Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219

Ulysséa, Mônica Antunes, Prado, Lívia P. & Brandão, Carlos Roberto F., 2015, Type specimens of the traditional Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ant tribes deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil: Adelomyrmecini, Basicerotini, Blepharidatt ini, Crematogastrini, Formicoxenini, Lenomyrmecini, Myrmicini, Phalacromyrmecini, Pheidolini, Stegomyrmecini, Stenammini and Tetramoriini, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 55 (12), pp. 175-204 : 187-190

Genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839: 219

Pheidole anastasii var. sospes Forel, 1908: 381 . Syntypes: 3S 4W, [ BRAZIL, São Paulo], Ypiranga[Ipiranga], #5571. One soldier only with postpetiole and gaster. Raised to species and senior synonym of Pheidole minutissima Kusnezov, 1952b: 78 by Wilson, 2003: 509.

Pheidole angusta Forel, 1908: 373 . Syntypes: 12S 10W, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], Raiz da Serra, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], 15.x.1906, MP #11.228, MP #5635. Two soldiers missing A1; one soldier missing A2; one worker missing A1 funiculus; one worker missing gaster; one soldier and one worker lost. Senior synonym of Pheidole idulis Forel, 1912b: 235 by Wilson, 2003: 167 .

Pheidole arcifera Santschi, 1925b: 226 . Syntype [Lectotype]:1S, Syntypes [Paralectotypes]: 2S 2W, [ BRAZIL], M[inas] G[erais], Pirapora , [E.] Garbe [leg.], MP #20.659 . Lectotype missing L2; workers missing A1; one soldier only with postpetiole and gaster.

Pheidole bigote Longino, 2009: 13 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, MEXICO, Chiapas, Playón de la Gloria, 16.15149°N 90.89689°W ± 16 m, 25.vi.2008, J. Longino # 6396, 170 m, Wet Forest , nest in clay bank.

Pheidole borgmeieri Kempf, 1972: 461 . Holotype: 1S, Paratypes: 3S 8W, [ BRAZIL], SP[São Paulo], Juquitiba, BR-2[116] km 76 [São Paulo-Curitiba road], 01.x.1961, W.W. Kempf [leg., Coll. Kempf] #4737, [taken from sifted leaf-mold in woodland]. 1S 2W, [ BRAZIL], SP[São Paulo], Juquitiba, BR-2[116] [São Paulo-Curitiba road], 07.viii.1960 [original publication says “ 08. viii.1960 ”], W.W. Kempf [leg., Coll. Kempf] #6977. 1S, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] Paulo , [Serra da] Cantareira , 20.viii.1958, K. Lenko col., # 584. 10W, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] Paulo , [Serra da] Cantareira, 20.viii.1958, K. Lenko col. , # 583. 11S 9W, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] Paulo , [Serra da] Cantareira, 20.viii.1958, K. Lenko col. , #634.

Pheidole branstetteri Longino, 2009: 17 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, MEXICO, Chiapas, Nahá, 16.97978°N 91.58544°W, 12.vi.2008, LLAMA #Ba-A-07-3-04-05, 860 m, Mesophil Forest , at bait. Missing L 1 tibia, L3 tarsi.

Pheidole camptostela Kempf, 1972: 457 . Holotype: 1S, Paratypes: 3S 2W, [ BRAZIL], MT [Mato Grosso], Utiariti, Rio Papagaio , 12.xi.1966, [K.] Lenko & Pereira [leg.], DZSP #4969 . 8S 4W, [ BRAZIL], MT [Mato Grosso], Utiariti, Rio Papagaio , 27.x.1966, [K.] Lenko & Pereira [leg.], DZSP #4745 .

Pheidole carinote Longino, 2009: 20 . Paratypes: 1S, COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, 10 km, SW[Southwest], Pto. [Puerto] Jimenez , 8.46553°N 83.36928°W ± 30 m, 12.iii.2008, J. Longino #6197-s, 240 m, CASENT0601695. Postpetiole and gaster disarticulated. 1W, COS- TA RICA, Puntarenas, 13 km SSW[Southsouthwest], Pto. [Puerto] Jimenez , 8.40667°N 83.328333°W ± 200 m, 10.iii.2008 , J. Longino #6207-s, 130 m.

