Acorus calamus subsp. leaves

Ibdah, Mwafaq, Hino, Shada, Nawade, Bhagwat, Yahyaa, Mosaab, Bosamia, Tejas C. & Shaltiel-Harpaz, Liora, 2022, Identification and characterization of three nearly identical linalool / nerolidol synthase from Acorus calamus, Phytochemistry (113318) 202, pp. 1-10 : 2

2.1. Essential oil composition of A. calamus leaves

GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of A. calamus leaves led to the identification and quantification of a total of 63 components. Sesquiterpene compounds predominated among the essential oils and contributed to 51.7% of the oil content. The most abundant sesquiterpene was caryophyllene oxide (3) (12.77%) and E -β -caryophyllene (4) (9.22%). Phenolic compounds accounted for 27.1% of the total essential oil of A. calamus leaves content. The major phenolic compounds in the essential oil of A. calamus leaves were Z -methyl isoeugenol (5) (14.75%), followed by E -methyl eugenol (6) (7.34%), β -asarone (7) (9.60%), and α -asarone (8) (6.30%). Monoterpene compounds contributed only to 3.8% of the total essential oil content of A. calamus leaves . Citronellol (9) (1.21%) was the major monoterpene in the oil ( Table 1 ).

These results differ somewhat from those of previous reports. For example, Raduˇsiene ˙et al. (2007) found that the phenolic compounds were the predominant (40.9%) in the essential oil of A. calamus leaves . Li and Jiang (2012) found that Z -methyl isoeugenol (5) (36.4%), Acorusagermacrone (10) (4.1%), and δ -cadinene (11) (4.1%) as major components in leaf oil of A. calamus . β -Asarone (7) (85.6%) and linalool (1) (4.7%) were the major constituents in the A. calamus leaf oil from the lower region of the Himalayas ( Raina et al., 2003). Our data suggests a strong phenotypical variability in response to environment or genotype ( Figueiredo et al., 2008; Barra, 2009).