Engelimyia inops ( Walker, 1849 )

Pape, Thomas & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2006, Revision of Engelimyia Lopes, 1975 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Zootaxa 1256, pp. 21-47 : 30-35

Engelimyia inops ( Walker, 1849)

Figs 9–22 , 40

Sarcophaga inops Walker, 1849: 816 . Type locality unknown. Holotype Ψ in BMNH, not examined.

Sarcophaga (Paraphrissopoda) cassidifera Engel, 1931: 152 . Type locality: Bolivia, El Cairo. Lectotype ♂, by present designation, in SMNS.

Sarcophaga cassidifera: Lopes (1935, 1939, 1941, 1969).

Engelimyia cassidifera: Lopes (1975, new combination proposed).

Engelimyia inops: Lopes (1976, new synonymy proposed); Lopes & Tibana (1982); Pape (1996).

Description of adult male

Like E. bosqi but differing by the following: Head: Frons at vertex 0.24 x head width; frontal row of 9–14 bristles; outer vertical bristle not differentiated from postocular setae and about 0.20 x as long as inner vertical bristle; first flagellomere about 2.0 x as long as pedicel; arista long plumose in basal 0.65. Thorax: Meropleurals 9–11; mid femur with a row of 4–5 median anterior bristles and 1–3 median anteroventral. Abdomen: ST5 with a conspicuous median projection, which in lateral view is distinctly recurving; outline of posterior half rectangular in lateral view, but with the ventral margin shallowly concave and the anterior margin recurving ( Fig. 13 ). Anterior margin broadly U­shaped, posterolateral lobes broad and almost triangular ( Fig. 14 ). Terminalia: Cercus bearing a set of strong setae on mid lateral margin and small spines and setulae apically, in profile with sinuous dorsal margin and with ovally rounded tip and distal part set at a blunt angle to the longitudinal axis ( Fig. 11 ). Cerci in posterior view asymmetrical, with apico­median part of right cercus slightly overlapping its counterpart, tips slightly diverging ( Fig. 10 ). Surstylus slightly concave on anterior (or ventral) margin ( Fig. 12 ), with the tip bifid in the transverse plane, and lateral prong slightly shorter than median prong. Pregonite slightly longer than postgonite, shallowly sinuous on basal margin and with a notch or bifurcation along the posterior (or dorsal) margin, distal half set at about 45 degrees to the basal half; postgonite gently curved and with 2 well­developed bristles on anterior margin ( Fig. 15 ). Phallic tube with anterior (ventral) margin sinuous but not particularly projecting; a pair of gently curved posterior apophyses (juxta), and a very large, membranous apical structure, which has spines that are particularly developed on the anterior surface; small vesica with the spinose proximal edges folded outwards; lateral styli with base expanded into a large, tongue­like structure ( Figs 16, 17 , 40 ).

Distribution

Neotropical—Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), British Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago ( Trinidad). [Note: Record from Peru was taken from Pape (1996) but the specimen was not re­examined.]

Material examined

Bolivia: 1 ♂, El Cairo, viii.1926, Lindner, O. Chaco­Exped. ( SMNS). Brazil: 1 ♂, “ Brasilien ”, “coll. Wiedem.” ( USNM); 1 ♂, Amazonas, Benjamin Constant, Rio Javary, 25.i.–15.ii.1942, leg. A. Rabaut ( AMNH); 3 ♂, Espírito Santo, Linhares, vi.1972, leg. P.C. Elias ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, Espírito Santo, São Mateus, v.1972 ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, Espírito Santo, Linhares, Parque Sooretama, v.1953, leg. P. A. Teles ( MNRJ); 2 ♂, Mato Grosso, Chapada, coll. Williston ( USNM); 1 ♂, Maracaju, Mato Grosso, v.1927, Serviço Febre Amarela, M.E.S. ( USNM); 2 ♂ 2 Ψ, Mato Grosso, Sinop (12º31’S 55º37’W), x.1975, leg. Alvarenga & Roppa ( MNRJ); 2 ♂ 4 Ψ, Mato Grosso, Juína, v.1985, leg. O. Roppa & B. Silva ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, Pará, Belém, Mocambo, viii.1969, leg. H.S. Lopes ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, v.1933, leg. H.S. Lopes ( USNM); 3 Ψ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, ix.1938, leg. R.C. Shannon ( USNM); 1 Ψ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, viii.1938, leg. R.C. Shannon ( USNM); 1 ♂ 2 Ψ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, i.1939, leg. R.C. Shannon ( USNM); 1 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, i.1939, Serviço Febre Amarela, M.E.S. ( USNM); 1 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico, vi.1935, leg. H. S. Lopes ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, vi.1936 ( USNM); 2 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú, 2.xii.1937 and v.1947, leg. H. S. Lopes ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú, 22.xii.1940, leg. Lopes & Oliveira ( MNRJ); 3 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, 9 and 12.v.1971, leg. H. S. Lopes ( MNRJ); 2 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, 8 and 9.vi.1971, leg. H. S. Lopes ( MNRJ); 4 ♂ 2 Ψ, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, vii.1971 [reared in lab, breeding 989 and 993] ( MNRJ); 1 ♂ 1 Ψ, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, vii.1972 [reared in lab, breeding 1073] ( MNRJ); 2 Ψ, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, 30.vii.1972 and 19 viii.1972, leg. H.S. Lopes ( AMNH); 2 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, 24.vi.1972 and 21.viii.1972 ( USNM); 2 Ψ, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, 11.xi.1972, 12.xii.1972 ( USNM); 2 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, 2.x.1972 and 28.ii.1973, leg. H.S. Lopes ( AMNH); 1 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Palmeiras, 7–11.vi.1940, leg. H. S. Lopes ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Tinguá, v.1940 ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Xerém, vii.1969, leg. H. Ebert ( MNRJ); 1 ♂ 1 Ψ, Rio de Janeiro, Tingua, vi.1940, leg. R.C. Shannon ( USNM); 1 ♂, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, 23.i.1972, leg. H. S. Lopes ( MNRJ); 1 ♂, São Paulo, Caraguatatuba, Reserva Florestal, 2.iv.1962, leg. K. Lenko ( MNRJ); 2 ♂ 2 Ψ, São Paulo, Anhembi, Fazenda Barreiro Rico, 14.ii.1969, leg. W. Kempf, J. C. Magalhães, L. Travassos Filho, M. Kuhlmann, R. Travassos ( MNRJ). British Guiana: 1 ♂, Rockstone, 7.xi.1933, [no collector] ( AMNH). Colombia: 1 ♂, Vaupés, Estación Biológica Mosiro­Itajura (Caparú), Centro Ambiental 1º4'S 69º31'W, 60 m, 20.i.–1.ii.2003, M. Sharkey & D. Arias, Malaise (IAvH). Ecuador: 3 ♂ 1 Ψ, Napo province, Rio Napo, Pompeya, Pastaza, 14–22.v.1965, leg. L. Pena ( CNC); 1 ♂, Napo province, Rio Napo, Coca, v.1965, leg. L. Pena ( MNRJ); 2 ♂, Napo province, Yasuni National Park, Yasuni Research Station, 3–20.xi.1998, T. Pape & B. Viklund ( SMNH). Trinidad & Tobago: 2 ♂, Trinidad, Arima Valley, 10–22.ii.1964, leg Rozen & Wygodzinsky ( AMNH); 1 Ψ, Trinidad, Arima, St Andrews, Springhill Estate, 7–9.ii.1984, leg. W.L. Murphy ( USNM).

