Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein, Orchid.

Ormerod, Paul, Kurzweil, Hubert & Watthana, Santi, 2021, Annotated List of Orchidaceae for Myanmar, Phytotaxa 481 (1), pp. 1-262 : 185-186

Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein, Orchid. -Buch: 490, 1892

Basionym : Cypripedium villosum Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1854: 135, 1854 . Type :— MYANMAR. Mon State : Mawlamyine District, Lobb 179 (holotype: K-LINDL; isotype: W-R 7159 ) .

Homotypic synonym: Cordula villosa (Lindl.) Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 20: 2, 1912.

Heterotypic synonyms: Cypripedium boxallii Rchb. f., Gard. Chron., n.s., 7: 367, 1877. Paphiopedilum boxallii (Rchb.f.) Pfitzer in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl (eds.), Nat . Pflanzenfam. 2 (6): 84, 1889. Cypripedium villosum Lindl. var. boxallii (Rchb.f.) H.J.Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl. 4: 54, 1889. Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein var. boxallii (Rchb.f.) Stein, Orchid.-Buch: 490, 1892. Cordula boxallii (Rchb.f.) Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 20: 2, 1912. Type:— MYANMAR. Mon State: Mawlamyine District, Boxall s.n. (holotype: W-R 7157).

Cypripedium villosum Lindl. var. aureum B.S.Williams, Orch. -Grow. Man., ed. 7: 311, 1894. Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein var. aureum (B.S.Williams) Pfitzer in H.G.A. Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV 50 (12): 12: 73, 1903. Type :— MYANMAR. Mon State : Mawlamyine District, cult. Williams s.n. (holotype: not located).

Cypripedium vernayi Kingdon-Ward, Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 104: 458, 1938, nom. prov. Basis for name: MYANMAR. Kachin State: Myitkyina District , 1525 m, 26 Nov 1938, Kingdon-Ward 33 (AMES, NY).

Specimens examined:— KACHIN. Putao District: without collector s.n. ( SING [spirit]); Myitkyina District : basis for name cited . CHIN. Mindat District : 19 Dec 2014, Kim s.n., photo . BAGO. Taungoo District: Parish 92 ( K) . MON. Mawlamyine District: types; same loc., Parish s.n. ( K) ; same loc., 1065 m, 29 Jan 1912, Lace 5645 ( E, K) . Also reported from Sagaing and Tanintharyi regions by Kress et al. (2003: 85) and from Mandalay Region and Shan State by Saw Lwin (2007: 249), but we have not seen material from these areas.

Distribution:— The eastern Himalayas, northeastern India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina and southwestern China.

Note:— Several varieties have been proposed, no doubt most originating in Myanmar.

Paphiopedilum wardii Summerh., Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 92: 446, 1932. Type :— MYANMAR. Upper part: ex Kingdon- Ward s.n., cult. RBG Kew s.n. (holotype: K)

Homotypic synonym: Cypripedium wardii (Summerh.) Curtis, Orchid Rev. 41: 2, 1933, nom. illeg. [non Rolfe 1913].

Heterotypic synonyms: Paphiopedilum wardii Summerh. var. alboviride O.Gruss & Roeth, Orchidee (Hamburg) 49: 143, 1998. Type:— MYANMAR. Without locality: without collector s.n. (holotype: HAL) .

Paphiopedilum burmanicum J.Yong Zhang & Z.J.Liu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 39: 564, 2001. Type :— MYANMAR. Without locality: Liu 21022 (holotype: NOCC).

Cypripedium wardianum E.W.Cooper, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. 2: 621, 1951, nom.

Specimens examined:— UPPER MYANMAR. Type. KACHIN. Putao District: 1220–1525 m, 29 Dec 1930, Kingdon- Ward 9070 ( BM, K); same loc., 1220–1525 m, 7 Apr 1953, Kingdon-Ward 20637 ( BM); Myitkyina District : 1220−1525 m, 6 Feb 1939, Kingdon-Ward 272 ( NY); same loc., 1525 m, 7 Mar 1939, Kingdon-Ward 377 ( AMES, NY). WITHOUT LOCALITY. Types; Kingdon-Ward s.n. ( K). Reported from Sagaing Region, Chin State and Mandalay Region by Kress et al. (2003: 85), but we have not seen material from these areas .

Distribution:— Myanmar, southwestern China and possibly northeastern India.

Notes:— Discovered by F. Kingdon-Ward during an expedition to the Nogmung area of Putao District (Kachin State) in 1920. For a long time, it was considered endemic to Myanmar until populations were also discovered in China (southwestern Yunnan). We have followed Liu et al. (2009) in treating P. burmanicum as a synonym .