Pheidole clydei Gregg, 1950: 89 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, [ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA], Cali [fornia], Split Montain, 500’[feet], Anza- [Borrego] Desert St [ate] P[ar]k, 19.iv.1952, W.S. Creighton, received from Dr. R. Gregg 01.x.1954, Coll. Kempf. Soldier missing L1 tarsi.

Pheidole cocciphaga Borgmeier, 1934: 99 . Syntypes: 3G 2S 2W, SURINAM, Paramaribo, 1932, [G.H.] Buenali[Bünzli leg.], nº 15, Coll. Borgm. #5460.

Pheidole coffeicola Borgmeier, 1934: 98 . Lectotype: 1S, Syntypes [Paralectotypes]: 3G 5S 4W, SURINAM, Paramaribo, 1932, [G.H.] Buenzli[Bünzli leg.], nº 3, [Coll. Borgm.] #5459. Paralectotypes: one soldier missing A2; one soldier only with postpetiole and gaster; one soldier missing A1 funiculus; one worker missing A2.

Pheidole cramptoni W.M. Wheeler, 1916a: 4 . Cotypes[Syntypes]: 3W, B.G.[ GUYANA], Kartabo, vii-viii.1920, W.M. Wheeler collection, #22813. Senior synonym of Pheidole petiolicola W.M. Wheeler, 1921: 147 by Kempf & Brown, 1968: 97.

Pheidole dinophila Wilson, 2003: 408 . Holotype: 1S, Paratypes: 2M 2W, BRASIL, M[ato Grosso do] S[ul], Campo Grande , 10 km E[ast, C.R.F.] Brandão & [C.G.] Froehlich [leg.], ex ninho Dinoponera australis . Paratypes: one male missing postpetiole, gaster. Paratypes: 1G 2M 6S 3W, BRASIL, S[ão] P[aulo], Itirapina, 10.vi.1993, R. Paiva col. Dealated gyne missing L3; one soldier missing A1, A2, petiole, postpetiole, gaster.

Pheidole dyctiota Kempf, 1972: 451 . Holotype: 1S, Paratypes:3G 15S 10W, BRASILIEN[ BRAZIL], Nova Teutônia, 22°11’B 52°23’L, Fritz Plaumann [leg.], viii.1959, [Coll. Kempf] #3729. Dealated gynes. 1G 1S, BRASILIEN[ BRAZIL], Nova Teutônia, 22°11’B 52°23’L, Fritz Plaumann [leg.], 04.v.1963, [Coll. Kempf] #3714. Dealated gyne missing head. 1G 1S, BRASILIEN[ BRAZIL], Nova Teutônia, 22°11’B 52°23’L, Fritz Plaumann [leg.], i.1963, [Coll. Kempf] #3741. Dealated gyne. 1S 1W, BRASILIEN[ BRAZIL], Nova Teutônia, 22°11’B 52°23’L, Fritz Plaumann [leg.], i.1957. 1S, BRASILIEN[ BRAZIL], Nova Teutônia, 22°11’B 52°23’L, Fritz Plaumann [leg.], x.1957. 1G 1S, [ BRAZIL, São Paulo], Grande SP [São Paulo], Serra dos Agudos, xi.1963, F. Plaumann [leg.], WWK[Coll. Kempf] #3938. Dealated gyne. 1W, [ BRAZIL, São Paulo], Grande SP [São Paulo], Serra dos Agudos, xi.1963, F. Plaumann [leg.], WWK[Coll. Kempf] #3936. 1G 1S, BRASIL, D. Federal [Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro], Floresta da Tijuca , 16.xii.1959, C.A. Campos Seabra [leg.], Coleção Campos Seabra. Dealated gyne.

Pheidole eidmanni Menozzi, 1926: 69 . Cotypes[Syntypes]: 2W, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], Mogi das Cruzes, 1926, Escherich [leg.], Coll. Borgm. #4254.

Pheidole embolopyx Brown, 1968: 332 . Paratypes: 1G 2S 1W, BRAZIL, Amazonas , Manaus, Itacoatiara, km 50, 24.viii.1962, M-60, W.L. Brown [leg.]. Dealated gyne missing A1, L2, L3, and L4 tarsi.

