Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula ( Goeze, 1777 )

Yamamoto, Shûhei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), Zootaxa 4101 (1), pp. 1-68 : 20-30

Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula ( Goeze, 1777)

( Figs 2 , 11 , 20 , 29 , 38 , 52–64 , 110 , 122 )

Staphylinus curtulus Goeze, 1777: 730 (original description; type locality: unspecified in original description).

Aleochara curtula ( Goeze, 1777) ; Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 [as subgenus Aleochara (s. str.); catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae ]; Klimaszewski, 1984: 71 (as subgenus Aleochara ; in key to North American species of subgenus Aleochara ), 76 (redescription); Welch, 1997: 10 (as subgenus Aleochara ; list of British species of Aleochara ), 16 (in key to British species of genus Aleochara ); Ahn et al., 2000: 246 (as subgenus Aleochara ; in key to Korean species of genus Aleochara ); Cho & Ahn, 2001: 30 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Korean species of Silphidae and Staphylinidae ); Paśnik, 2001: 230 (as subgenus Aleochara ; record from North Korea); Smetana, 2004b: 353 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae ); Park & Ahn, 2010a: 317 (as subgenus Aleochara ; in key to Far-Eastern species of subgenus Aleochara ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 180 [as Aleochara (s. str.); in key to Chinese species of subgenus Aleochara ], 193 (redescription); Shibata et al., 2013: 105 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Korean species of Staphylinidae ); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (without subgeneric assignment; redescription; book of Canadian Staphylinidae ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae ).

Staphylinus brachypterus Geoffroy, 1785: 167 (original description; type locality: probably in France: Klimaszewski, 1984); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Smetana, 2004b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 193 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula ).

Staphylinus limbatus Fabricius, 1801: 600 (original description; type locality: Germany); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 777 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Smetana, 2004b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula ).

Staphylinus fuscipes Gravenhorst, 1802: 92 , nec Linnaeus, 1758: 685 (original description; type locality: unspecified); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Smetana, 2004b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula ).

Aleochara brevis Heer, 1839: 315 (original description; type locality: Switzerland, Aigle); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Smetana, 2004b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula ).

Aleochara puncticeps Thomson, 1860: 248 (original description; type locality: Sweden, Gotheborg); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 777 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Smetana, 2004b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula ).

Aleochara discoidea Sharp, 1874: 7 (original description; type locality: Japan, unspecified); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as a synonym of A. curtula ; catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae ); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula ; revision of Nearctic species of genus Aleochara ); Smetana, 2004b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula ; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 21 (as synonym of A. curtula ; catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula ; revision of Chinese species of subgenus Aleochara ); Shibata et al., 2013: 105 (as synonym of A. curtula ; catalogue of Japanese species of Staphylinidae ); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula ). Synonymy confirmed.

Aleochara discordia Duvivier, 1883: 99 (type locality: Japan, unspecified; erroneous typing for A. discoidea Sharp, 1874 ); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 21 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula ).

Aleochara curtula bugnioni Fauvel, 1901: 90 (original description; type locality: Colombia, Sierra Nevada); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 777 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Smetana, 2004b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 21 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula ).

Aleochara bugnioni Fauvel, 1901 ; Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula ).

See Klimaszewski (1984) for further references, especially those before Klimaszewski (1984).

Type material. A.discoidea : lectotype, here designated, female “ Type [RRL] // Japan / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905-313 // Aleochara / discoidea / Type D.S. [HW] // Lectotype / Aleochara discoidea / Sharp, 1874 / des. Maruyama, 2011 ” (abdominal segments VIII-X and spermatheca dissected and mounted in Euparal by MM) ( BMNH); paralectotype, female, “ Japan / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905-313 // Aleochara / discoidea / Type D.S. [HW] // Lectotype / Aleochara discoidea / Sharp, 1874 / des. Maruyama, 2011 ” ( BMNH).

