Perdita nuttalliae Portman

Portman, Zachary M., Neff, John L. & Griswold, Terry, 2016, Taxonomic revision of Perdita subgenus Heteroperdita Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with descriptions of two ant-like males, Zootaxa 4214 (1), pp. 1-97 : 55-59

Perdita nuttalliae Portman , sp. n.

Figs. 6 D, 7D, 8D, 9E, 23I, 24J, 38, 39, 56I, 59C–D

Diagnosis. Both sexes have the metasoma yellow with dark spots ( Figs. 6 D, 7D). The extent of the light maculations are variable on the face, side, and metasoma. The spots on the metasoma range in size from small to large and overlapping, the side marks can be complete or reduced to the area under the tegula, and the face marks range from transverse to large and triangular. Generally the basal spots on T2–T3 unite, forming a line along the terga basally.

The female can be recognized by the combination of the head and mesosoma with green or greenish-bronze metallic luster, head width and length equal ( Fig. 9 E), and the presence of a whole or partial yellow band on the metapleuron and contiguous sides of the propodeum ( Fig. 38 ). The male can be distinguished by having the head round or longer than broad ( Fig. 8 D), the face partly dark below the level of the antennae, and face with transverse or subtriangular white or yellowish-white maculations.

Description of female. Length: 2.8 mm. Forewing length: 1.9 mm.

Coloration. Head ( Fig. 9 E) and mesosoma base color black with metallic greenish or greenish-bronze luster; clypeus yellowish-white; supraclypeal mark yellowish-white, large, transverse; paraocular mark white or yellowish-white, transverse to triangular, reaching between level of summit of clypeus and level of antennal socket; mandible white, tip reddish; labrum white, sometimes with basomedial dark spot; scape yellowish-white; antenna tan or brown dorsally, yellowish-tan ventrally; pronotal collar yellow anteriorly and posteriorly, marked with brown in and around pronotal suture; pronotal lobe yellowish-white; metapleuron and anterior propodeum yellow ( Fig. 38 A); propodeum with narrow yellow triangle dorso-anteriorly, triangle occasionally reduced or absent; ventral surface of mesepisternum with small yellow border around base of mid coxae; legs yellow except more or less brown basally on fore coxa, dorsobasally on fore and mid femora, dorsoapical spot on hind femur, and hind tibia and distal hind tarsi; wing veins ranging from light to dark brown; metasoma yellowish-white with multiple lateral and medial brown spots, spot size extremely variable, ranging from reduced to covering majority of metasoma ( Fig. 7 D); T1 mostly brown on anterior face, posterior face with two large apico-sublateral spots; T2–T5 with five spots: one medial large triangular mark, two small baso-lateral spots (spots on T2–T3 more transverse with basal spots generally merging into continuous band), and two relatively large, prominent apico-sublateral spots; T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate clearish-tan.

Structure and vestiture. Head length and width equal ( Fig. 9 E); face except for clypeus, lower supraclypeal area, and frons covered by sparse recumbent white pubescence; eyes slightly converging ventrally; facial fovea diverging dorsally, broadly oval, extending from top of antennal socket 2/3 distance to apex of eye, generally more or less obscured by pubescence; mandible simple; labrum quadrate, slightly less than 2X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding slightly less than 1 OD from face; lateral extension reaching 1/2 distance to base of mandible; venter of head with abundant inward-facing broadly hooked hairs; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and margins of scutum mostly covered by combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; fore coxa with abundant, broadly hooked hairs; apex of mid tibia with some short, thick, curved setae; forewing with second medial cell present; metasoma oval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 7 D); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea linear, slightly thickened, slightly over 1/2 length of T2; pygidial plate triangular, apex slightly blunted ( Fig. 24 J); hairs of prepygidial fimbria thin, sparse.

Description of male. Length: 2.4 mm. Forewing length: 1.7 mm.