Pheidole eowilsoni Longino, 2009: 26 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Ref.[Casa] Eladio, Peñas Blancas, 10.31667°N 84.71667°W ± 2000 m, 02.iii.2008, J. Longino # 6149, 800 m, Wet Forest , stream edge, nest in clay bank.

Pheidole epiphyta Longino, 2009: 29 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Ref.[Casa] Eladio, Peñas Blancas, 10.31667°N 84.71667°W ± 2000 m, 03.iii.2004, J. Longino # 5284, 800 m, Wet Forest , nest under epiphytes.

Pheidole flavens st. breviseta Santschi, 1919: 39 . Paratypes: 2W, [ ARGENTINA], Córdoba, [Alta Garcia], [C.] Bruch [leg.], #3849. Raised to species by Santschi, 1923b: 60.

Pheidole fossimandibula Longino, 2009: 33 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Ref. [Casa] Eladio, Peñas Blancas, 10.31667°N 84.71667°W ± 2000 m, 03.iii.2008, J. Longino # 6156, 800 m, Wet Forest , nest in soil.

Pheidole genalis Borgmeier, 1929: 199 . Syntypes: 1S 2W, [ BRAZIL], M[inas] G[erais], Varginha, 10.iv.1927, T. Borgmeier [leg.], Coll. Borgm. #1474, [original publication says “erdnest” (nest in soil)]. Junior synonym of Pheidole oxyops Forel, 1908: 377 by Kempf, 1964: 58.

Pheidole gibba var. lopesi Borgmeier, 1937: 233 . Syntypes: 6S 6W, [ BRAZIL], DF[Rio de Janeiro], Rio de Janeiro, [Corcovado], viii.1935 [1936], H.S. Lopes [leg., original publication says “em pão podre” (in rotten bread)], Coll. Borgm. #5764. One soldier only with petiole, postpetiole and gaster; one worker with disarticulated head. Junior synonym of Pheidole gibba Mayr, 1887: 590 by Kempf, 1972: 455.

Pheidoleguilelmimuelleri subsp. bucculenta Forel, 1908: 379 . Syntypes: 3S 6W, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo, Santo André], Alto da Serra[Paranapiacaba], 1906, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], #5616. Raised to species by Wilson, 2003: 670.

Pheidole gymnoceras Longino, 2009: 34 . Paratype: 1W, COSTA RICA, Heredía, 10 km NE[Northeast of] Vara Blanca, 10.23333°N 84.08333°W ± 2000 m, 09.ii.2005, J. Longino #5412, 1500 m, Cloud Forest .

Pheidole impariceps Santschi, 1923b: 47 . Syntypes: 4S 4W, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], Ilha dos Alcatrazes, x.1920, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], MP #20.195, Coll. Borgm. #2697. One soldier missing L2; one worker only with postpetiole and gaster. Junior synonym of Pheidole peregrina W.M. Wheeler, 1916b: 181 by Wilson, 2003: 214.

Pheidole incisa subsp. evoluta Borgmeier, 1929: 204 . Syntypes: 3S 3W, [ BRAZIL], R[io Grande do] S[ul], Porto Alegre, Glória, 30.xi.1924, [P. Pio] Buck [S.J. leg.], #6, Coll. Borgm. #346. One soldier missing L2. Junior synonym of Pheidole susannae Forel, 1886 : xliii[43] by Kempf, 1964: 63. Comment: There is an antenna on the paper labeled as syntype.

Pheidole janzeni Longino, 2009: 40 . Paratype: 1W, COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP [National Park], Murcielago, 10.90092°N 85.72943°W ± 100,50 m, 27.ii.2008, J. Longino #6144.04, Tropical Dry Forest , at bait on ground.

Pheidole karolsetosa Longino, 2009: 44 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, COSTA RICA, Prov [ince] Heredía, 11 km SE[Southeast of] La Virgen, 10°20’N 84°04’W, 18.iii.2003, 450- 550 m, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 05/WF/03/39. Soldier missing A1.

Pheidole lagunculinoda Longino, 2009: 48 . Paratype: 1W, MEXICO, Chiapas, 8 km SE Salto de Agua, 17.51427°N 92.29486°W, 16.vi.2008, LLAMA #Ba-A-08-1-02-11, 70 m, 2º Wet Forest , at bait.