A. curtula: Not examined.

Non-type material. JAPAN: [HOKKAIDÔ]: 1 unsexed, Sefushiusu forestry road (right side of Onnebetsugawa River), Nemuro-shi, 28.vii.2013, K. Haga leg., from a carcass of mouse in Japanese spruce natural forest (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Teshio-dake, Takinoue-chô, 16.vii.1992, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 700m (cTW); 3 unsexed, Kashiwagaoka-kôen Park, Bihoro-chô, 23.vi.2000, Y. Yamada leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nakasato, Oketo-chô, 3.vii.1992, T. Kato leg., from sap of Japanese elm (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mts. Daisetsu-zan Volcanic Group, Kamikawa-chô, 21.viii.1982, N. Yasuda leg. (Daisetsu virgin forest, st. 3) (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mts. Daisetsu-zan Volcanic Group (Mt. Midori-dake), Kamikawa-chô, 15.viii.2001, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1300–1400m (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mashû-ko Lake, Teshikaga-chô, 5.vii.1958, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 3 unsexed, Kussharo-ko Lake, Teshikaga-chô, 5.vii.1958, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Rikubetsu, Rikubetsu-chô, 30.viii.–3.ix.2001, H. Yoshitomi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Meakan-onsen, Ashoro-chô, 6.vii.1958, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Kitoushi-yama (near upstream of Horokapiribetsu Dam), Ashoro-chô, 4.vi.1989, K. Haga leg., from sap of birch stump (KUM); 1 male, 4 unsexed, Mt. Reisenn-zan (Horokapiribetsu Dam), Ashoro-chô, 3.vi.1989, K. Haga leg., from sap of birch stump (KUM); 18 unsexed, Ashoro Research Forest of Kyushu University, Ashoro-chô, 1- 6.ix.2008, S. Yamamoto leg., from baited trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nukabira-ko Lake, Kamishihoro-chô, 13.vii.2014, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mitsumata (Oketokoshi-rindô forestry road, near Mt. Kamigoya-yama), Kamishihoro-chô, 27.vi.2008, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 2 females, Nukabira-ko Lake (Go-no-sawa Stream, right side), Kamishihoro-chô, 28.vi.2008, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Osarushi, Otofuke-chô, 20– 26.vi.2009, T. Watanabe leg., from fight interception trap (cTW); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Kottaro-shitsugen Moor (in Kushiro-shitsugen Moor), Shibecha-chô, 8.iv.1992, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 male, near Kimontô, Taiki-chô, 2.ix.1990, K. Haga leg., from gutter (KUM); 5 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 14.vi.1986, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 4 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 16.v.1987, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 12.vi.1987, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 29.viii.1987, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 male, 8 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 3.xi.1987, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 male, Bankei, Sapporo-shi, 24.vi.1977, N. Nishikawa leg. (KUM); 1 male, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 15.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 male, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 21.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 male, Nagahashinaebo, Otarushi, 1.x.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 unsexed, near Goshiki-onsen, Rankoshi-chô, 20.vii.– 1.viii.1999, K. Sasaki leg., alt. 850m (KUM); [HONSHÛ]: 1 unsexed, Katagariishi-zawa, Nakadomari-machi, Aomori-ken, 11.v.2007, A. Abe leg., from a carcass of bird (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kayanochaya, Jogakura, Aomorishi, Aomori-ken, 18.vi.1985, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Jogakura, Aomori-shi, Aomori-ken, 14.ix.1986, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tochinaisawa, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori-ken, 10.vi.2008, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Iwaki-san, Aomori-ken, 27–28.vii.2004, M. Nishikawa leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 female, Rangan, Ajigasawa-machi, Aomori-ken, 12.vi.1998, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Oirase, Fukaura-machi, Aomori-ken, 17.v.1981, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kyôwa-chô, Akita-ken, 25.v.1994, K. Toyoda leg., from outdoor lamp (KUM); 1 unsexed, Minami-sawa Stream and Miya-gawa River, Hanawa-machi, Fukushima-ken, 23.v.1998, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Mitsuiwa-dake, Minamiaizu-machi, Fukushima-ken, 24.viii.2002, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 3 unsexed, Takigawa trail (Mt. Komaga-take), Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 11– 12.viii.2007, K. Haga leg., from a carcass of snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus (Boie) (KUM); 13 unsexed, Miike, Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 15.vi.1986, A. Yamato leg. (KUM); 2 females, Nanairi, Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 6.ix.1992, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Hanazono-san, Kitaibaraki-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 19.vii.1980, S. Ômomo leg. (KUM); 1 female, near Shiobara Station, Kamimiyori, Nikkô-shi, Tochigi-ken, 2.viii.2003, K. Haga leg., from dung of dog (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kinomi-daira, Nikkô-shi, Tochigi-ken, 5.v.2003, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Yudaki-nishi, Nikkô-shi, Tochigi-ken, 21.viii.1991, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Yumoto, Nikkô-shi, Tochigi-ken, 29.vi.1982, S. Naomi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Senjôgahara, Nikkô-shi, Tochigi-ken, 21.vii.1977, Niizato leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Chûzenji, Nikkô-shi, Tochigi-ken, 8.vii.1994, S. Naomi leg. (KUM); 1 male, 7 unsexed, Tobiyama-jô Catsle, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi-ken, 17–18.vi.1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Marunuma-onsen, Katashina-mura, Gunma-ken, 11.vii.1982, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Tanbara-kôgen Heights, Numata-shi, Gunma-ken, 18.ix.2003, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 8 unsexed, Konroku-tôge Pass, Minakami-machi, Gunma-ken, 10.viii.2004, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 2 unsexed, Shimokanbai, Midori-shi, Gunma-ken, 13.iv.2003, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Shogetsu-ko Lake, Naganohara-machi, Gunma-ken, 20.vi.1955, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, near Nidoage-tôge Pass, Gunmaken, 21.viii.