Coloration. Head ( Fig. 8 D) and mesosoma base color black with metallic greenish or greenish-bronze luster; clypeus yellowish-white; supraclypeal mark yellowish-white, large, transverse; paraocular mark yellowish-white, subtriangular, reaching level of summit of clypeus, generally extending in thin line along eye above level of antennal socket; mandible white, tip reddish; labrum white, sometimes with basomedial dark spot; scape yellowish-tan; antenna tan or brown dorsally, yellowish-tan ventrally; pronotal collar variably marked, ranging from yellow with traces of brown medially to entirely brown with pair of dorso-posterior transverse yellow marks; pronotal lobe yellow; metapleuron and anterior propodeum variable, ranging from entirely yellow to mostly brown with yellow limited to area directly below wing base ( Fig. 38 B); propodeum with narrow yellow triangle dorsoanteriorly, triangle often reduced or absent; legs yellow, except more or less brown (brown marks ranging from large and distinct to nearly absent) basally on all coxae, posterior face of fore tibia, dorsoapical spot on mid and hind femora, basally on mid tibia, medioanteriorly on mid tibia, and distal hind tarsi; wing veins ranging from light to dark brown; metasoma yellowish-white with multiple large dark brown spots ( Fig. 6 D); T1 mostly brown on anterior face, posterior face with two large apico-sublateral spots; T2–T6 with five spots: one medial large triangular mark, two small baso-lateral spots (spots on T2–T3 more transverse with basal spots often merging into continuous band), and two relatively large, prominent apico-sublateral spots; T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate transparent yellow.

Structure and vestiture. Head oval, width and length equal or slightly longer than broad ( Fig. 8 D); face except for clypeus, lower supraclypeal area, and frons covered by sparse recumbent white pubescence; eyes slightly converging ventrally; mandible simple, extending to far side of labrum in repose; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding less than 1 OD from face; lateral extension reaching 1/3 distance to base of mandible; head with sparse pubescence ventrally; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and scutum sparsely covered by combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; hind tibia with sparse, short, slightly thickened hairs; metasoma narrower or equal in width to mesosoma, suboval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 ( Fig. 6 D); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea typically linear, slightly thickened, 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate narrowly triangular, apex narrow, point slightly rounded ( Fig. 23 I); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, sparse.

Terminalia . S8 ( Fig. 56 I) with spiculum narrow, bifurcate, lateral apodemes not prominent; apical portion slightly convex, longer than broad, sides weakly converging above, apex truncate, strongly folded over dorsally, flattened on top, flattened area slightly and evenly emarginate dorsally; sparse short hairs ventrally; large circle of cuticle thinned subapically. Genital capsule as in Figs. 59 C–D. Gonostyli separated dorsally by narrow V-shape; ventral lobe slightly longer than dorsal lobe, extending to level of apex of penis valve with few minute hairs on apex; volsella much shorter than gonostylus; cuspis with two spicules subapically on outer margin; digitus shorter than cuspis with one spicule subapically on inner margin; penis valve parallel, narrowed slightly before expanded apex, apex turned slightly outward; endophallus extending slightly beyond level of apex of penis valve.

Floral records. Asteraceae (2 ♂): Tetradymia comosa 1 ♂, Te. sp. 1 ♂, Boraginaceae (47 ♂ 51 ♀): Nama sp. 14 ♂ 31 ♀, Tiquilia nuttallii 32 ♂ 19 ♀, T. sp. 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Fabaceae (1 ♂): Astragalus sp. 1 ♂, Tamaricaceae (2 ♀): Tamarix sp. 2 ♀.

Phenology. Active from April to September.

Distribution. Great Basin ( Fig. 39 ), USA.

Type material. Holotype data: ♀, OREGON: Harney Co.: Road to Mickey Hot Springs ; BM 4125 0.9 km E (42.66242 -118.42136): 17 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman, Tiquilia nuttallii ( BBSL, accession no. BBSL 816147 ) . Paratype data: (30 ♂ 22 ♀) NEVADA: Churchill Co.: Sand Mountain Dunes (39.2763 -118.4161) : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 6 Jun 2000, R. Andrus, Tiquilia sp.; Lyon Co.: Fernley (39.56531 -119.19343): 1 ♂, 1 Jun 1996, F.D. Parker, Tetradymia sp. ; 5 ♂, 12 Jul 1996, F.D. Parker; Fernley (39.608 -119.2508): 1 ♂ 5 ♀, 9 Jun 1994, F.D. Parker; Mineral Co.: Marrietta, 3 mi S (38.2 -118.3) : 1 ♀, 16 Aug 1998, F.D. Parker; Washoe Co.: Nixon, 5 mi N (39.8868 -119.3882) : 1 ♂, 30 May 1996, F.D. Parker, Astragalus sp.; Patrick (39.5453 -119.5783): 1 ♂, 22 Jun 1971, R.M. Bohart; Wadsworth, 2.8 mi W (39.6152 -119.244): 1 ♂, 23 Jun 1962, G.I. Stage, Te. comosa (USNM); 4 ♂, 23 Jun 1962, G.I. Stage, T. nuttallii (USNM); 1 ♀, 22 Jun 1963, G.I. Stage, T. nuttallii (USNM); 2 ♀, 30 Jun 1963, G.I. Stage, T. nuttallii (USNM). OREGON: Harney Co.: Mickey Hot Springs, 5.8 km WSW (42.65795 -118.41258): 5 ♀, 18 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman; Road to Mickey Hot Springs; BM 4125 0.9 km E (42.66242 -118.42136) : 4 ♂, 17 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. nuttallii ; Road to Mickey Hot Springs; BM 4127, 0.5 km SW (42.65692 -118.4108): 1 ♂, 18 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman; 1 ♂ 4 ♀, 18 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. nuttallii ; Road to Mickey Hot Springs; Mickey Hot Springs, 5.7 km WSW (42.65772 -118.41238): 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 18 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. nuttallii (1 ♀ UCRC); Wildhorse Valley ; E Steens Rd (42.47918 -118.59232): 8 ♂ 1 ♀, 18 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. nuttallii (1 ♂ UCRC) .

