Manota explicans, Hippa, Heikki, 2007

Hippa, Heikki, 2007, The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Melanesia and Oceania, Zootaxa 1502, pp. 1-44 : 17-19

Manota explicans sp. n.

( Figs 1 B, 2E, 9A–D)

A small-sized Manota

Male. Coloration. Pale brown, dorsal part of head darker brown, mouthparts and legs paler than thorax but basal part of femur 3 darker, in some specimens the latter indistinct, in some specimens faint traces of darkening in the basal part of femur 2, wing unicolorous, hyaline pale yellowish-brown, knob of haltere dark. Head. Antennal flagellomere 4, Fig. 9 D. Palpomere 3 of maxillary palpus with apicomesial extension, with 4–5 apically expanded curved sensilla; palpomere 4 with parasegment. Thorax. Pleural setosity pattern, Fig. 1 B: anepisternum setose, with 9–15 setae, the setae on anterior half of the sclerite; anterior basalare non-setose; preepisternum 2 setose, with 18–26 setae; laterotergite setose, with ca. 8–17 setae; episternum 3 setose, with 9–18 setae, the setae concentrated on anterior half. Wing. Length 1.6–1.9 mm. Hypopygium ( Figs 9 A, B). Sternite 9 posteriorly extending to approximately halfway between the base of gonocoxa and the base of gonostylus, laterally fused with gonocoxa except for the extreme posterior part, posterior margin slightly notched, anterior margin deeply incised, setae similar to ventral setae of gonocoxa. Parastylar lobe distinct but concealed under the large rounded mesial lobe of gonocoxa, with three setae directed obliquely posteriorly. Paraapodemal lobe indistinct, not exposed in ventral view. The dorsal mesial margin of gonocoxa with a setose lobe just beyond the middle and two similar lobes subapically. One juxtagonostylar seta present: a curved megaseta arising from a small basal body which is scarcely more than the socket of the megaseta, the megaseta probably expanded at apex, similar to M. serawei ( Fig. 4 A), but the character cannot be clearly seen in any of the specimens. Gonostylar apodemes not observable in the specimens studied, apparently because the hypopygia were not treated with KOH. Paraapodemal lobe not exposed, probably absent. Gonostylus elongate, tapering towards the apex, with rather uniform moderately long setae ventrally and laterally, mesially and dorsally non-setose except for an apicomesial area of long straight setae. Tegmen broadly triangular, with weak lateral shoulders, with an unusually long apicoventral tube. Hypoproct unusually large, filling the space between gonocoxae and tergite 9, with ca. 50 scattered ventral setae on each half. Cerci separate.

Female. Similar to male. Antennal flagellomere 4, Fig. 9 C. Anepisternum with 6 setae, anterior basalare non-setose, preepisternum 2 with ca. 13 setae, laterotergite with ca. 9 setae, episternum 3 with 5 setae. Wing length 2.1 mm. Apical part of abdomen, Fig. 2 E: setae on tergite 9 arising from basal bodies, which are much longer than they are basally wide. Cercus two-segmented.

Preimaginal stages unknown.

Discussion. M. explicans somewhat resembles M. perissochaeta even though the species are abundantly different. The lobes at the dorsal mesial margin of gonocoxa are remiscent but much more strongly expressed in M. explicans , and the more apical of the two subapical lobes is exposed, not concealed under the more basal one. The latter lobe is also narrower and not similarly contiguous with the dorsalmost margin as it is in M. perissochaeta . In addition, the species are distinguished as follows: in M. explicans sternite 9 is laterally fused with the gonocoxa, without a long lateral margin, the ventral mesial margin of gonocoxa is strongly convex, not straight with a curvature at the parastylar lobe, the parastylar lobe is broad and with three setae instead of a tiny inconspicuous plate with two setae, there is only one juxtagonostylar seta instead of two, the hypoproct is unusually large, wider than the space between gonocoxae and anteriorly extending under the posterior part of tergite 9 instead of being of the usual proportions, the anterior margin of hypoproct lacks the strong long setae typical for M. perissochaeta , and the cerci are separate, not medially fused. The unusually large hypoproct separates M. explicans from all the other Manota for which this character is described. M. explicans and M. perissochaeta bear some resemblance to M. serawei in the characters of the hypopygium, but have a setose anepisternum unlike M. serawei . For more discussion, see under M. serawei . In M. explicans the setosity of anepisternum is limited to the anterior half of the sclerite and distinguishes both sexes of the species at least from other species in the Melanesian and Oceanian regions.

Types. Holotype. Male, Papua New Guinea, Morobe province, Ilauru, Mt. Kolorong, 2200 m, Malaise in primary forest close to field station, 30.X.–11.XI.1999, H. Hippa, R. Norberg and D. Borisch (in NRM).

Paratypes. 5 males with same data as holotype (in NRM); 1 male with same data as holotype except 26– 30.X (in NRM). 2 males with same data as holotype except 2260 m, Malaise trap in primary mountain forest, 26–30.X.1999 (in NRM).

Other material. 1 female with same data as the holotype (in NRM).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pleura, lateral view. A. Manota serawei sp. n. (holotype). B. M. explicans sp. n. (paratype). C. M. perissochaeta sp. n. (paratype). D. M. spathula sp. n. (holotype). E. M. bicuspis sp. n. (paratype). Scale 0.10 mm.

FIGURE 2. Apical part of female abdomen, lateral view. A. Manota orthacantha sp. n. B. M. taedia Matile. C. M. ctenophora Matile. D. M. spathula sp. n. E. M. explicans sp. n. F. M. serawei sp. n. Scale 0.10 mm.

FIGURE 4. Manota serawei sp. n. (holotype): A. Hypopygium in dorsal view. B. Hypopygium in ventral view. C. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral view. Scale for A and B 0.10 mm, for C 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 9. Manota explicans sp. n.: A. Hypopygium, dorsal view (holotype). B. Hypopygium, ventral view (paratype). C. Female antennal flagellomere 4, lateral view. D. Male antennal flagellomere 4, lateral view (paratype). Scale for A and B 0.10 mm, for C and D 0.05 mm.