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 female, Mt. Kusatsushirane-san, Tsumagoi-mura, Gunma-ken, 30.vi.2007, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 female, Yunokuchi, Kasugawa-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma-ken, 17.iv.2005, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 female, Hôroku-tôge Pass, Fujioka-shi, Gunma-ken, 19.vi.2005, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Mt. Akaguna-yama, Gunma-ken, 6.ix.1992, Y. Nagashima leg. (KUM); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Kirizumi-onsen, Annaka-shi, Gunma-ken, 12.v.1956, S. Kudô leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kirizumi-onsen, Annaka-shi, Gunma-ken, 20.vi.1957, S. Kudô leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shigasaka-tôge Pass, Kanna-machi, Gunma-ken, 17.vi.2008, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Yamatomizu (Mt. Kamabushi-yama), Yorii-machi, Saitama-ken, 21.iii.1998, K. Toyoda leg., from human feces (KUM); 5 unsexed, Shiroishi-tôge Pass, Higashichichibu-mura, Saitama-ken, 25.vii.1998, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 male, 5 unsexed, Jômine-jinja Shrine (Mt. Jômine-san), Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, 22.iv.1999, K. Toyoda leg., alt. 1000m (KUM); 1 unsexed, Hirogawara-sawa, near Mt. Nanten-san, Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, 23.ix.1999, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 female, 4 unsexed, Irikawa-keikoku, Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, 29.v.1997, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Imakuma-san, Hachiôji-shi, Tôkyô-to, 25.ix.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, near Tsurukawa, Machidashi, Tôkyô-to, 30.ix.1980, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 8 unsexed, Hondani Stream, Nippara, Okutama-machi, Tôkyôto, 5.v.2005, M. Takeda leg. (cHK); 1 unsexed, Ogawadani, Nippara, Okutama-machi, Tôkyô-to, 3.v.2006, H. Kamezawa leg., alt. 900m (cHK); 1 unsexed, Nippara, Okutama-machi, Tôkyô-to, 11.viii.1977, M. Tomokuni leg. ( NSMT); 1 male, 3 unsexed, Mt. Mitô-san, Okutama-machi, Tôkyô-to, 2.x.1993, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Ogawadani, Mt. Kintai-san, Okutama-machi, Tôkyô-to, 31.viii.2002, H. Kamezawa leg., alt. 850m (KUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Mt. Mitake-san, Okutama-machi, Tôkyô-to, 30.iv.1961, M. Yasukawa leg. (cYS); 1 unsexed, Mt. Mitake-san ~ Ônara-toge Pass, Okutama-machi, Tôkyô-to, 29.iv.1983, K. Haga leg., from trash (KUM); 1 female, Motoshuku, Hinohara-mura, Tôkyô-to, 12.iv.2008, H. Kamezawa leg. (cHK); 3 males, 13 unsexed, Tsubota, Miyake-mura (Miyake-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 17.v.1999, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 1.iv.2014, H. Ooki leg. (cHO); 1 unsexed, Miho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 11.x.2014, H. Ooki leg. (cHO); 1 unsexed, Mt. Jinba-san, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 17–23.vii.2004, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Mt. Jinba-san, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawaken, 18–27.viii.2005, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Wada-tôge Pass, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 9– 17.vii.2004, T. Watanabe leg., from fermented banana trap (cTW); 1 male, 4 unsexed, Futamata, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 30.iv.1996, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Ôkura, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 17– 21.vii.2005, T. Watanabe leg., from fermented banana trap (cTW); 1 male, Mt. Kanyûdô-yama, Yamakita-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 24.vi–1.vii. 2001, Y. Shu leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Shiroishi-sawa, Yamakita-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 11.v.1996, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 6 unsexed, Yôki-zawa, Yamakita-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 22.viii. Y. Shibata leg. (cYS); 1 unsexed, Nakatsu, Aikawa-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 7.vi.1959, R. Kiryû leg. (SCM); 2 unsexed, Mt. Kinpoku-san, Sado-shi (Sadoga-shima Is.), Niigata-ken, 27.vii.1977, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Mt. Iide-san, Aga-machi, Niigata-ken, 11.viii.1984, N. Itô leg. (cYH); 1 female, Yagi-sawa ~ Diichi-karesawa Stream, Kiyotsu-kyô, Yuzawa-machi, Niigata-ken, 20.v.1995, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 4 unsexed, Yagisawa, Kiyotsukyô, Yuzawa-machi, Niigata-ken, 28.viii.1994, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Yomogisawa, Yuzawa-machi, Niigata-ken, 24.vii.1994, K. Haga leg., alt. 700–1200m (KUM); 1 male, Futai-keikoku, Yuzawa-machi, Niigataken, 18.vi.1995, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 2 males, 1 unsexed, north entrance of Mikuni Tunnel ~ Asakai, Yuzawamachi, Niigata-ken, 28.v.1995, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 male, 1 female, 8 unsexed, Asakai, Yuzawa-machi, Niigataken, 28.v.1995, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 male, 2 females, 6 unsexed, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa-shi, Niigata-ken, 15– 16.vii.1997, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1500m (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shima, Akazawa, Nakanojô, Niigata-ken, 12.vi.1986, R. Inagawa leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Chûgû-onsen, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 14.vi.1980, H. Tokumoto (cYH); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Ichinose-tôge Pass, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 28.vii–23.viii.2003, K. Nakata leg., from flight interception trap (ce. -2) (KUM); 2 unsexed, Ichinose-tôge Pass, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawaken, 28.vii–23.viii.2003, K. Nakata leg., from flight interception trap (oak. -2) (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ichinose-tôge Pass, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 28.vii–23.viii.2003, K. Nakata leg., from flight interception trap (ce. -2) (KUM); 1 unsexed, Karikomi-no-ike Pond, Koike, Ôno-shi, Fukui-ken, 31.v.1977, H. Sasaji leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Sanri-yama, Fukui-ken, 26.vii.1974, H. Sasaji leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Yashaga-ike Pond, Minamiechizen-chô, Fukui-ken, 19.vi.1977, H. Sasaji leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Yanagisawa-tôge Pass, Tabayama-mura, Yamanashi-ken, 1500m, 28.iv–3.v.2004, S. Nomura leg., alt. 1500m, from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Yanagisawatôge Pass, Kôshû-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 9–15.viii.2006, T. Watanabe leg., from fermented banana trap (cTW); 2 unsexed, Yanagisawa-tôge Pass, Kôshû-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 2–9.viii.2006, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 unsexed, Kamihagiwara, Kôshû-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 9–15.viii.2006, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 unsexed, Yunosawa-tôge Pass (Mts. Daibosatsu-rei), Yamanashi-ken, 22.viii.2003, S. Tsuyuki leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Kamihikawa-tôge Pass, Yamanashi-ken, 14.vi.1986, T. Watanabe leg., under rubbish (cTW); 1 unsexed, Daibosatsu-tôge Pass, Yamanashi-ken, 9.vi.1979, M. Tao leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Daibosatsu, Yamanashi-ken, 7.vii.1988, T. Ito leg. (cTI); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Mt. Obina-yama, Yamanashishi, Yamanashi-ken, 11.viii.2004, H. Akiyama leg. (cTW); 5 unsexed, Yanagi-daira, Yamanashi-shi, Yamanashiken, 28.viii.1986, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Satomiya-daira, Sutama, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 26.viii.1986, Y. Shibata leg. (cYS); 1 unsexed, Kinzan-daira, Sutama, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 25.viii.1986, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 4 females, Masutomi-onsen, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 9–10.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1200m, from carrion trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Kanayama-daira ~ Tokusa-tôge Pass, Yamanashi-ken, 29.v.1993, S. Tsuyuki leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Gozaishi-onsen, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 2.viii.1989, T. Kato leg. (cTI); 1 unsexed, Gozaishi-onsen, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 23.viii.1989, K. Hosoda leg. (cTI); 3 unsexed, Gozaishionsen, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 11.vi.1990, K. Hosoda leg. (cTI); 1 unsexed, Gozaishi-onsen, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 13.vi.1990, K. Hosoda leg. (cTI); 2 unsexed, Sawara-ike Pond, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 8– 9.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1200m, from carrion trap (KUM); 1 male, Mt. Amari-yama, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 8–9.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1600m, from carrion trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Kazuno-gawa River, Nanaho-chô, Ôtsuki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 21.iv.2003, H. Kamezawa leg., alt. 600–800m (KUM); 1 male, Narusawa-rindô forestry road, Narusawa-mura, Yamanashi-ken, 1–8.viii.2012, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 1300m, from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 unsexed, Oidaira, Hayakawa-chô, Yamanashi-ken, 23.iv.2005, K. Kurihara leg. (EUM); 5 unsexed, Kitazawa-tôge Pass, Minamiarupusu-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 3.viii.1990, H. Nomura leg., alt. 2000m (cYH); 1 male, Akaishi-onsen, Fujikawa-chô, Yamanashi-ken, 25.vii.2004, S. Tuyuki leg. (cTW); 1 female, Otari-onsen, Otari-mura, Nagano-ken, 7.ix.1996, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 2 males, 1 female, 38 unsexed, Otarionsen, Otari-mura, Nagano-ken, 13–15.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shimashima-dani, Azumi, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano-ken, 14.v.1994, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Fujii-dani, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano-ken, 4.v.1987, N. Itô leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Minamizawa, Ina-shi, Nagano-ken, 3.v.1960, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 3 unsexed, Gonbê-tôge Pass, Ina-shi, Nagano-ken, 30.viii.1997, Y. Hayashi (cYH); 1 unsexed, Shioji-daira, Iijima-machi, Ina-shi, Nagano-ken, 11.viii.2004, S. Tsuyuki leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Koshibu-gawa, Ôshika-mura, Nagano-ken, 21–23.viii.2007, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 1000m, from flight interception trap (cTW); 2 unsexed, Okeya, Ôshika-mura, Nagano-ken, 26.iv.2008, H. Kamezawa leg. (cHK); 2 unsexed, Shirabiso-kôgen Heights, Iida-shi, Nagano-ken, 11–12.viii.2007, S. Tsuyuki leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Mt. Kuraga-take, 22.v.1960, S. Takaba leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Mt. Nanakura-yama, Nagano-ken, 30.viii.2004, K. Takahashi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shirabidaira, Komagane-shi, Nagano-ken, 1.viii.1994, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Sakamaki, Azumino-shi, Nagano-ken, 9.vi.1996, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 2 unsexed, Ogamigô, Takayama-shi, Gifu-ken, 5.viii.1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Danadaira-rindô forestry road, Takayama-shi, Gifu-ken, 11– 13.viii.2003, Y. Takai leg., from bait trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Uchigatani, Gujô-shi, Gifu-ken, 26.viii.1993, Y. Takai leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Uchigatani, Gujô-shi, Gifu-ken, 25–26.viii.1993, Y. Takai leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Uchigatani, Gujô-shi, Gifu-ken, 12.viii.1995, Y. Takai leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mt. Funabuse-yama, Yamagata-shi, Gifu-ken, 8.viii.1995, Y. Takai leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Midori-Yokokura-rindô forestry road, Ibigawa-chô, Gifuken, 15–16.vii.2000, A. Sugimura leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Hirakura, Misugichô, Tsu-shi, Mie-ken, 4.v.1997, S. Tsuyuki leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Hirakura, Misugichô, Tsu-shi, Mie-ken, 7–8.vi.1997, S. Nomura leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Hira-san, Ôtsu-shi, Shiga-ken, 31.vii.2002, Y. Kawakami leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Hanase, Sakyô-ku, Kyôto-shi, Kyôto-fu, 16.ix.1993, T. Ito leg. (cTI); 1 unsexed, Iwakura, Sakyô-ku, Kyôto-shi, Kyôto-fu, 9.iv.1989, K. Masaki leg. (cTI); 2 unsexed, Mt. Kongô-san, Chihayaakasaka-mura, Ôsaka-fu, 24.iv.1960, T. Ito leg. (cYH); 2 unsexed, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 21.iv.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 female, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 2.v.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 female, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 5.v.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 7.v.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 male, 1 female, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 14.v.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 2 unsexed, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 19.v.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 female, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 6.vi.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 2 unsexed, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 23.iv.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 26.iv.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 7.xi.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 2 unsexed, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 10.iv.1990, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 2 unsexed, Mt. Kasuga-yama, Nara-shi, Nara-ken, 18.iv.2004, H. Arimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tenkawa-mura, Nara-ken, 9.vii.1990, A. Saito leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Gomadan-zan, Tanabe-shi, Wakayama-ken, 4.viii.1960, K. Ueda leg. (cYH); 4 males, 1 unsexed, Hirai, Kozaishi-chô, Wakayama-ken, 12.vii.1999, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 male, 2 females, Hirai, Kozaishi-chô, Wakayama-ken, 13.vii.1999, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 male, Hirai, Kozaishi-chô, Wakayama-ken, 15.vii.1999, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 female, Hirai, Kozaishi-chô, Wakayama-ken, 16.vii.1999, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mt. Hyôno-sen, Wakasa-chô, Tottori-ken, 15–16.vi.2002, T. Yamauchi leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Hikimi, Masuda-shi, Shimane-ken, 5–7.vi.1988, Y. Sawada leg. (KUM); 1 female, 1 unsexed, Mt. Sanbe-san, Shimane-ken, 24.vii.1973, Y. Notsu leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Okutsugawa-keikoku, Tsuyama-shi, Okayama-ken, 11.iv.2004, Y. Fujitani leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Sanga-jô, Kagamino-chô, Okayama-ken, 17.vi.1978, M. Kaneda leg. (KUM); 1 male, Tokujinotani, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken, 10.iv.2004, Y. Fujitani leg. (KUM); 1 female, 6 unsexed, Tokujinotani, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken, 15.iv.2004, Y. Fujitani leg. (KUM); [SHIKOKU]: 1 male, 1 unsexed, Mt. Kumosa-yama, Naka-chô, Tokushima-ken, 13–15.vii.2001, A. Sugimura leg. (KUM); 2 males, 2 females, 11 unsexed, Mt. Takashiro-yama, Kisawa, Naka-chô, Tokushima-ken, 3–19.vii.2004, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1280m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 male, 6 unsexed, Mt. Takashiro-yama, Kisawa, Naka-chô, Tokushima-ken, 29.v– 19.vii.2004, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1430m, from fowl trap (KUM); 4 unsexed, Mt. Maruzasa-yama, Ichiu-son, Tokushima-ken, 11.vi–6.viii.2000, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1410m, from fowl trap (KUM); 3 unsexed, Kuwa-daira, Tsurugi-chô, Tokushima-ken, 30–31.vii.2010, M. Nishikawa leg., alt. 1400m, from baited trap (silkworm pupa powder) (EUM); 2 males, 2 females, 4 unsexed, Mt. Ichinomori, Tokushima-ken, 3–10.viii.2002, M. Yoshida leg., from fowl trap (KUM); 6 unsexed, near Motoyo-ike Pond (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushimaken, 7.viii.2004, H. Kamezawa leg. (cHK); 1 male, 26 unsexed, Otome-dani, Nagoro, Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 17.vii–30.x.2006, M. Yoshida leg., from fowl trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Minokoshi (Mt. Tsurugisan), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 7.viii.2004, H. kamezawa leg., alt. 1350–1500m (cHK); 2 females, 57 unsexed, Minokoshi (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi–3.vii.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1350m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Minokoshi (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 11.vi–17.vii.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1350m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 male, 5 females, 194 unsexed, Minokoshi (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 17.vii–30.x.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1350m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Minokoshi (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi–3.vii.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1700m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Minokoshi, Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 29.vii.1960, T. Shibata leg. (cYH); 1 male, 2 females, Ochiishi-tôge Pass, Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 12.viii–3.x.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1500m (KUM); 3 males, 2 females, 33 unsexed, Ôtsurugi (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi–3.vii.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1800m, from fowl trap (KUM); 29 unsexed, Ôtsurugi (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi–3.vii.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1800m, from fowl trap (KUM); 3 unsexed, Nishijima (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi–3.vii.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1700m, from fowl trap (KUM); 4 males, 2 females, 32 unsexed, Nishijima (Mt. Tsurugi-san), Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushimaken, 26–29.vii.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1700m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 male, 1 female, 26 unsexed, Ochiaitôge Pass, Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 12.viii–3.x.2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1500m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shingû-ike Pond (Mt. Toramaru-san), Mizushi, Higashikagawa-shi, Kagawa-ken, 30.iii– 5.iv.2012, A. Taki (as Sanbonmatsu high school) leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Shingû-ike Pond (Mt. Toramaru-san), Mizushi, Higashikagawa-shi, Kagawa-ken, 11–17.v.2012, A. Taki (as Sanbonmatsu high school) leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shingû-ike Pond (Mt. Toramaru-san), Mizushi, Higashikagawa-shi, Kagawa-ken, 18–24.v.2012, A. Taki (as Sanbonmatsu high school) leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shingû-ike Pond (Mt. Toramaru-san), Mizushi, Higashikagawa-shi, Kagawaken, 6–12.vii.2012, A. Taki (as Sanbonmatsu high school) leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 3 unsexed, Shingû-ike Pond (Mt. Toramaru-san), Mizushi, Higashikagawa-shi, Kagawa-ken, 13–19.vii.2012, A. Taki (as Sanbonmatsu high school) leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shingû-ike Pond (Mt. Toramarusan), Higashikagawa-shi, Kagawa-ken, 9–15.xi.2012, A. Taki (as Sanbonmatsu high school) leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Shôsaka, Sogishohigashi, Ayagawa-chô, Kagawa-ken, 7–9.iv.2009, H. Fujimoto leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shôsaka, Sogishohigashi, Ayagawa-chô, Kagawaken, 17–25.iv.2009, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Shôsaka, Sogishohigashi, Ayagawa-chô, Kagawa-ken, 3– 10.vii.2009, H. Fujimoto leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Shôsaka, Sogishohigashi, Ayagawachô, Kagawa-ken, 11–19.vii.2009, H. Fujimoto leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Daisenyama, Mannou-chô, Kagawa-ken, 7–12.iv.2009, H. Fujimoto leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Komenono, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 24.iv.1993, M. Kawanabe leg. (EUM); 1 male, Kutanimura, Matsuyamashi, Ehime-ken, 14.viii.1965, S. Nomoto leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, west ravine of Mt. Shiratsue, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 20.vi.1986, T. Nagata leg., alt. 780m (st. 3; scrub and Japanese cedar) (EUM); 1 unsexed, Wakimizu, Kamibayashi, Tôon-shi, Ehime-ken, 26.vii–1.viii.2006, J. Ogawa leg. (EUM); 1 male, Ôhira, Iuchi, Tôon-shi, Ehime-ken, 27.iv.2007, T. Kitano leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Omogo-kei, Kumakôgen-chô, Ehime-ken, 4.v.1958, S.

Hisamatsu leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Omogo-kei, Kumakôgen-chô, Ehime-ken, 30.viii.2009, S.-T. Hisamatsu leg. (EUM); 1 male, Omogo-kei, Kumakôgen-chô, Ehime-ken, 11.vi.2010, R. Nitta leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Misakinomori (Tengu-kôgen Heights), Kumakôgen-chô, Ehime-ken, H. Kamezawa leg. (KUM); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Azoga-ike Pond, Kumakôgen-chô, Ehime-ken, 17.v.1998, H. Nakanishi leg. (EUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Saraga-mine, Kumakôgen-chô, Ehime-ken, 18.vi.2006, Y. Satô leg. (EUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Odamiyama, Uchiko-chô, Ehime-ken, 19.vii.1993, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Odamiyama, Uchiko-chô, Ehime-ken, 19.vii.1993, N. Ôbayashi leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Odamiyama, Uchiko-chô, Ehime-ken, 21.vii.1993, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Odamiyama, Uchiko-chô, Ehime-ken, 14.v.1994, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Odamiyama, Uchiko-chô, Ehime-ken, 30–31.vii.1994, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 female, 1 unsexed, Odamiyama, Uchiko-chô, Ehimeken, 2–9.viii.1994, no collector’s name, from benzyl athetate trap (EUM); 2 males, Narukawa, Kihoku-chô, Ehimeken, T. Kurihara leg., alt. 350m (EUM); 1 unsexed, Nametoko, Matsuno-chô, Ehime-ken, 3.vi.2001, A. Kitahara leg. (EUM); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Befu, Monobe-son, Kôchi-ken, 4.vi.1994, I. Yamashita leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Befu, Monobe-son, Kôchi-ken, 12.vi.1994, I. Yamashita leg. (EUM); 2 unsexed, Komi, Kumakôgen-chô, 15– 16.vii.1994, K. Okada & M. Mino leg., from baited trap (EUM); [KYÛSHÛ]: 1 male, 27 unsexed, Mt. Hiko-san, Soeda-machi, Fukuoka-ken, 29.vii.2006, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 7 unsexed, Hacchô-tôge Pass, Kama-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 17–19.vii.2003, R. Noda leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 female, 3 unsexed, Syûshi, Kamitsushima-chô, Tsushima-shi (Tsushima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 16.vii.2000, Y. Sugiura leg. (EUM); 11 unsexed, Mt. Tatera-san, Tsushima-shi (Tsushima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 6.v.2009, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tsutsu ~ Uchiyama, Tsushima-shi (Tsushima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 11.vii.1969, Y. Kurosawa leg. ( NSMT); 1 female, Amagaikegoe, Kujû, Ôita-ken, 17.vi.1984, M. Tsuneoka leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Kuro-dake, Taketa-shi, Ôitaken, 28.iv.1985, S. Nomura leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Kuro-dake, Taketa-shi, Ôita-ken, 28.iv.1985, R. Noda leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mt. Kuro-dake, Taketa-shi, Ôita-ken, 22.vii.2000, S. Ogata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Oike, Yufu-shi, Ôita-ken, 27.vii.1995, Y. Sawada leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Sobo-san, Ôita-ken, 20.vii.1961, T. Kawatsu leg. (cYH); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Mt. Sobo-san, Ôita-ken, 15.vii.1960, T. Kikuchi leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mt. Sobo-san, Ôita-ken, 23.vii.1983, S. Nomura leg. (KUM); 1 female, Mt. Sobo-san, 26.vii.1983, M. Tsuneoka leg. (EUM); 1 female, 48 unsexed, Mt. Rakuda-yama, Takamori-machi, Kumamoto-ken, 27.viii.1994, S. Nomura leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ôkubo, Yamato-chô, Kumamoto-ken, 4.vii.1982, I. Ôtsuka leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Kunimi-dake, Yamato-chô, Kumamoto-ken, 21.vii.1981, I. Ôtsuka leg. (KUM); 3 males, 3 females, 110 unsexed, Mt. Shiratori-yama, Momiki, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto-ken, 1–3.v.2010, S. Yamamoto leg., from a carcass of deer (KUM); 2 males, 4 females, 62 unsexed, Momigi, Yatsushiro-shi, 31.vii–3.viii.2008, R. Noda leg., by pitfall trap (KUM); 30 unsexed, Momigi, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto-ken, 31.vii–3.viii.2008, R. Noda leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Daikanzan, Kumamoto-ken, 19.vii.1980, H. Aramaki leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Shimoyashiki, Yatsushiroshi, Kumamoto-ken, 30.vii.1988, I. Ôtsuka leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Yamaingiri, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamotoken, 30.vii.1983, I. Ôtsuka leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kobama, Itsuki-mura, Kumamoto-ken, 27.iv.1996, I. Ôtsuka leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mt. Ichifusa-yama, Mizukami-mura, Kumamoto-ken, 23.vii.1969, H. Nomura leg. (cYH); 2 unsexed, Mt. Ichifusa-yama, Mizukami-mura, Kumamoto-ken, 24.vii.1969, H. Nomura leg. (cYH); 5 unsexed, Mt. Shiraga-take, Asagiri-chô, Kumamoto-ken, 19.vii.1980, I. Ôtsuka leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Shiraga-take, Asagiri-chô, Kumamoto-ken, 1.viii.1996, I. Ôtsuka leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Yûsui-chô, Kagoshima-ken, 15.ix.1983, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM).

