Drosophila funebris (Fabricius, 1787)

Grimaldi, David A., 2022, The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae), American Museum Novitates 2022 (3988), pp. 1-28 : 23-24

KEY TO NEARCTIC SPECIES OF THE DROSOPHILA FUNEBRIS GROUP

1a. Male with ~12 spines on each cercus; thornlike setae on ventral epandrial lobe; oviscapt (female) with tubercle on dorsal margin, base of spermatheca with neck (fig. 9A) (introduced species)................................................................................. funebris

1b. Male with 4–6 spines on each cercus (fig. 4); ventral epandrial lobe with 2–5 thick setae (none thornlike); oviscapt without tubercle on dorsal margin, spermatheca without neck (fig. 9B–E) (native species).......................................................................2

2a. Male generally with 5–6 spines on cercus (fig. 6E–G), oviscapt not sclerotized (fig. 9D, E) (California)..............................................................................3

2b. Male with 4 cercal spines (fig. 6A–D); oviscapt noticeably sclerotized and dark (fig. 9B, C) (southwestern US, northern Mexico, eastern North America)....................................4

3a. Carina not bulbous, noselike (fig. 1C); aedeagus (male) with large, flangelike lateral lobes (figs. 5D, 8F), cercus with 6 spines (fig. 6E); oviscapt with slight emargination on dorsal margin (fig. 9D)........................................................................ subfunebris

3b. Carina bulbous, noselike (fig. 1D); aedeagus with much smaller lateral lobes (figs. 5E, 8E), cercus with 4–5 spines (fig. 6F); oviscapt dorsally and ventrally slightly emarginate (fig. 9E)......................................................................................... trispina

4a. Aedeagus with broader lateral lobes (“wingspread” ~5× the thickness of aedeagal neck) (figs. 5B, C; 8B–D); gap between largest cercal spine and closest small one ~1.5× thickness of largest spine (fig. 6C, D) (eastern North America)........................................... macrospina

4b. Aedeagus with lateral lobes narrow, ~3.5 –3.7× thickness of neck (figs. 5A, 8A); gap between largest cercal spine and closest small one </= to width of thickest spine (fig. 6A, B) (western Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, northern Mexico)........................................ limpiensis