Trachycephalus Tschudi, 1838

FAIVOVICH, JULIÁN, HADDAD, CÉLIO F. B., GARCIA, PAULO C. A., FROST, DARREL R., CAMPBELL, JONATHAN A. & WHEELER, WARD C., 2005, Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (294), pp. 1-240 : 111

Trachycephalus Tschudi, 1838

TYPE SPECIES: Trachycephalus nigroma­

culatus Tschudi, 1838, by monotypy.

Phrynohyas Fitzinger, 1843 . Type species: Hyla zonata Spix, 1824 (5 Rana venulosa Laurenti, 1768 ). NEW SYNONYMY.

Acrodytes Fitzinger, 1843 . Type species: Hyla venulosa Daudin, 1802 (5 Rana venulosa Laurenti, 1768 ), by original designation.

Scytopis Cope, 1862 . Type species: Scytopis hebes Cope, 1862 , by monotypy.

Tetraprion Stejneger and Test, 1891 . Type species: Tetraprion jordani Stejneger and Test, 1891 , by original designation.

DIAGNOSIS: This genus is diagnosed by 37 transformations in nuclear and mitochondrial protein and ribosomal genes. See appendix 5 for a complete list of these molecular synapomorphies. The only possible morphological synapomorphy that we are aware of for this genus is the presence of paired vocal sacs protruding posterior to the angles of the jaws when inflated (Trueb and Duellman, 1971; see also Tyler, 1971).

COMMENTS: We are including Phrynohyas in the synonymy of Trachycephalus to avoid the nonmonophyly of the two genera. There are other alternatives to resolve this situation, such as restricting Trachycephalus to the southeastern Brazilian taxa, including P. mesophaea , while retaining Phrynohyas for the remaining species currently placed in that genus, and resurrecting Tetraprion to accommodate T. jordani . We consider that the action taken here is the most conservative.

CONTENTS: Ten species. Trachycephalus atlas Bokermann, 1966 ; Trachycephalus coriaceus (Peters, 1867) , new comb.; Trachycephalus hadroceps (Duellman and Hoogmoed, 1992) , new comb.; Trachycephalus imitatrix (Miranda­Ribeiro, 1926) , new comb.; Trachycephalus lepidus (Pombal, Haddad, and Cruz, 2003) , new comb.; Trachycephalus mesophaeus (Hensel, 1867) , new comb.; Trachycephalus nigromaculatus Tschudi, 1838 ; Trachycephalus resinifictrix (Goeldi, 1907) , new comb.; Trachycephalus venulosus (Laurenti, 1768) , new comb.