Old material. JAPAN: 1 unsexed, “ JAPAN / SETTSU / KATSUOJI / 7 VII. ’21 [HW] / J. E. A. Lewis // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT); 1 unsexed, “ JAPAN / Kobe / J. E. A. Lewis // a. curtula [HW] / Goeze [HW] // 1861 // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT).

Reference material. CANADA: Ontario: 1 male, Essex Co., Wheatley, 3.vi.1967, K. Stephen leg. ( A. curtula : det. J. Klimaszewski) (male genitalia also examined by SY) ( FMNH); 1 female, Kent Co., Tilbury, v.1962, K. Stephen leg. ( A. curtula : det. J. Klimaszewski) (female genitalia also examined by SY) ( FMNH); 1 male, Kent Co., Tilbury, ix.1967, K. Stephen leg. ( A. curtula : det. J. Klimaszewski) (male genitalia also examined by SY) ( FMNH).

Diagnosis. Aleochara curtula most closely resembles A. postica externally due to the similar maculatedpatterns of elytra, but can be confidently separated by the following characteristics: elytra with prominent, blackish, and parallel sided maculations laterally on each side of elytra, reaching to shoulders of each elytron; median lobe of aedeagus bulbous, hook-like shaped at apex. In some cases, A. curtula can be erroneously identified as A. parens due to the similarity of the configuration of male genitalia, but can be easily distinguished from it as follows: usually much paler coloration in elytra, with distinct, black, and parallel sided maculations; median lobe of aedeagus of male with hook-like shaped apex of apical lobe, and by; deeply expanded apical invagination of female spermathecal head. Restricted to only mainland and adjacent large islands in Japan.

Redescription. Measurements (in mm, n = 20): BL = 7.01 (5.60–8.76); HL = 0.89 (0.75–1.00); HW = 1.03 (0.92–1.13); PL = 1.36 (1.15–1.62); PW = 1.90 (1.62–2.13); EL = 1.03 (0.88–1.20); EW = 2.19 (1.88–2.47).

Body ( Figs 2 , 11 ): fusiform, robust, medium to large in size; dorsal surface moderately glossy and pubescent, without any types of micro-reticulation, but moderately rather coarsely punctured. Color ( Figs 2 , 11 ): usually uniformly black to blackish brown, but elytra variable in color pattern, generally reddish brown but infuscate laterally and basally to form distinct black maculations (almost parallel sided on each elytron); antennae with antennomeres I–II dark brown, antennomeres III to IV much darker, antennomeres V–XI slightly darker than those of I–II but covered with minute whitish setae densely; mouth parts and legs yellowish brown to brownish brown; pubescence yellowish brown to brown.

Head ( Fig. 20 ): semicircular, as long as width (HW/HL = 1.16, n = 20), widest at posterior part of eyes; setae on vertex rather dense, directed anteriomedially; punctation large, scattered rather densely; vertex longitudinally lack of punctation at middle, but medium in size. Eyes: medium in length, occupying approximately half length of head, slightly protruding laterally.

Mouth parts ( Figs 52–57 ): mandible ( Fig. 54 ) moderate in length, without conspicuous inner tooth. Labrum ( Fig 56 ) moderately transverse, approximately 2.3 times as wide as long (excluding basal apodeme), anterior margin broadly and moderately emarginate medially; surface with pseudopores uniformly scattered rather densely. Epipharynx ( Fig. 57 ) with a generalized athetine form, lateral margins with five thick spines on each side. Labial palpus ( Fig. 52 ): setula a well-developed, situated near base of labial palpomere I; setulae b and c strongly developed. Maxilla ( Fig. 53 ): lacinia with a distal comb consisting of consisting of approximately twenty thick spines; galea rather long and slender, as long as maxillary palpomere II; maxillary palpomere IV narrow but long, at least 1/2 as long as penultimate. Mentum ( Fig. 55 ): anterior margin broadly emarginate, pseudopores scattered densely and uniformly except for laterobasal corners.

Antennae ( Fig. 38 ): short, moderately shorter than head and pronotum combined; thick, setose, with antennomeres V to X strongly transverse in approximately same width each; antennomere XI symmetrical, obtusely rounded at apex; approximate relative length of antennomeres from basal to apex: 19 (including base): 8: 11: 4: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 14.

Pronotum ( Fig. 2 ): transversely oval (PW/PL = 1.40, n = 20), rather strongly narrowing anterad, moderately longer than sutural length of elytra, widest basad of mid-length, basal margin weakly rounded; pubescence dense, directed laterally and posterolaterally; punctation small and shallow but dense and uniform.

Mesoventrite ( Fig. 29 ): inter coxal process rather narrowly elongate, with rounded apex, completely reaching to inter coxal process of metaventrite.

Elytra ( Fig. 2 ): together, transverse (EW/EL = 2.13, n = 20), rather small, slightly smaller than pronotum, widest at middle; fine pubescence scattered densely, diverging posteriorly in each elytron; dorsal surface rough and impressed moderately; posterolateral corners of each elytron not sinuate.

Legs ( Fig. 2 ): simple, short, moderately slender; fore and midtibia, densely covered with undeveloped spines, respectively.

