Tylorida striata ( Thorell, 1877 )

Sankaran, Pradeep M., Malamel, Jobi J., Joseph, Mathew M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2017, On the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 with the first record of the genus Atelidea Simon, 1895 from India (Araneae: Tetragnathidae, Leucauginae), Zootaxa 4353 (2), pp. 294-326 : 308-310

Tylorida striata ( Thorell, 1877)

( Figs 1D , 2B , 7D–F , 12F–G , 13A–F , 14A–G )

Meta striata Thorell, 1877: 427 (Description of female). Hasselt, 1882: 25 (Description of male). Meta stellimicans Simon, 1885: 449 (Description of female).

Argyroepeira bigibba Thorell, 1887: 140 (Description of female juvenile).

Argyroepeira striata Thorell, 1877: 142 . Workman & Workman, 1894: 19, plates 19–19a (Brief somatic description and description and illustration of web; illustration of male and female).

Tylorida stellimicans Simon, 1894:737 .

Tylorida striata Simon, 1894: 737 , fig. 809 (Illustration of male).

[See World Spider Catalog (2017) for complete list of citations].

Linyphia nicobarensis Tikader, 1977: 166 , fig. 4A–B (Description and illustration of female [Holotype female (without register number) from INDIA: Nicobar: Kamorta Island; B. K. Tikader leg., 22-03-1970, deposited in ZSI, Kolkata), NOT EXAMINED. Sen et al., 2015: 96, figs 546–551, plate 20 (Not examined the holotype; description and illustration of female based on fresh materials).

Tylorida nicobarensis Breitling, 2015: 5 (Not examined the holotype; transfer of female from Linyphia ). New Synonymy.

Material examined. INDIA: Kerala: Alappuzha, Pathiramanal Island (9o37'07.11''N, 76o23'04.95''E), 0 m alt., 24 September 2015, M. J. Jobi & Jimmy Paul leg., from web, by hand: 2 females ( ADSH1004511 ) . Alappuzha, Perumbalam , 9o50'54.13''N, 76o21'39.00''E, 10 m alt., 30 November 2015, M. J. Jobi & Jimmy Paul leg., from web, by hand: 1 female ( ADSH1004512 ) . Ernakulam, Thalacode , 10o03'03.22''N, 76o44'27.12''E, 60 m alt., 25 December 2015, Aswathy leg., from web, by hand: 1 male, 12 females, 2 juveniles ( ADSH1004513 ) .

Note. Like T. ventralis , the male I and II tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of T. striata lack ventral cone-like macrosetae ( Fig. 7D–F ).

Variation. Female (n=15): Body length 3.75–4.97.

Justification of the synonymy. Tikader (1977) described L. nicobarensis based on a single female specimen collected from the Kamorta Island in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Breitling (2015) transferred this species to Tylorida based on original description and suggested a possible synonymy of this species with T. striata . Even though the epigynum illustrated for this species is less informative due to its high schematic nature, other somatic features provided for this species are similar to the diagnostic features for T. striata , which also was described from Nicobar Islands, from a location of less than 30 km away from the type locality of the former: body colouration and patterning, size and shape of abdomen and paired tubercles on the apex of abdomen ( Tikader 1977: fig. 4A–B; herein Fig. 14G ). Based on these observations, we consider T. nicobarensis a junior synonym of T. striata .

Figures

FIGURE 1A–F. Field photographs of Tylorida spp. A Female Tylorida flava sp. nov. from Illithodu, Ernakulam (ADSH100454); B–C Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov. from Ponmudi, Trivandrum (ADSH100458): B Male; C Female;D Femaleof Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877)from MuriyadKol Wetland, Thrissur,Kerala (CATE99462); E–FFemales of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): E Silver morph from Pathiramanal Island, Alappuzha (ADSH1004515); F Yellow morph from Kanakappalam, Kottayam (ADSH1004518). Photo credit A & E, Pradeep M. Sankaran; B & C, Jimmy Paul; D, Nafin K.S.; F, Dhruv A. Prajapati.

FIGURE 2A–C. Field photographs of Tylorida spp. mating pairs. A Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov. from Ponmudi,Trivandrum (ADSH100458); B Tylorida striata (Thorell,1877) from Parambikulam TigerReserve,Palakkad,Kerala (CATE99461); Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877) from Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Wayanad, Kerala (CATE99463). Photo credit A, Jimmy Paul; B & C, Nafin K.S..

FIGURE 7A–I. Male left leg I of Tylorida spp. A–C Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A tibia, prolateral; B metatarsus, prolateral; C tarsus, prolateral; D–F Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877): D tibia, prolateral; E metatarsus, prolateral; F tarsus, prolateral; G–I Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): G tibia, prolateral; H metatarsus, prolateral; I tarsus, prolateral. Scale bars A–C, E, H, I, 0.5 mm; D, G, 1 mm; F, 0.2mm.

FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale.

FIGURE 13A–F. Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877) from Thalacode, Ernakulam. A–C Male habitus: A dorsal; B ventral; C prolateral; D–F Female habitus:D dorsal;E ventral, F retrolateral.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm.

FIGURE 14A–F. Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877) from Thalacode, Ernakulam. A–D Male left pedipalp: A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–F Female genitalia: E Epigynum, ventral; F Internal genitalia, dorsal; G Original drawings of Tylorida nicobarensis (Tikader,1977) (=Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877)) adopted from Tikader(1977) without modification. Scale bars A–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm.