Anthriscus cerefolium ( Linnaeus 1753: 257 ) Hoffmann (1814: 41)

Tekin, Mehmet & Civelek, Şemsettin, 2017, A taxonomic revision of the genus Anthriscus (Apiaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 302 (1), pp. 1-26 : 8-11

3. Anthriscus cerefolium ( Linnaeus 1753: 257) Hoffmann (1814: 41)

Type:‘ Habitat in apris et arvis Europae australioris ’. Lectotype (designated by Spalik & Jarvis 1989): LINN 364.4 ( ‘Cerefolium 3’). Syntypes: UPS (Burser VII (2): 44); BMCLIFF (‘ Scandix 3’, Clifford).

Synonyms: Scandix cerefolium L., Sp. Pl.: 257 (1753), basionym; Chaerophyllum cerefolium ( L.) Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 3: 70 (1767); Anthriscus longirostris Bertol., Fl. Ital. 3: 197 (1837)

3a. var. trichocarpa Neilreich (1866: 221)

Type:Not indicated, indirectly referred to that of Chaerophyllum trichospermum Schult. : ‘In Ungern häufiger vorige [ Ch. cerefolium ], Prof. Kit.’ (n.v.)

Synonym: Chaerophyllum trichospermum Schult., Östr. Fl. ed. 2, 2(1): 504 (1814), syn subst.; A. trichosperma (Schult.) Spreng. in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 525 (1820); A. cerefolium subsp. trichosperma (Schult.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur. : 301 (1879)

Annual herbs. Fresh plants with smell of anise. Stem up to 85 cm high, glabrous or sparsely covered with simple hairs at base and slightly corrugated. Basal leaves 2–3-pinnate, triangular in outline with petioles (2.5–)4.6(–6.1) cm long, blade length up to 9 cm long, the ratio of blade length to petiole length (0.7–)1.1(–1.6); primary segments (divisions) 4–8, the ratio of the first primary (lowest) segment length to blade length (0.56–)0.67(–0.82); the ratio of the second primary (middle) segment length to blade length (0.36–)0.42(–0.56); the ratio of the third primary (subterminal) segment length to blade length (0.21–)0.23(–0.26); the ratio of the uppermost primary (terminal) segment length to blade length (0.15–)0.22(–0.25); pinnule margins of primary segments simple hairy, upper surface usually glabrous or sparsely simple hairy, lower surface covered with long simple hairs only on veins, lobes of pinnule oblong-ovate, margins serrate, apex mucronate. Petioles covered with sparsely long simple hairs. Cauline leaves 2–3-pinnate and triangular in outline with petioles (1–)5.6(–10.5) cm long, blade up to 13 cm long, the ratio of blade length to petiole length (0.7–)2.6(–9.7); primary segments (divisions) 6–8, the ratio of the first primary segment length to blade length (0.53–)0.69(–0.84); the ratio of the second primary segment length to blade length (0.28–)0.4(–0.5); the ratio of the third primary segment length to blade length (0.18–)0.25(–0.31); the ratio of the uppermost primary segment length to blade length (0.14–)0.22(–0.3); pinnule margins of primary segments usually covered with short simple hairs, upper surface usually glabrous, lower surface covered with sparsely long simple hairs on veins, lobes of pinnule ovate, margins serrate, apex mucronate. Margins of the sheath covered with densely long simple hairs at base. Bracts absent or rarely solitary, (1.5–)4.7(–8) mm long, similar to bracteole in structure. Bracteoles 1–3, linear or rarely lanceolate, (1–)2.7(–5.1) mm long, margins ciliate, apex acute; the ratio of bracteole length to width (3.8–) 6.1(–8.3), the longest bracteole (1.1–)1.7(–2.9) times as long as the shortest in the same involucel. Flowers white, petals elliptic–obovate, apex obscure since backward curved, appearing emarginate. Marginal petals (1.2–)1.4(–1.8) mm long; the ratio of marginal petal length to width (1.2–)1.5(–1.8) and the ratio of marginal petal length to inner petal length (1.3–)1.5(– 1.8). Filaments 0.8–1(–1.2) mm long, anthers 0.3–0.35(–0.5) mm long. Umbels lateral or terminal in position. Peduncle (0–)19(–60) mm long, with simple hairs. Rays (15–)25(–43) mm long, with simple hairs, the longest ray (1.1–)1.35(– 2.2) times as long as the shortest in the same umbel. Primary umbels with 2(–5) rays, (2–)7(–9) fruits per umbellet. Secondary umbels with 3–4(–5) rays, (1–)5(–10) fruits per umbellet. Tertiary umbels with 3–5 rays, (0–)4(–7) fruits per umbellet. Fruits 7–10 × 1.4–1.8 mm, oblong-linear, black and antrorse bristled with long furrowed beak. Beak (1.1–)1.7(–2.3) mm long, the ratio of fruit length to beak length (4.6–)5.1(–5.3). Styles (0.85–)0.94(–1.05) mm long, parallel to one another, stylopodium often with reflexed margin; styles (3.4–)4.6(–5) times as long as the stylopodium. Pedicels (3–)5(–8) mm long, with simple hairs; the longest pedicel (1–)1.4(–1.9) times as long as the shortest in the same umbellet. Pedicels not or slightly thickened at fruiting period, bristles absent at the junction of the pedicel and the base of fruit ( Fig. 5 ).