Additional material examined. Total specimens: 228 ♂ 564 ♀. NEVADA: Churchill Co.: Fallon , 22 mi S (39.16 -118.73) : 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1996, F.D. Parker; Hazen, 6 mi E (39.5209 -118.9561): 1 ♀, 31 May 1995, F.D. Parker; Sand Mountain , 25 mi SE Fallon (39.3163 -118.4128) : 14 ♂ 31 ♀, 17 Jun 1981, R.W. Rust, Nama sp.; Elko Co.: Montello, 17 mi NE (41.4 -113.93) : 3 ♀, 16 Jul 2000, F.D. Parker; Montello, 9 mi NE (41.35 -114.07): 17 ♂ 14 ♀, 26 Jul 2000, F.D. Parker; Oasis, 10 mi NE (41.13 -114.33): 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 26 Jul 2000, F.D. Parker; Lyon Co.: Fernley (39.56531 -119.19343) : 3 ♂ 9 ♀, 12 Jul 1996, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 12 Jul 1996, F.D. Parker, Tamarix sp.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 24 Jul 1996, F.D. Parker; Mineral Co.: Marrietta, 3 mi S (38.2 -118.3) : 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 16 Aug 1998, F.D. Parker; Nye Co.: 16 mi E Gabbs (38.8605 -117.623) : 1 ♀, 22 Aug 1998, F.D. Parker; Washoe Co.: Nixon, 4 mi N (39.8734 -119.3952) : 1 ♀, 16 Jun 1994, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 7 Jun 1996, F.D. Parker, Ta. sp.; Wadsworth, 2.8 mi W (39.6152 -119.244): 4 ♂, 23 Jun 1962, G.I. Stage, Tiquilia nuttallii ; 1 ♂, 22 Jun 1963, G.I. Stage; 1 ♂, 23 Jun 1963, G.I. Stage, T. nuttallii ; 1 ♀, 3 Jul 1963, G.I. Stage, T. nuttallii . OREGON: Harney Co.: Mickey Hot Springs, 5.8 km WSW (42.65795 -118.41258) : 1 ♀, 18 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman; Road to Mickey Hot Springs; BM 4127, 0.5 km SW (42.65692 -118.4108): 4 ♀, 18 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. nuttallii ; Wildhorse Valley ; E Steens Rd (42.47918 -118.59232) : 1 ♂, 18 Jun 2012, Z.M. Portman, T. nuttallii . UTAH: Box Elder Co.: Park Valley , 35 mi SW (41.446 -113.6842) : 1 ♂ 5 ♀, 24 Jun 1973, P.F. Torchio; Tooele Co.: 0.7 mi NW Little Granite Mt. (40.2057 - 112.8456) : 1 ♀, 10 Jun 2003, O.J. Messinger, R. Andrus; 1 ♀, 1 Jul 2003, J.S. Wilson, O.J. Messinger; 5 ♀, 18 Jul 2003, R. Andrus, C. Boyers; 1 ♀, 13 Aug 2003, J.S. Wilson, J. Pitts; 1 ♂, 9 Sep 2003, O.J. Messinger, H. Ikerd; 1 ♂, 14 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1 ♀, 22 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1 ♂, 7 Jul 2005, J. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1 ♂ 5 ♀, 19 Jul 2005, E. Jarrell, J.S. Wilson; 1 ♀, 4 Aug 2005, J.S. Wilson, L. Wilson; 2 ♀, 22 Aug 2005, J.S. Wilson; 1.2 mi W Little Granite Mt. (40.1989 -112.8621) : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1 Jun 2004, S. Plunkett; 4 ♂ 4 ♀, 14 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1.3 mi W Little Granite Mt. (40.1977 -112.8612) : 2 ♀, 1 Jul 2003, J.S. Wilson, O.J. Messinger; 1 ♀, 13 Aug 2003, J.S. Wilson, J. Pitts; 1 ♀, 26 Aug 2003, O.J. Messinger, B. Bradley; 8 ♀, 14 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 5 ♀, 22 Jun 2005, E. Jarrell, J.S. Wilson; 3 ♂ 7 ♀, 19 Jul 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 4 Aug 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 2 ♀, 22 Aug 2005, J.S. Wilson; 1 ♂, 14 Sep 2005, O.J. Messinger, K.T. Huntzinger; 1.7 mi N Little Granite Mt. Sand Dune (40.2227 -112.8404) : 1 ♂, 1 Jun 2004, S. Plunkett; 1.8 mi WNW Simpson Butte (40.082 -112.9347) : 3 ♂ 6 ♀, 23 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 2 ♀, 23 Jun 2005, collector unknown; 2 mi N Little Granite Mt. (40.225 -112.833) : 2 ♀, 1 Jul 2003, J.S. Wilson, O.J. Messinger; 1 ♀, 18 Jul 2003, R. Andrus, C. Boyers; 1 ♂, 23 Sep 2003, T.L. Griswold, H. Ikerd; 2 ♂, 7 Jul 2005, J. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1 ♂, 19 Jul 2005, J. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 4 ♂ 5 ♀, 19 Jul 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 4 Aug 2005, J.S. Wilson, L. Wilson; 3 ♀, 22 Aug 2005, J.S. Wilson; 2.8 mi W Simpson Buttes (40.0698 -112.9366) : 9 ♂ 11 ♀, 17 Jun 2003, J.S. Wilson; 4 ♂ 3 ♀, 17 Jun 2003, J.S. Wilson, T. nuttallii ; 42 ♂ 39 ♀, 17 Jul 2003, R. Andrus, C. Boyers; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, 30 Jul 2003, J.S. Wilson, C.M. Davidson; 21 ♂ 149 ♀, 13 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 29 ♂ 86 ♀, 23 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 9 ♂ 7 ♀, 20 Jul 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 5 ♂ 27 ♀, 22 Aug 2005, J.S. Wilson; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, 15 Sep 2005, O.J. Messinger, K.T. Huntzinger; 3.5 mi N Wig Mt. (40.3648 -113.088) : 1 ♀, 17 Jul 2003, R. Andrus, C. Boyers; 4.17 mi SE Wig Mt. (40.2779 -113.0068) : 1 ♂, 21 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 4.6 mi WSW Little Granite Mtn. (40.1774 -112.9218) : 7 ♂ 19 ♀, 13 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 4 ♂ 21 ♀, 23 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 20 Jul 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 22 Aug 2005, J.S. Wilson; 6.3 mi N Wig Mt. (40.4007 -113.0909) : 1 ♂ 6 ♀, 21 Jun 2005, J.S. Wilson, E. Jarrell; Camels Back Ridge, 3 mi NNE (40.1705 -112.9314): 1 ♀, 18 Jul 2003, J.S. Wilson, C.M. Davidson; Camels Back Ridge, 3 mi NNE (40.1706 -112.9297): 2 ♂, 11 Jun 2003, O.J. Messinger, T. nuttallii ; 2 ♂, 12 Jun 2003, R. Andrus, T. nuttallii ; 5 ♂ 20 ♀, 17 Jun 2003, J.S. Wilson; Dugway Proving Grounds, N; Tabbys Peak, 9 km SW (site 13) (40.4296 - 113.0946): 1 ♀, 3 Jun 1997, T. Toler; Dugway Proving Grounds; Ditto HQ, 2 km S (site 34B, W) (40.1639 - 112.9297): 1 ♂, 2 Jun 1998, T. Toler; Dugway Proving Grounds; Ditto HQ, 2.5 km N (site 33B, Y) (40.2014 - 112.92): 1 ♀, 2 Jun 1998, T. Toler; Dugway Proving Grounds; Dog Area (Ditto), 1 km W (site 19B) (40.1741 - 112.9191) : 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 27 May 1997, T. Toler; 2 ♀, 3 Jun 1997, T. Toler; 4 ♀, 1 Jul 1997, T. Toler; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 10 Jul 1997, T. Toler; Dugway Proving Grounds; Dog Area (Ditto), 9 km N (site 21B) (40.2668 -112.9478) : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3 Jun 1997, T. Toler; Dugway Proving Grounds; Wig Flats, S (site 18) (40.17113 -112.94218): 1 ♀, 12 Jun 1997, T. Toler; Dugway Proving Grounds; Wig Mt. , 5.5 km E (site5) (40.1937 -112.8586) : 1 ♀, 3 Jun 1997, T. Toler; 1 ♂, 10 Jun 1997, T. Toler.

