Cosmopolitodus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1838 )

Hovestadt, Dirk C. & Da Silva, Carlos M., 2025, A new chondrichthyan (Sharks and Rays) Fossil Assemblage from the Miocene Cacela Fm. at Albufeira (Algarve, Portugal) with two new species: Palaeoecology and Biogeography, Zootaxa 5724 (1), pp. 1-66 : 12-13

Cosmopolitodus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1838)

Plate 1, Figs 5 –9

* Oxyrhina hastalis Agassiz, 1838 : pl. 34, figs 3, 5, 13, 16 (figs 4, 7, 12, 15).

Oxyrhina hastalis Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Probst 1879: 129, pl. 2, figs 1–6.

Alopecias gigas Probst, 1879: 141 , pl. 2, figs 69–75.

Oxyrhina hastalis L. Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Leriche 1926: 399, text-figs 182–185, pl. 31, figs 1–30, pl. 32, figs 1–25.

Oxyrhina hastalis Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Leriche 1927: 71, pl. 11, figs 1–7.

Oxyrhina hastalis Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]—Leriche 1942: 69, pl. 5, figs 11–20.

Isurus ( Oxyrhina) desori (Sismonda) — Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950: 329, pl. 1, figs 31–33.

Isurus oxyrhynchus Rafinesque— Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950: 335 , pl. 1, figs 34, 35.

Isurus cf. desori (Agassiz) Sismonda— Serralheiro 1954: 46 , pl. 1, figs 11, 12.

Isurus hastalis (Agassiz) var. escheri Agassiz [ sic]— Serralheiro 1954: 48, pl. 1, figs 13–13a.

? Isurus oxyrhynchus Rafinesque— Serralheiro 1954: 49 , pl. 1, figs 17, 18.

? Isurus retroflexus (Agassiz) — Serralheiro 1954: 50, pl. 1, figs 19, 20.

Oxyrhina hastalis Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Leriche & Signeux 1957: 27, pl. 2, figs 1–8.

Isurus hastalis trigonodon ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])—Krukow 1960: 58, figs 5–10.

Oxyrhina hastalis Ag. var. lusitanica Jonet, 1964: 36 , pl. 1, figs 1–6, pl. 2, figs 1–6.

Oxyrhina hastalis Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Radwanski 1965: 269, pl. 1, fig. 3.

Oxyrhina hastalis Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Schultz 1968: 77, pl. 2, figs 27–34 (not 36).

Oxyrhina cf. benedeni Le Hon, 1871 — Schultz 1968: 81, pl. 2, figs 37–38.

Isurus cf. oxyrhinchus Rafinesque, 1810 — Antunes & Jonet 1970: 137, pl. 6, figs 14–18, not pl. 6, figs 19–21, not pl. 7, figs 22, 24. Oxyrhina hastalis Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Cappetta 1970: 18, pl. 5 figs 1–13.

Oxyrhina hastalis hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Schultz 1971: 321, pl. 2, figs 12–14.

Oxyrhina hastalis hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])—Schultz in Brzobohatý & Schultz 1973: 666, pl. 3, figs 13–14.

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Van den Bosch et al. 1975: 160, pl. 20, fig. 16, pl. 21, figs 14–18, pl. 22, figs 4–9, pl. 1–4,12–13.

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843) — De Ceuster 1976: 128, pl. 1, figs 24–31, pl. 2, figs 1–17, pl. 3, figs 1–6, pl. 7, figs 8–11. Isurus oxyrhinchus Rafinésque, 1810 — Jonet et al. 1975: 202, Pl. 1, fig. 15.

Isurus hastalis (Agassiz) — Jonet 1978: 26, pl. 1, fig. 5.

Isurus hastalis hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Menzel 1979: 106, pl. 9, figs 4a, b.

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Nolf 1986: pl. 55, figs 1–7.

Macrorhizodus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Lienau 1987: 23, pl. 1, figs 1–4, pl. 2, figs 1–3.

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Holec et al. 1995: 42, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Isurus desori Sismonda, 1849 [ sic]— Balbino 1995: 55, pl. 6, figs 24.

Isurus hastalis Agassiz, 1843 [ sic]— Balbino 1995: 56, pl. 6, figs 5–6, pl. 7, fig. 1.