Remarks

As listed above, the nominal taxon Sarcophaga inops has a female holotype. This raises a problem, as we cannot at this moment distinguish between females of Engelimyia . The nomenclatural implication of this is that we cannot reliably associate the namebearing type with any of the male­based species concepts. We have decided to accept the synonymy between inops and cassidifera because it has already been accepted and applied in the current world catalogue ( Pape 1996) as well as in the online nomenclator of the Biosystematic Database of World Diptera ( Thompson 2005) , and the synonymy has not been questioned since its proposal by Lopes (1976). Walker (1849) gave no locality for his S. inops , and with no specific geographical provenance for the holotype, distributional information provides no clue as to which of the four species of Engelimyia should rightfully carry the name inops . Considering the wider distribution and the much more frequent appearance of the present species in scientific collections, and perhaps even the fact that very few nominal species were described by Walker from non­Mexican Central America, we consider the odds to be highest that the synonymy between the nominal taxa S. inops and S. cassidifera is correct.

Lectotype designation: Engel (1931) described Sarcophaga cassidifera from a male and a female considered conspecific, but he obviously based his species concept mainly on the male, as this specimen was extensively described and illustrated, and even labelled (but not published) as “ Type ”. Subsequent authors (e.g., Pape 1996) have used the locality of this male as type locality, even if Engel did not designate the male as holotype, and no lectotype had subsequently been designated. We hereby designate the male as lectotype in order to fix unambiguously the identity of the nominal species Sarcophaga cassidifera E ngel, 1931 and to restrict the type locality. The specimen selected as lectotype is in good condition, with terminalia extended in situ, and it carries two labels: “El Cairo Boliv. VIII.26. Lind. O. Chaco­Exped.” and a red label giving “ Type von S. cassidifera Engel ”. We have equipped the specimen with an additional, red label with “ LECTOTYPE ♂ Sarcophaga cassidifera Engel, Pape & Mello­Patiu det.”. The female syntype, which is in good condition, is labelled “Fortia Esteros Bolivia. III.25. O. Chaco­Exped.” and a red label giving “ ParaType von Ψ S. cassidifera Engel. ”. It is herewith automatically designated as paralectotype and has been given a corresponding label. Identity: Peckia sp.

Figures

FIGURES 9 – 14. Engelimyia inops (Walker, 1849), male terminalia. 9. Terminalia with phallus and associated structures omitted. 10. Cerci, posterior view. 11. Left cercus, lateral view. 12. Left surstylus, lateral view. 13. Sternite 5, lateral view. 14. Sternite 5, ventral view.

FIGURES 15 – 18. Engelimyia inops (Walker, 1849), male terminalia. 15. Phallus and associated structures, left lateral view. 16. Distiphallus, lateral view. 17. Distiphallus, dorsal view. 18. Distiphallus, ventral view. Abbreviations: dp = distiphallus, ha = hypandrium, ju = juxta, ls = lateral styli, pt = phallic tube, prg = pregonite, ptg = postgonite, ve = vesica.

FIGURES 19 – 22. Engelimyia inops (Walker, 1849), distiphallus. 19. left lateral view. 20. posterior view. 21. anterior view. 22. juxta. Scales: 19 – 21 = 100 µm, 22 = 10 µm.

FIGURES 39 – 42. Distiphallus of Engelimyia spp. with homologous structures referred to in the text indicated by different colours. 39. E. bosqi. 40. E. inops. 41. E. psino. 42. E. qibos. Abbreviations [and colours]: anm = anterior membranous structure [light green], apm = apical membranous structure [pink], ju = juxta [orange], ls = lateral styli [exposed part dark green], pt = phallic tube [blue], ve = vesica [yellow].