: “CASENT 1024869”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan , on slope NE of Chukuai Lake, 3950 m,”/ “ N27.98206° / E98.48027°, 20 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-086 Y. Liu, P. Hu, D.Z. Dong & J. Wang collectors” ; 1 male (in CAS) labeled: “CASENT 1025105”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan , 0.4 km NW of Chukuai Lake,”/ “ N27.98231° / E98.47069°, 3808 m, 21 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-094 D.Z. Dong collector”/ 2 males and 2 females (in CAS, IOZ) labeled: “CASENT 1025164” to “CASENT 1025165” and “CASENT 1025162” to “CASENT 1025163”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County , Bingzhongluo Township , SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan, 0.75 km NW of Chukuai Lake,”/ “ N27.98631° / E98.47069°, 3820 m, 21 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-095 Y. Liu, P. Hu, & J. Wang collectors” ; 1 male and 2 females (in CAS, IOZ) labeled: “CASENT 1025833” and “CASENT 1025834” to “CASENT 1025835”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan , 0.3 km SW of Chukuai Lake at campsite,”/ “ N27.98631° / E98.47069°, 3820 m, 21 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-082 Y. Liu collector” ; 1 female (in IOZ) labeled: “CASENT 1025920”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan at Chukuai Lake , 3720 m,”/ “ N27.98121° / E98.47580°, 19 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-095B D.H. Kavanaugh , J.A. Miller, D.Z. Dong, Y. Liu, P. Hu, & J. Wang collectors” ; 1 female (in CAS) labeled: “CASENT 1025939”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan , 0.3 km SW of Chukuai Lake at campsite, N27.97686° / E98.47799°,”/ “ 3750 m, 19 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-095C D.H. Kavanaugh , J.A. Miller, D.Z. Dong, Y. Liu, P. Hu, & J. Wang collectors” ; 4 males and 2 females (in CAS, IOZ) labeled: “CASENT 1026196” to “CASENT 1026199” and “CASENT 1026200” to “CASENT 1026201”, respectively/ / “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan , 0.3 km NNE of Chukuai Lake, N27.98393° / E98.47491°,”/ “ 3745 m, 19 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-081 D.H. Kavanaugh , J.A. Miller, & D.Z. Dong collectors” ; 3 males (in CAS, IOZ) labeled: “CASENT 1026320” to “CASENT 1026322”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Cikai Township , 0.1 km SE of Heipu Yakou in valley below tunnel, N27.76978° / E98.44681°,”/ “ 3720 m, 13 August 2006, Stop #DHK-2006-073 D.H. Kavanaugh & J.A. Miller collectors” ; 1 male (in CAS) labeled: “CASENT 1026366”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan at Chukuai Lake , 3720 m,”/ “ N27.98121° / E98.47580°, 19 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-080 D.H. Kavanaugh & J.A. Miller collectors” ; 8 males and 5 females (in CAS, IOZ, MNHN) labeled: “CASENT 10263824” to “CASENT 10263831” and “CASENT 10263819” to “CASENT 10263823”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan at Chukuai Lake , 3720 m,”/ “ N27.98121° / E98.47580°, 18 August 2006 Stop #DHK-2006-079 D.H. Kavanaugh , J.A. Miller, D.Z. Dong, & Y. Liu collectors”. All paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE Trechus gongshanensis Deuve & Liang , sp. nov. designated 2016” [yellow label] .

TYPE LOCALITY.— China, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Dongshaofang area , N27.69655° / E95.45389°, 3300-3600 m .

DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet, gongshanensis , is derived from the name of the county, Gongshan, in which all specimens of the type series were collected, and the Latin suffix, -ensis, denoting place.

DIAGNOSIS.— Adults of this species ( Fig. 23a ) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size small (BL = 3.3 to 3.5 mm), apterous; body color dark piceous, elytra slightly reddish near sutural and lateral margins; tempora glabrous and only slightly convex; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.45), basal angles acute and sharp; elytra convex, discal striae 1 to 3 or 4 finely impressed, striae 6 to 8 effaced, recurrent stria joined anteriorly with apex of stria 7, two discal setae present on interval 3 next to stria 3, preapical seta present and inserted in a discal, forward position near apical one-fourth of elytra on interval 3, near stria 2 in most individuals, nearer to stria 3 in a few; aedeagus of male with base robust, apical lamella elongate with apex blunt, endophallus with a slightly sclerotized scaly area.

DESCRIPTION.— Size small, BL = 3.3 to 3.5 mm. Body color dark piceous and shiny, elytra slightly reddish near sutural and lateral margins, appendages paler reddish yellow, palpi paler yellow. Body surface smooth, head capsule faintly alutaceous.

Head. Moderate in size, eyes moderately convex, their diameter only slightly longer than length of tempora, the latter glabrous and only slightly convex. Frontal furrows deep, rounded, slightly attenuated posteriorly but prolonged posterior to the eyes. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, apical margin distinctly concave. Right mandible as in Fig. 16c . Mentum and submentum not fused but nearly so, suture between them very fine and only faintly impressed. Mentum with medial area concave, median tooth short, apically bifid, less than half as long as lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly, swollen anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae short, extended posteriorly to basal one-fifth of elytra, with about 2 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomere 2 or 4.