Isurus oxyrhinchus Rafinesque, 1810 — Mañé et al. 1996: 25, fig. 18.

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 b [ sic])— Moths 1998: 55, pl. 7, figs 1–3, pl. 8, figs 1–2.

Isurus sp. — Moths 1998: 55, pl. 6, figs 1–2.

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843) [ sic]— Müller 1999: 41, pl. 4, fig. 1.4.

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1838) — Purdy et al. 2001: 116, fig. 27.

Cosmopolitodus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Ward & Bonavia 2001: 134.

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Antunes & Balbino 2003: 143, pl. 3, figs 5–6, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Isurus desori Sismonda, 1849 [ sic]— Antunes & Balbino 2003: 143, pl. 3, figs 3–4 (not 2–4; lapsus).

Isurus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Kocsis 2007: 34, figs 5.7–5.8.

Cosmopolitodus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1838) — Reinecke & Wienrich 2009: 975. pl. 181, fig. 1.

Cosmopolitodus hastalis (Agassiz, 1833 [ sic])— Ávila et al. 2012: 177, fig. 5.

Cosmopolitodus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Cappetta 2012: 216, figs 102a–p.

Cosmopolitodus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1843 [ sic])— Schultz 2013: 43, pl. 4, figs 17, 21, 22a, b ( cum syn.).

Material. 38 isolated teeth. NHMW 2025 /0177/0013 ( 5 specimens) .

Description. The first tooth ( Pl. 1, figs 5a, b) is an upper lateral tooth with a relatively high, slightly curved principal cusp and convex mesial and distal cutting edges. The root is divided into two slightly curving root lobes by a shallow median groove. The second tooth ( Pl. 1, figs 6a, b) is an upper lateral tooth that has a lower principal cusp that is slightly constricted at a quarter of its height. The root is divided into two slightly curved root lobes by a shallow median groove. The third tooth ( Pl. 1, figs 7a, b) is a lower anterior tooth with a relatively high principal cusp that is twice as high as its base width and has concave mesial and distal cutting edges. The root is divided into two root lobes by a shallow median groove and diverge at an angle of 90°. The fourth and fifth tooth ( Pl. 1, figs 8, 9) are lower commissural teeth that possess a relatively low principal cusp that is strongly constricted just above its base. The root is divided into two root lobes by a shallow median groove that diverges at an angle of 110 to 120°.

Discussion. After a long history of discussion as to which genus this species should be assigned, we follow the authors Ward & Bonavia (2001), Reinecke & Wienrich (2009), Avila et al. (2018), Cappetta (2012) and Schultz (2013), and accept the name Cosmopolitodus hastalis ( Agassiz, 1838) .

Distribution. Miocene, widely distributed in the western Atlantic and along the eastern Atlantic Frontage of Europe, the North Sea and in the Paratethys and the Proto-Mediterranean ( Müller 1999; Schultz 2013). Survives into the mid-Pliocene in Mediterranean ( Cappetta 1987), as well as the Gulf Coastal Plain of the USA ( Ebersole et al. 2017).

Distribution in Portugal. Lower Miocene: (Burdigalian) Lower Tagus Basin ( Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950; Serralheiro 1954). Middle Miocene: (Langhian-Serravallian) Lower Tagus Basin ( Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950; Serralheir 1954). Upper Miocene: (Tortonian) Lower Tagus Basin ( Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950; Serralheiro 1954; Antunes & Jonet 1970), Algarve Basin, Cacela Fm. (this paper); (Messinian) Alvalade Basin, Esbarrondadoiro Fm. ( Balbino 1995; Antunes & Balbino 2003). Lower Pliocene: Santa Maria Island, Azores ( Zbyszewski & Almeida 1950; Ávila et al. 2012).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Taxa identified in the bulk sample assemblage with their absolute and relative abundances within the sample. Out of a total of 431 chondrichthyan remains collected, 319 were identified.Taxa in bold, together, represent 55.5% of the assemblage. They are the most representative ones for palaeoecological interpretation as, presumably, they were the most abundant species in the chondrichthyan coastal fauna of this region of southwestern Iberia during the Late Miocene Tortonian. Specimens identified in the bulk sample: 319. Total number of specimens examined (search + bulk sample): 2579.