Pheidole leoncortesi Longino, 2009: 49 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, MEXICO, Chiapas, 21 km SW[Soutwest of] Salto de Agua, 17.38542°N 92.42802°W ± 200 m, 15.vi.2008, LLAMA#Ba-A-08-3-01-03, 180 m, 2º Wet Forest , at bait.

Pheidole lutzi Forel, 1905: 168 . Syntypes: 1S 2W, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], S[erra da] Cantareira, H.[F.A.] V.[von] Jhering, MP #16766, Coll. Borgm. #2046, [original publication says “dans la cavité dês bambous” (in bamboo cavity)]. Senior synonym of Pheidole heinzi Forel, 1913: 225 by Wilson, 2003: 716 .

Pheidole mesomontana Longino, 2009: 54 . Paratype: 1W, COSTA RICA, Heredía, 16 km SSE[Southsoutheast of] La Virgen, 10.26667°N 84.08333°W ± 2000 m, 20.ii.2001, ALAS 11 / WF/01/all, 1100 [m], Montane Wet Forest , leaf litter.

Pheidole oxyops subsp. regia Forel, 1908: 378 . Syntypes: 2S 2W, [ BRAZIL], S[ão] Paulo, Ipiranga, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], MP #7349, Coll. Borgm. #2060. Junior synonym of Pheidole oxyops Forel, 1908: 377 by Kempf, 1964: 58.

Pheidole phanigaster Longino, 2009: 61 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, MEXICO, Chiapas, 21 km SW[Southwest of] Salto de Agua, 17.38542°N 92.42802°W ± 200 m, 15.vi.2008, LLAMA #Ba-A-08-3-02- 10, 180 m, 2º Wet Forest , at bait. Worker missing L2 tarsi.

Pheidole picobarva Longino, 2009: 63 . Paratype: 1W, COSTA RICA, Heredía, 6 km ENE[East-northeast of] Vara Blanca, 10.18333°N 84.11667°W ± 2000 m, 06.xi.2002, J. Longino #4838, 2000 m, Cloud Forest , nest in dead wood.

Pheidole pubiventris var. foederalis Borgmeier, 1928: 34 . Cotypes[Unidentifiable Taxon]: 2S 3W, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Itapagipe, 19.xi.1925, T. Borgmeier leg., Coll. Borgm. #484, in mango tree. Soldier missing L5, L6. Incertae sedis in Pheidole by Wilson, 2003: 779.

Pheidole punctithorax Borgmeier, 1929: 210 . Cotypes[Syntypes]: 1S 2W, [ BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro], Petrópolis , 1918, T. Borgmeier [leg.], Coll. Borgm. #56. Soldier missing A1, A2; one worker missing L3; one worker missing L5.

Pheidole purpurea Longino, 2009: 67 . Paratype: 1W, MEXICO, Chiapas, 21 km SW[Southwest of] Salto de Agua, 17.38542°N 92.42802°W ± 200 m, 15.vi.2008, LLAMA #Ba-A-08-3-01- 10, 180 m, 2º Wet Forest , at bait.

Pheidolerata Borgmeier,1929:206.Cotype[Lectotype]: 1S, Cotypes[Paralectotypes]: 2S 8W, [ BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro], Petrópolis, [1918], T. Borgmeier [leg.], nº 63, unter baumrinde. Paralectotype: one worker missing head; one worker only with postpetiole and gaster. Junior synonym of Pheidole schmalzi Emery, 1894: 161 by Wilson, 2003: 504.

Pheidole rhinomontana Longino, 2009: 71 . Paratypes: 1S 1W, COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Peñas Blancas Valley, 10.302°N 84.706°W ± 2000 m, 05.vii.1984, J. Longino #5jul84/0854, 940 m, Wet Forest , nest in soft rotten stump.

Pheidole rufipilis Forel, 1908: 371 . Syntypes: 3S 4W, [ BRAZIL, São Paulo] Ipiranga, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], #5583. One worker only with postpetiole and gaster; one soldier lost. Senior synonym of Pheidole rufipilis var. divexa Forel, 1908: 372 and Pheidole impia Santschi, 1923b: 46 by Wilson, 2003: 226 .

