Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843

FAIVOVICH, JULIÁN, HADDAD, CÉLIO F. B., GARCIA, PAULO C. A., FROST, DARREL R., CAMPBELL, JONATHAN A. & WHEELER, WARD C., 2005, Systematic Review Of The Frog Family Hylidae, With Special Reference To Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (294), pp. 1-240 : 90

Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843

TYPE SPECIES: Hyla frontalis Daudin, 1800

(5 Rana leucophyllata Beireis, 1783 ), by

original designation.

Lophopus Tschudi, 1838 . Type species: Hyla marmorata Daudin (5 Bufo marmoratus Laurenti, 1768 ), by monotypy. Primary homonym of Lophopus Duméril, 1837 .

Hylella Reinhardt and Lütken , ‘‘1861’’ [1862]. Type species: Hylella tenera Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (5 Hyla bipunctata Spix, 1824 ), by subsequent designation of Smith and Taylor (1948).

Güntheria Miranda­Ribeiro, 1926 . Type species: Hyla dasynota Günther, 1869 (5 Hyla senicula Cope, 1868 ), by monotypy.

DIAGNOSIS: This genus is diagnosed by 33 transformations in nuclear and mitochondrial protein and ribosomal genes. See appendix 5 for a complete list of these molecular synapomorphies. Karyological evidence is the presence of 30 chromosomes. Morphological synapomorphies of this clade are possibly the extreme reduction in the quadratojugal (also occurs in some Cophomantini and Hylini ) and a 1/2 labial tooth row formula (known instance of homoplasy in Hyla anceps ; subsequent reductions in the formula in some clades) (Duellman and Trueb, 1983; Wogel et al., 2000).

COMMENTS: This genus contains all species formerly placed in Hyla that are known or suspected to have 30 chromosomes. However, the fact that the karyotype of its sister taxon, Xenohyla , is still unknown, precludes the 30­chromosome condition to be considered a synapomorphy of Dendropsophus , because it could be a synapomorphy of Dendropsophus 1 Xenohyla . A similar situation occurs with two muscle characters. Burton (2004) suggested that the m. contrahentis hallucis reduced or absent and the presence of m. flexor teres hallucis are synapomorphies of this group. Unfortunately, both transformations optimize ambiguously because corresponding character states are still unknown in Xenohyla .

While we consider the extreme reduction of the quadratojugal to be a possible morphological synapomorphy of Dendropsophus , we warn that the condition requires further study, because the quadratojugal is reduced as well in Sphaenorhynchus and Xenohyla (Caramaschi, 1989; Duellman and Wiens, 1992; Izecksohn, 1996), although apparently not to the level seen in Dendropsophus .

Bogart (1973), Gruber (2002), Skuk and Langone (1991), and Kaiser et al. (1996) described variation in chromosome morphology for several species of Dendropsophus .

CONTENTS: Eighty­eight species, most of them placed in nine species groups, and seven unassigned to group.