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the host plant of P. nuttalliae , Tiquilia nuttallii (Hook.) A. Richardson.

Remarks. Numerous specimens of P. nuttalliae were examined by Timberlake and identified as P. arenaria .

Figures

FIGURE 6. Spotted male metasomas. (A) Perdita arenaria (paratype, UCRC 166022; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. frontalis (BBSL 813851; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. maculosa (BBSL 277846; Clark Co., NV). (D) P. nuttalliae (Paratype, BBSL 816190; Harney Co., OR). (E) P. sycorax (paratype, 37225; Emery Co., UT). (F) P. titania (paratype, UCRC 166000; Imperial Co., CA). (G) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 842195; San Bernardino Co., CA). (H) P. yanegai (paratype, UCRC 166011; Riverside Co., CA). All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Spotted female metasomas. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 813432; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. frontalis (BBSL 813797; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. maculosa (BBSL 638406; Clark Co., NV). (D) P. nuttalliae (paratype, BBSL 816167; Harney Co., OR). (E) P. sycorax (paratype, BBSL 389685; Emery Co., UT). (F) P. titania (paratype, BBSL 342256; San Bernardino Co., CA). (G) P. wasbaueri (141836; Imperial Co., CA). (H) P. yanegai (BBSL 282782; Clark Co., NV). (I) P. bellula with distinct spots (FDP 161540; Riverside Co., CA). All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Spotted male faces. (A) Perdita arenaria (UCRC 166001; Baja California, MEX). (B) P. frontalis (BBSL 813803; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. maculosa (BBSL 277846; Clark Co., NV). (D) P. nuttalliae (paratype, BBSL 816134; Harney Co., OR). (E) P. sycorax (paratype, 37234; Emery Co., UT). (F) P. titania (paratype, UCRC 166000; Imperial Co., CA). (G) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 842195; San Bernardino Co., CA). (H) P. yanegai (paratype, UCRC 166011; Riverside Co., CA). All scale bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 9. Spotted female faces. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 813437; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. frontalis with light marks on frons (BBSL 813822; Imperial Co., CA). (C) P. frontalis without light marks on frons (BBSL 813797; Imperial Co., CA). (D) P. maculosa (UCRC 179125; Riverside Co., CA). (E) P. nuttalliae (142005; Box Elder Co., UT). (F) P. sycorax (paratype, 37239; Emery Co., UT). (G) P. titania (paratype, BBSL 326372; San Bernardino Co., CA). (H) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 842199; San Bernardino Co., CA). (I) P. yanegai (BBSL 282782; Clark Co., NV). All scales bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 23. Male pygidial plates. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 814703; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. bellula (103717; San Bernardino Co., CA). (C) P. coldeniae (UCRC 277998; Imperial Co., CA). (D) P. exusta (141888; Clark Co., NV). (E) P. frontalis (BBSL 989204; Imperial Co., CA). (F) P. hippolyta (paratype, BBSL 844677; Culberson Co., TX). (G) P. hooki (note: the pygidial plate is from a dissected specimen and the lateral edges have been artificially enhanced to give a better idea of the lateral edges, paratype, BBSL 852902; Coahuila de Zaragoza, MEX). (H) P. maculosa (BBSL 668379; Clark Co., NV). (I) P. nuttalliae (paratype, BBSL 816190; Harney Co., OR). (J) P. optiva (BBSL 813428; Imperial Co., CA). (K) P. pilonotata (CAVE 17654; Eddy Co., NM). (L) P. prodigiosa (paratype, BBSL 344085; Clark Co., NV). (M) P. rhodogastra (UCRC 277717; Yuma Co., AZ). (N) P. scutellaris (DEVA 55305; San Bernardino Co., CA). (O) P. sexfasciata (141736; San Bernardino Co., CA). (P) P. sycorax (note: the picture is taken at an angle but it still accurately represents the shape the pygidial plate, paratype, 37225; Emery Co., UT). (Q) P. titania (pygidial plate is artificially outlined for better visibility, paratype, UCRC 166000; Imperial Co., CA). (R) P. trifasciata (141767; Chihuahua, MEX). (S) P. vesca (BBSL 816156; Harney Co., OR). (T) P. wasbaueri (BBSL 904842; Imperial Co., CA). (U) P. yanegai (UCRC 50407; Riverside Co., CA). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 24. Female pygidial plates. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 289244; Clark Co., NV). (B) P. bellula (103744; San Bernardino Co., CA). (C) P. coldeniae (BBSL 813873; Imperial Co., CA). (D) P. desdemona (holotype, BBSL 289742; San Bernardino Co., CA). (E) P. exusta (paratype, 141946; Clark Co., NV). (F) P. frontalis (BBSL 813797; Imperial Co., CA). (G) P. hippolyta (paratype, BBSL 844647; Culberson Co., TX). (H) P. hooki (paratype, 141840; Terrell Co., TX). (I) P. maculosa (UCRC 179125; Riverside Co., CA). (J) P. nuttalliae (142005; Box Elder Co., UT). (K) P. optiva (BBSL 284974; Clark Co., NV). (L) P. pilonotata (neotype, UCRC 182770; Otero Co., NM). (M) P. prodigiosa (paratype, BBSL 319169; Clark Co., NV). (N) P. rhodogastra, pointed (FDP 102612; Maricopa Co., AZ). (O) P. rhodogastra, rounded (BBSL 271674; Clark Co., NV). (P) P. scutellaris (BBSL 904845; Imperial Co., CA). (Q) P. sexfasciata (BBSL 295303; Clark Co., NV). (R) P. sycorax (paratype, 37238; Emery Co., UT). (S) P. titania (holotype, BBSL 326372; San Bernardino Co., CA). (T) P. trifasciata (FDP 75046; Brewster Co., TX). (U) P. vesca (BBSL 339200; Nye Co., NV). (V) P. wasbaueri (141836; Imperial Co., CA). (W) P. yanegai (UCRC 221828; San Bernardino Co., CA). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 38. Perdita nuttalliae (A) female lateral habitus (142005; Box Elder Co., UT), (B) male lateral habitus (paratype, BBSL 816134; Harney Co., OR). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 39. Distribution of Perdita maculosa (circles), P. nuttalliae (squares), and P. sycorax (triangles). Scale bar = 100 km.