Pronotum. Transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.45), widest at anterior one-third, narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins rounded, then abruptly sinuate just anterior to basal angles, the latter acute, sharp and slightly projected laterally. Disc convex, smooth, median longitudinal impression finely impressed but prolonged to the basal margin, slightly widened and deepened in the median basal area, the latter also with several faint longitudinal rugulae and delimited anteriorly by an arcuate posterior transverse impression that is partially effaced medially. Basal foveae distinct but smooth. Basal margin nearly rectilinear. Lateral margination slender throughout and narrowly reflexed, lateral grooves distinctly impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted slightly anterior to apex of basal angle.

Elytra. Ovoid, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex, with striae 1 to 3 or 4 finely impressed, the more lateral striae successively more faintly impressed, striae 7 and 8 effaced, striae slightly and irregularly punctate. Parascutellar striole rudimentary. Recurrent stria distinct, moderately deep, terminated at the posterior end of stria 7. Basal setiferous pore present at common origin of striae 1 and 2. Two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, one at anterior one-fourth and one near middle of elytra. Preapical seta present and inserted in a prediscal position on interval 3, closer to stria 2 than 3 in most specimens (closer to stria 3 in a few) in forward position at apical one-fourth of elytra.

Legs. Relatively short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed.

Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs.

Male aedeagus. ( Fig. 23b ). Median lobe with basal bulb robust and with a thick sagittal aileron; apical lamella elongate, slightly tapered, with apex blunt. Endophallus nearly unarmed, with only a faintly sclerotized scaly area.

HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Members of this species have been found in a variety of microhabitats in the alpine zone at elevations ranging from 3360 to 3950 m. Specimens were collected from under stones in moist meadows, on tundra slopes and ridges with sparse to thick herbaceous vegetation ( Fig. 38a , 39b , 40a ) and at the edges of small streams and seeps from talus slopes ( Fig. 39a ). They were also collected in pitfall traps placed at the edges of Rhododendron thickets up to two meters tall. Members of this species have been found syntopic with specimens of Queinnectrechus (Gaoligongtrechus) balli , Queinnectrechus (s. str.) griswoldi , Queinnectrechus (s. str.) gongshanicus , and Trechus qiqiensis at one or more sites.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE GAOLIGONG SHAN.— Fig. 23c . We examined a total of 52 specimens (22 males and 30 females), all from Bingzhiongluo and Cikai Townships in Gongshan County on the crest and eastern slope of the northern part of the Gaoligong Shan (see Type material above for exact collection data). These localities are all in Core Area 2 .

OVERALL GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— This species currently is known only from Gongshan County in the northern part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western Yunnan Province, China.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Trechine right mandibles, ventral aspect. a. Agonotrechus xiaoheishan sp. nov. b. Trechus indicus Putzeys with dentition enlarged. c. Trechus gongshanensis sp. nov. d. Trechus shibalicus sp. nov. e. Pseudepaphius gonggaicus Deuve with dentition enlarged (China, Sichuan Province, Moxi Township, NE slope of Gongga Shan). f. Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa sp. nov. with dentition enlarged. g. Epaphiotrechus fortipesoides sp. nov. with dentition enlarged. h. Trechepaphiama gaoligong sp. nov. Scale lines = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 23. Trechus gongshanensis sp. nov.; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1001929). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1001929, left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality record s(red circles) for T. gongshanensis in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km.

FIGURE 38. Photographs of habitats for trechine species in the Gaoligong Shan region. a. Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan 0.3 km SW of Chukuai Lake, elevation 3750 m; habitat in which specimens of Queinnectrechus griswoldi sp. nov. and Trechus gongshanicus sp. nov. were collected. b. same area, but habitat in which specimens of Queinnectrechus griswoldi sp. nov. and Trechepaphiopsis monochaeta sp. nov. were collected. Photos by David H. Kavanaugh.

FIGURE 39. Photographs of habitats for trechine species in the Gaoligong Shan region. a. Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan, 0.3 km NNE of Chukuai Lake, elevation 3745 m; habitat in which specimens of Queinnectrechus gongshanicus sp. nov., Q. balli sp. nov. and Trechus gongshanensis sp. nov. were collected. b. Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan on slope NE of Chukuai Lake, elevation 3950 m; habitat in which specimens of Queinnectrechus griswoldi sp. nov. and Trechus gongshanensis sp. nov. were collected. Photos by David H. Kavanaugh.

FIGURE 40. Photographs of habitats for trechine species in the Gaoligong Shan region. a. Gongshan County, 21 air km W of Cikai on east slope of Qiqi/Dulong divide, elevation 3600 m; habitat in which specimens of Queinnectrechus balli sp. nov. and Trechus gongshanensis sp. nov. were collected. b. Fugong County, Shiyueliang Township, 8.5 km above Shibali on Shibali Road, elevation 3100 m; habitat in which specimens of Trechus shiyueliang sp. nov., T. shibalicus sp. nov., Trechepaphiopsis unisetulosa sp. nov. and T. unipilosa sp. nov. were collected. Photos by David H. Kavanaugh.

FIGURE 46. Chart showing the representation of trechine species in project-designated Core Areas (see Fig. 3) in the Gaoligong Shan region.

FIGURE 47. Chart illustrating the altitudinal ranges of trechine species represented in the Gaoligong Shan region.

FIGURE. 48. Chart illustrating the co-occurence (syntopy) of trechine species in samples from the same habitats and at the same sites in the Gaoligong Shan region.