Ptychohyla Taylor, 1944

FAIVOVICH, JULIÁN, HADDAD, CÉLIO F. B., GARCIA, PAULO C. A., FROST, DARREL R., CAMPBELL, JONATHAN A. & WHEELER, WARD C., 2005, Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (294), pp. 1-240 : 106

Ptychohyla Taylor, 1944

TYPE SPECIES: Ptychohyla adipoventris Taylor, 1944 (5 Hyla leonhardschultzei Ahl, 1934 ), by original designation.

DIAGNOSIS: This genus is diagnosed by 11 transformations in nuclear and mitochondrial protein and ribosomal genes. See appendix 5 for a complete list of these molecular synapomorphies. An apparent morphological synapomorphy of this group is the well­developed lingual flange of the pars palatina of premaxillar (Campbell and Smith, 1992).

COMMENTS: To avoid paraphyly, we are including Hyla dendrophasma in Ptychohyla . As mentioned earlier in the discussion, other synapomorphies of Ptychohyla proposed by Campbell and Smith (1992) and Duellman (2001) are also present in some species of its sister taxon ( Bromeliohyla 1 Duellmanohyla ), so we do not recognize them as synapomorphies until a phylogenetic analysis including that evidence is performed. Known males of the exemplars of Ptychohyla included in the analysis share the presence of enlarged individual nuptial spines and hypertrophied ventrolateral glands (Duellman, 2001), as do males of P. macrotympanum and P. panchoi . Discovery of males of H. dendrophasma will confirm whether this character state is an apparent synapomorphy of these species or of a less inclusive clade.

CONTENTS: Thirteen species. Ptychohyla acrochorda Campbell and Duellman, 2000 ; Ptychohyla dendrophasma (Campbell, Smith, and Acevedo, 2000) , new comb.; Ptychohyla erythromma (Taylor, 1937) ; Ptychohyla euthysanota Kellogg, 1928 ; Ptychohyla hypomykter McCranie and Wilson, 1993 ; Ptychohyla legleri (Taylor, 1958) ; Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei (Ahl, 1934) ; Ptychohyla macrotympanum (Tanner, 1957) ; Ptychohyla panchoi Duellman and Campbell, 1982 ; Ptychohyla salvadorensis (Mertens, 1952) ; Ptychohyla sanctaecrucis Campbell and Smith, 1992 ; Ptychohyla spinipollex (Schmidt, 1936) ; Ptychohyla zophodes Campbell and Duellman, 2000 .

Smilisca Cope, 1865

TYPE SPECIES: Smilisca daulinia Cope, 1865 (5 Hyla baudinii Duméril and Bibron, 1841 ), by monotypy.

Pternohyla Boulenger, 1882 . Type species Pter­

nohyla fodiens Boulenger, 1882 , by monotypy.

NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSIS: This genus is diagnosed by 38 transformations in nuclear and mitochondrial protein and ribosomal genes. See appendix 5 for a complete list of these molecular synapomorphies. We are not aware of any morphological synapomorphy.

COMMENTS: Pternohyla is included in the synonymy of Smilisca to avoid paraphyly.

CONTENTS: Eight species. Smilisca baudinii (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) ; Smilisca cyanosticta (Smith, 1953) ; Smilisca dentata (Smith, 1957) , new comb.; Smilisca fodiens (Boulenger, 1882) , new comb.; Smilisca phaeota (Cope, 1862) ; Smilisca puma (Cope, 1885) ; Smilisca sila (Duellman and Trueb, 1966) ; Smilisca sordida (Peters, 1863) .