DINOPHYCEAE

Mead, A., Carlton, J. T., Griffiths, C. L. & Rius, M., 2011, Introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine species of South Africa, Journal of Natural History 45 (39 - 40), pp. 2463-2524 : 2470

Class DINOPHYCEAE

A thorough review of the biogeographic and evolutionary history of dinoflagellates in South Africa still remains to be done. We identify three taxa that we regard as introductions. Many more species of South African dinoflagellates, as well as estuarine and marine diatoms, bear strong consideration as possible introduced and cryptogenic taxa. Marangoni et al. (2001) consider the potential for the introduction of exotic phytoplankters by ballast water in South Africa. Hallegraeff (1998) and Bolch and de Salas (2007) further demonstrate the efficacy and probabilities of the transport of dinoflagellates by ships’ seawater ballast.