Phenology:—Flowering time from late April to end of May and fruiting in June.

Distribution:— Turkey (Inner, Northeast and Southeast Anatolia and European Turkey) ( Fig. 6 ), Eastern Inner and SE Europe, North-Eastern Africa, Caucasus to Northern Iran and Middle Asia.

Habitat:—The taxon occupies calcareous shady areas, on warm soils in slightly shaded habitats generally with Quercus shrubs, or under trees in or open forested areas. In addition, it can grow in slightly shaded parts of gardens and fields. Sometimes it grows close to residential areas.

Phytogeographic region:—Multi regional.

Conservation assessment:—This variety was found in many provinces of Turkey during this study. The populations are in good condition in many localities. The taxon may be classified as ‘least concern’ (LC; IUCN 2014).

Examined specimens:— TURKEY. A5 Amasya: Çakallar site to Ferhat Mountain , rocky slopes vicinity, 904 m, 16 May 2011, 40°38’10.5”N, 35°50’41.2”E, M. Tekin 1076 ( CUFH), ibid., 20 June 2011, M. Tekin 1104 ( CUFH) ; Samsun, Kızılırmak, after Asar , shady pocket of cliff, 20 May 1967, Tobey 1798 ( E) ; Çorum: Hacıköy-Osmancık , limestone gorge, 800 m, 11 May 1969, Tobey 2547 ( E) ; A6 Amasya: Kuzgeçe village inside and vicinity, 404 m, 16 May 2011, 40°44’3.0”N, 36°01’5.6”E, M. Tekin 1074 ( CUFH) ; ibid., 20 June 2011, M. Tekin 1105 ( CUFH) ; Amasya: Kuzgeçe village , inside forest and road site, 726 m, 16 May 2011, 40°44’1.7”N, 36°01’1.8”E, M. Tekin 1075 ( CUFH) ; ibid., 16 May 2012, M. Tekin 1192 ( CUFH) ; A7 Giresun: Alucra-Suşehri, near Üçören , 1240 m, 02 June 1990, M. Nydegger 45603 ( E) ; B3 Eskişehir: Yazılıkaya village library garden, 07 June 1996, K. H. C. Başer & N. Ermin 12064 ( GAZI) ; Eskişehir: Yazılıkaya village library vicinity, 1320 m, 23 May 2011, 39°12’0.4”N, 30°42’5.4”E, M. Tekin 1086 ( CUFH) ; B5 Aksaray: Ihlara, Belisırma village to Ihlara valley , Menendiz stream site, 1184 m, 26 May 2011, 38°15’5.5”N, 34°17’2.6”E, M. Tekin 1089 ( CUFH) ; B6 Malatya: Kömürhan site, Fırat river site, steppe, 900 m, 29 April 1982, Y. Altan 2105 ( ANK) ; B7 Erzincan: Refahiye, Aşağı Sütlüce village entrance, field site, fenced area, 1265 m, 30 May 2011, 40°00’4.6”N, 38°48’0.0”E, M. Tekin 1096 ( CUFH) ; C3 Isparta: Eğridir to Aksu , 3. km road side, rocky area with Quercus , 972 m, 21 May 2012, 37°48’51.0”N, 30°53’46.0”E, M. Tekin 1204 ( CUFH) ; C4 Konya: Seydişehir, Çatmakaya village entrance, rocky and shady area, 1127 m, 24 May 2011, 37°16’48.7”N, 31°59’03.3”E, M. Tekin 1082 ( CUFH) .

c. A. sect. Caroides Boissier (1872: 913)

Lectotype (designated by Spalik 1997): A. kotschyi Boiss. & Balansa

Dwarf montane perennials. Rootstock thick, creeping and woody, crowned with a non-fibrous collar. Stems striate to sulcate, particularly above nodes, glabrous; main stem branching at the very base and producing several decumbent and rarely branching secondary stems. Basal leaves in rosette, numerous, long-petiolate; cauline leaves small. Bracts absent. Bracteoles ovate to narrowly lanceolate, usually connected at base (hence involucel unilateral), rarely free, acuminate, green, often tinted with red. Flowers both hermaphroditic and male; stylopodium depressed-conical. Fruits ± cylindric-ovate to oblong-cylindrical, with an inconspicuous furrowed beak, glabrous, dark brown or black, shining, without a crown of bristles at the junction with the pedicel. Umbels terminal and lateral; peduncles and rays glabrous ( Spalik 1997).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Anthriscus cerefolium var. trichocarpa: A) habit; B) flowers with unripened fruits and bracteoles in umbellet; C) ripened fruits in umbellet; Da) dorsal view of mericarp; Db) commissural view of mericarp; Dc) cross section of mericarp. [A) from M.Tekin 1089 (CUFH); B) from M.Tekin 1076 (CUFH); C, Da and Db) from M.Tekin 1104 (CUFH); Dc) from M.Tekin 1075 (CUFH)].

FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of Anthriscus cerefolium var. trichocarpa in Turkey.