Temnostethus Fieber, 1860

Yamada, Kazutaka & Yasunaga, Tomohide, 2021, The tribe Anthocorini in Japan (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae): descriptions of new species, review of distribution and bionomics, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2), pp. 375-426 : 378-379

Genus Temnostethus Fieber, 1860

Temnostethus Fieber, 1860: 263 . Type species by subsequent designation (KංඋKൺඅൽඒ 1906: 120): Anthocoris pusillus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835 .

Ectemnus Fieber, 1860: 264 (as genus; downgraded to valid subgenus by Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1972:84). Type species by monotypy: Anthocoris reduvinus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850 .

Tmetostethus T. A. Marshall, 1868: 281 . Unnecessary new name.

Stethotomus T. A. Marshall, 1868: 281 . Unnecessary new name.

Montandoniella Puton, 1888: 255 (as genus; downgraded to valid subgenus by Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1972: 81). Type species by monotypy: Montandoniella dacica Puton, 1888 .

Temnostethus (selected references): Fංൾൻൾඋ (1861): 38, 136 (in key, redescription); Rൾඎඍൾඋ (1875): 64 (in key); Rൾඎඍൾඋ (1884): 55, 60 (in key, redescription); Pඈඉඉංඎඌ (1909): 27 (in key); SඍංർHൾඅ (1958): 12 (in key); SඍංർHൾඅ (1960): 356 (catalogue, fauna of Palaearctic); KൾඋඓHඇൾඋ (1964): 696–697 (in key, diagnosis); Cൺඋൺඒඈඇ (1972): 345 (listed); Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ (1972): 78–79 (in key, redescription, fauna of W. Palaearctic); HൾඋඋංඇG (1976): 145–146 (figure, in key); Eඅඈඏ (1976): 369 (in key); Kൾඅඍඈඇ (1978): 17–18 (in key, redescription, fauna of Canada and Alaska); Fඈඋൽ (1979): 58 (check list of the world); Öඇൽൾඋ (1982): 28, 59 (in key, redescription,fauna of Turkey); Hൾඇඋඒ (1988): 16 (catalogue, N. America); KൾඋඓHඇൾඋ (1988): 770, 772 (in key, note); Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ (1996): 118 (catalogue, Palaearctic); Bඎ & ZHൾඇG (2001): 108, 166 (in key, redescription, fauna of China); YൺඌඎඇൺGൺ (2001b): 282 (diagnosis, fauna of Japan); WൺർHආൺඇඇ et al. (2006): 199 (diagnosis, habitat); Hඈඋඍඈඇ (2008): 2403 (listed); Fൺඅൺආൺඋඓං et al. (2009): 36 (in key).

Diagnosis. Distinguished from other genera of Anthocorini by the combination of the following characters: body shiny, almost glabrous; head longer than width across eyes, covered with short setae; eyes small; labium usually extending to mesocoxae; lateral margin of pronotum notched at the border of collar and callus; collar well developed; callus swollen, finely sculptured; metasternum apically truncate or weakly rounded; metacoxae widely separated from each other; ostiolar peritreme ( Figs 2A–B ) protruding, directed transversely toward the outer margin of metapleuron and almost truncated or obtuse at its apex.

Remarks. Temnostethus currently contains 11 species and three subspecies and is widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (cf. Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1996, Bൺඅඅൺඅ et al. 2018). The species with the widest distribution, T. gracilis Horváth, 1907 , is also present in the Nearctic Region (Hൾඇඋඒ 1988). DඋൺKൾ & Hൺඋඋංඌ (1926) described T. fastigiatus from California, U.S.A. as the first American record of Temnostethus ; later, this species was synonymized with Elatophilus dimidiatus (Van Duzee, 1921) by Lൺඍඍංඇ (2001). Three subgenera, Ectemnus Fieber, 1860 , Montandoniella Puton, 1888 , and Temnostethus s. str., are included in this genus (Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1972). Wing polymorphism in Temnostethus appears to be common, and at least eight polymorphic species are known (WൺGඇൾඋ 1940, Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1972).

Species of Temnostethus generally occur on broad- -leaved trees and are often found on mosses and lichens that cover the bark, branches, and twigs (Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1972). Temnostethus wichmanni Wagner, 1961 , occurs only on the conifer Picea species (Pinaceae) in central Europe (Pඣඋංർൺඋඍ 1972).

Figures

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of diagnostic characters of Japanese anthocorids. A – Temnostethus distans Kerzhner, 1973, female; B, D – T. mirificus sp. nov., female (B) and male (D), paratypes; C – Elatophilus nipponensis Hiura, 1966, female. A–C – ostiolar peritreme and evaporatorium, left lateroventral view; D – pygophore with paramere, lateral view. Abbreviations: eva ‒ evaporatorium; mf ‒ median furrow; op ‒ ostiolar peritreme; prm ‒ paramere; pyg ‒ pygophore.