BALANIDAE

Mead, A., Carlton, J. T., Griffiths, C. L. & Rius, M., 2011, Introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine species of South Africa, Journal of Natural History 45 (39 - 40), pp. 2463-2524 : 2480

Family BALANIDAE

Balanus glandula Darwin, 1854 Introduced

Balanus glandula is a common mid-intertidal barnacle, occupying exposed rocky shores on the west coast of North America. Introduced populations are now known from Argentina, Japan and South Africa. Its presence in South Africa was first reported by Simon-Blecher et al. (2008), based upon specimens first collected in Cape Town in 2007. However, photographic evidence indicates that populations were already well established by 1992 on the Cape Peninsula ( Laird and Griffiths 2008). It now ranges from Cape Point to Eland’s Bay on the west coast ( Laird and Griffiths 2008). It is the most abundant barnacle within the invaded area and major impacts on the distribution and abundance of other organisms in its range are predicted. We consider ship fouling to be the most likely vector of this species.

Amphibalanus venustus (Darwin, 1854) Introduced (= Balanus venustus ; = A. amphitrite of authors, not of Darwin)

This pink-striped barnacle was first recorded from Salisbury Island, in Durban Harbour, KwaZulu-Natal in 1938 as Balanus amphitrite ( Henry and McLaughlin 1975) . It was not recorded by Barnard (1924) in his monograph on South African barnacles. Found on the low-shore under boulders, the origins of this species lie in the tropical and subtropical western North Atlantic (Carlton unpublished results). Its South African distribution ranges from Hermanus on the south coast to Mozambique (east coast) and we considered ship fouling to be the vector.