Trachusa Panzer, 1804

Niu, Ze-Qing, Ascher, John S., Orr, Michael C., Griswold, Terry & Zhu, Chao-Dong, 2019, Overview of the bee genus Trachusa Panzer, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea Megachilidae: Anthidiini) from China with description of three new species, Zootaxa 4646 (2), pp. 251-270 : 252-253

Trachusa Panzer, 1804

Trachusa (Archianthidium) : Archianthidium Mavromoustakis, 1939: 91. Type species: Anthidium laticeps Morawitz, 1874 , by original designation.

Trachusab (Congotrachusa): Trachusa (Congotrachusa) Pasteels, 1969: 24 . Type species: Anthidium schoutedeni Vachal, 1910 , by original designation.

Trachusa (Heteranthidium) : Anthidium (Heteranthidium) Cockerell, 1904: 292 . Type species: Anthidium dorsale Lepeletier, 1841 , by original designation.

Trachusa (Legnanthidium) : Trachusa (Legnanthidium) Griswold & Michener, 1988: 27 . Type species: Anthidium ridingsii Cresson, 1878 , by original designation.

Trachusa (Metatrachusa) : Trachusa (Metatrachusa) Pasteels, 1969: 22 . Type species: Anthidium pendleburyi Cockerell, 1927 , by original designation.

Trachusa (Orthanthidium) : Paraanthidium (Orthanthidium) Mavromoustakis, 1953: 837 . Type species: Anthidium formosanum Friese, 1917 , by original designation.

Trachusa (Paranthidium) : Anthidium (Paraanthidium) Friese, 1898: 101 . Type species: Apis interrupta Fabricius, 1781 , by designation of Cockerell, 1909: 269.

Trachusa (Trachusa) : Trachusa Panzer s. str., 1804: expl. pl. 14–15. Type species: Trachusa serratulae Panzer, 1804 = Apis byssina Panzer, 1798 , by designation of Sandhouse, 1943: 605.

Trachusa (Trachusomimus) : Trachusomimus Popov, 1964: 406. Type species: Trachusa perdita Cockerell, 1904 , by original designation.

Trachusa (Ulanthidium) : Ulanthidium Michener, 1948: 13 . Type species: Ulanthidium mitchelli Michener, 1948 , by original designation.

Diagnosis: The genus Trachusa Panzer, 1804 consists of moderate-sized to large megachiliform anthidiine bees, the body length of which varies from 8.5 mm to 20 mm. A carina on the pronotal lobe and the omaulus is often absent, but if present may take the form of a lamella ( Kasparek, 2017). The posterior part of the head is well-developed, thus the OOD (ocellocular distance) is shorter than the OCD (ocelloccipital distance) except equal in the subgenus Metatrachusa . The anterior of the median ocellus is closer to the antennal bases than to the posterior margin of the vertex (Grisword & Michener, 1988). The middle tibia is broad, usually nearly as broad as the hind tibia, and both the anterior and posterior margins of the middle tibia are convex. Despite these convexities, the middle tibia is sometimes distinctly narrower than the hind tibia ( Michener, 2007). Fore- and mid-tibial spines are produced as blunt, obtuse projections that extend along the tibial surface as carinae ( Griswold & Michener, 1988). Vein cu-v of the hind wing is oblique and usually nearly half as long as the second abscissa of M+Cu or longer ( Kasparek, 2017). Arolia between the claws are usually present but sometimes greatly reduced or absent ( Kasparek, 2017). Black combs on the underside of S4 and S5 of the male are present in some species ( Kasparek, 2017). The male T7 is small and curved under the abdomen so that the dorsal surface faces ventrally ( Michener, 2007). Females typically have four mandibular teeth but sometimes three, or five, six or seven ( Michener, 2007). The number of segments in the maxillary palpus is four or reduced to three ( Kasparek, 2017).