Abdomen ( Fig. 2 ): first three visible tergites deeply impressed transversely at base; dorsal and ventral surface moderately covered with thin and long setae.

Male: tergite VIII ( Fig. 58 ): posterior margin smooth, not serrate at all, shallowly broadly emarginate medially; dorsal surface densely covered with setae, with approximately 11 macrosetae. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 60 ): posterior margin nearly truncate, with a dense row of minute sensory setae (see Yamamoto & Maruyama, 2012: 10), without a complex-cluster of minute setae near posterior margin; ventral surface densely covered with setae, with approximately 13 macrosetae. Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs 62–63 ): [lateral view ( Fig. 62 )]: robust, gradually narrowing apically; apical lobe narrowing apically, moderately to strongly (usually strongly) hook-like shaped at apex; [parameral view ( Fig. 63 )]: bulbous, with basal part widely rounded; apical lobe abruptly narrowing near apex; a series of complex sclerites, reaching to almost basal margin of median lobe.

Female: tergite VIII ( Fig. 59 ): posterior margin as in male; dorsal surface covered with setae densely, with approximately 13 macrosetae. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 61 ): posterior margin very weakly rounded broadly or almost truncate; ventral surface covered with setae densely, with approximately 15 macrosetae; no complex-cluster of minute setae situated near posterior margin. Spermatheca ( Fig. 64 ): C-shaped; apical invagination of spermatheca deep and conical in shape; spermathecal head and neck weakly deformed in elliptical shape; attachment of spermathecal duct inconspicuous; basal part of spermathecal stem widely curved, much longer than spermathecal head and neck combined; chitinized portion of spermathecal stem short, less than half length of spermathecal head and neck combined; each part of spermatheca uniformly and weakly sclerotized; inner wall of spermathecal head and neck rather densely striate, but that of basal part densely reticulate around middle to base.

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaidô, Honshû, Shikoku, Kyûshû; Sadoga-shima Is., Miyake-jima Is., Tsu-shima Is.); Palearctic, Nearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical, and Neotropical regions.

Host records. At least four dipteran families are known as its host ( Maus et al., 1998): Anthomyiidae , Muscidae , Calliphoridae , Sarcophagidae and Syrphidae .

Remarks for type material. Two syntypes of A. discoidea were both females, one of which is designated as the lectotype here ( Fig. 110 ). Aleochara discoidea has been regarded as a synonym of A. curtula (see Klimaszewski, 1984). The shape of the spermatheca of the lectotype agreed well with that of A. curtula ; thus, synonymy was confirmed.

Comments. This is one of the commonest Aleochara species in Japan. Klimaszewski (1984) provided informative redescription of this species. Aleochara curtula is a type species of the genus Aleochara and has a cosmopolitan distribution. Additionally, this species is found commonly worldwide and can be reared easily under laboratory conditions. Thus, countless studies in various fields have been carried out using A. curtula , especially in connection with male attractive chemicals, e.g., life history (see Klimaszewski, 1984; Peschke et al., 1987); mating behavior ( Peschke, 1978); male aggression, female mimicry and female choice (Peschke, 1987); female sex pheromones (e.g., Peschke & Metzler, 1987; Peschke et al., 1999); spermathecal morphology, sperm transfer, and sperm displacement ( Gack & Peschke, 1994), and; functional morphology of the abdomen and male genitalia ( Peschke, 1978). Recently, Misof et al. (2014) presented a phylogeny of all insects (Insecta) by conducting phylogenomic analyses based on transcriptomic data. In their study, A. curtula was chosen as the only staphylinoid representative and as one of eight representatives of coleopteran species (Misof et al., 2014).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 9. Habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 1, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 2, A. (A.) curtula; 3, A. (A.) lata; 4, A. (A.) parens; 5, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 6, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 7, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 8, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 9, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 18. Lateral habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa: 10, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 11, A. (A.) curtula; 12, A. (A.) lata; 13, A. (A.) parens; 14, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 15, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 16, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 17, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 18, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 27. Head of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 19, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 20, A. (A.) curtula; 21, A. (A.) lata; 22, A. (A.) parens; 23, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 24, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 25, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 26, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 27, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 28 – 36. Meso- and metaventrite of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 28, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 29, A. (A.) curtula; 30, A. (A.) lata; 31, A. (A.) parens; 32, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 33, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 34, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 35, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 36, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 37 – 44. Antenna of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (right, dorsal view): 37, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 38, A. (A.) curtula; 39, A. (A.) lata; 40, A. (A.) parens; 41, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 42, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 43, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 44, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 52 – 53. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula of male: 52, labium; 53, maxilla (left, ventral). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (52); 0.2 mm (53).

FIGURES 54 – 57. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula of male: 54, mandible (right, dorsal view); 55, mentum; 56, labrum; 57, epipharynx (labrum, adoral view). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (54 – 57).

FIGURES 58 – 64. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula: 58, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 59, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 60, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 61, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 62, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 63, ditto, parameral view; 64, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (58 – 63); 0.1 mm (64).

FIGURES 107 – 119. Type materials of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 107, syntype of Aleochara coreana; 108, syntype of A. lewisia; 109, ditto, re-mounted; 110, lectotype of A. discoidea; 111, lectotype of A. parens; 112, paralectotypes of A. parens; 113, holotype of A. postica; 114, lectotype of A. claviger; 115, syntype of A. nitouensis; 116, ditto; 117 – 118, lectotype of A. niponensis; 119, holotype of A. kochi. Deposited in BMNH: 107 – 114, 117 – 118. Deposited in FMNH: 115 – 116, 119.

FIGURES 121 – 122. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Aleochara) spp. in Japan, based on the specimens examined in this study: 121, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 122, A. (A.) curtula.