Pheidole rufipilis var. divexa Forel, 1908: 372 . Syntypes: 1M 1S, BRAZIL, S[ão] P[aulo], Campos do Jordão, 1906, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], MP #2409, Coll. Borgm. #2063. Soldier missing L1. Junior synonym of Pheidole rufipilis Forel, 1908: 371 by Wilson, 2003: 226.

Pheidole rufipilis var. laevinota Forel, 1908: 371 . Syntypes: 1W, [ BRAZIL] R[io de] J[aneiro], Cam- po do Itatiaia, v.1906, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], MP #2617. 4S, [ BRAZIL] R[io de] J[aneiro], Campo do Itatiaia, v.1906, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], MP #2618. 1W 2S, [ BRAZIL] R[io de] J[aneiro], Campo do Itatiaia, 12.iv.1906, H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], MP #2694. One worker with disarticulated postpetiole and gaster. 2W 1S, [ BRAZIL] R[io de] J[aneiro], Campo do Itatiaia, 12.iv.1906, [H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], MP #2690. Raised to species by Wilson, 2003: 200.

Pheidole schwarzmaieri Borgmeier, 1939: 420 . Lectotype: 1S, Syntypes [Paralectotypes]: 5S 6W, [ BRAZIL], Go [ías], Campinas, xii.1933, Schwarzmaier [leg.], Coll. Borgm. #5560.

Pheidole sensitiva Borgmeier, 1959: 316 . Typus[Holotype]: 1S, Cotypes[Paratypes]: 15W, [ BRAZIL], Rio de Jan[eiro, Jacarepaguá], Taquara, [1954], T. Borgmeier [leg.]. Paratype: one worker missing A1.

Pheidole synanthropica Longino, 2009: 80 . Paratype: 1W, COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa N.P. [National Park], 10.85000°N 85.61667°W ± 2000 m, 15.vii.1985, J. Longino #0511, 300 m, Moist Forest , at tuna bait.

Pheidole tetrica Forel, 1913: 226 . Syntypes: 3G 5S 5W, [ BRAZIL], S[anta] C[atarina], Hamônia [Ibirama, H.] Lüderwaldt [leg.], MP #15.490 , Coll. Borgm. #2041. One dealated gyne.

Pheidole tijucana Borgmeier, 1927: 59 . Syntypes: 7S 6W, [ BRAZIL], DF [Rio de Janeiro], Rio de Jan [eiro], 22.vi.1926, T. Borgmeier [leg.], Coll. Borgm. #755.

Pheidole transversostriata subsp. gibbata Borgmeier, 1934: 101 . Cotypes[Paratypes]: 1S 1W, [SU- RINAME], Paramaribo, [G.H.] Bünzli [leg., in Acropyga -Rhizoecus Arealen vorkommend]. Raised to species by Wilson, 2003: 636.

Pheidole vafra Santschi, 1923b: 51 . Syntype: 1W, BRÉSIL [ BRAZIL, Santa Catarina], Blumenau, [A. Reichensperger leg.], #3855. Senior synonymy of Pheidole idiota Santschi, 1923b: 53 by Wilson, 2003: 244 .

Pheidole wolfringi st. durionei Santschi, 1923b: 51 . Syntype: 1W, ARG[ENTINA], Córdoba, Tanti Viejo, [J.] Durione [leg.]. Raised to species by Wilson, 2003: 288. Comment: (1) The MZSP ant collection has three specimens (1M 1S 1W) from BRAZIL, São Paulo, Santo André, Alto da Serra[Paranapiacaba], 1907, H. Lüderwaldt leg., MP #10.539, Coll. Borgm. #2044, labeled as syntypes of Pheidole guilelmimuelleri subsp. heyeri var. injuncta Forel, 1911: 302 . However, we do not consider them as types since Bolton (1995: 323) registered this as unavailable name. (2) The collection also have three specimens (1S 2W) from BRAZIL, São Paulo, Campo Limpo, 20.ii.1966, W.W. Kempf leg., Coll. Kempf #4383, 26, 26 pr., labeled as syntypes of Pheidole descolei Kusnezov, 1952b: 76 by E.O. Wilson. This author also says that the types of P. descolei are deposited in MZSP ( Wilson, 2003), but according to the original publication ( Kusnezov, 1952b) the type locality is Salta, Argentina. Thus we do not consider these specimens as types.