FIGURE 56. Male S 8 in dorsal view. (A) Perdita arenaria (BBSL 814693; Imperial Co., CA). (B) P. bellula (BBSL 842486; Riverside Co., CA). (C) P. coldeniae (BBSL 813338; Yuma Co., AZ). (D) P. exusta (BBSL 578345; Clark Co., NV). (E) P. frontalis (BBSL 813814; Imperial Co., CA). (F) P. hippolyta (paratype, CAVE 4578; Eddy Co., NM). (G) P. hooki (paratype, BBSL 852902; Coahuila, MEX). (H) P. maculosa (BBSL 638408; Clark Co., NV). (I) P. nuttalliae (BBSL 816192; Harney Co., OR). (J) P. optiva (BBSL 814695; Imperial Co., CA). (K) P. pilonotata (CAVE 17654; Eddy Co., NM). (L) P. prodigiosa (BBSL 344096; Clark Co., NV). Scale bar = 0.25 mm. All images are at the same scale.

FIGURE 59. Male genital capsules in ventral and dorsal view. (A) Perdita maculosa dorsal and (B) ventral (BBSL 638408; Clark Co., NV). (C) P. nuttalliae dorsal and (D) ventral (BBSL 641661; Tooele Co., UT). (E) P. optiva dorsal and (F) ventral (BBSL 814695; Imperial Co., CA). (G) P. pilonotata dorsal and (H) ventral (CAVE 17654; Eddy Co., NM). (I) P. prodigiosa dorsal, (J) dorsal, and (K) lateral (BBSL 344096; Clark Co., NV). (L) P. rhodogastra dorsal and (M) ventral (BBSL 817848; Riverside Co., CA). (N) P. scutellaris dorsal and (O) ventral (DEVA 55310; San Bernardino Co., CA). Scale bar = 0.25 mm. All images are at the same scale.