Aleochara (Aleochara) parens Sharp, 1874

Yamamoto, Shûhei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), Zootaxa 4101 (1), pp. 1-68 : 34-42

Aleochara (Aleochara) parens Sharp, 1874

( Figs 4 , 13 , 22 , 31 , 40 , 72–78 , 111–112 , 124 )

Aleochara parens Sharp, 1874: 6 (original description; type locality: Japan, not specified); Fenyes, 1920: 399 [as subgenus Aleochara (s. str.); catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae ]; Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 778 [as subgenus Aleochara (s. str.); catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae ]; Ahn et al., 2000: 246 (as subgenus Aleochara ; in key to Korean species of genus Aleochara ); Cho & Ahn, 2001: 31 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Korean species of Silphidae and Staphylinidae ); Paśnik, 2001: 231 (as subgenus Aleochara ; record from North Korea); Smetana, 2004b: 354 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae ); Park & Ahn, 2010a: 317 (as subgenus Aleochara ; in key to Far-Eastern species of subgenus Aleochara ); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 180 [as Aleochara (s. str.); in key to Chinese species of subgenus Aleochara ], 198 (redescription); Shibata et al., 2013: 105 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Japanese species of Staphylinidae ); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as subgenus Aleochara ; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae ).

Type material. Lectotype, here designated, male, “SYN- / TYPE [ BRL] // Japan / G. Lewis // Lectotype / Aleochara parens / Sharp, 1974 / des. Maruyama / 2011 ” (abdominal segments VIII-X and aedeagus dissected and mounted in Euparal by MM) ( BMNH). Pararectotypes, 1 male, 1 female (pinned together) “SYN- / TYPE [ BRL] / / Japan / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905-313 // Aleochara / parens / Ind. Typ / D.S.” (PC changed to new one, whole body soaked in KOH solution, mouthparts dissected, elytron removed, median lobe broken, by PR) ( BMNH); 1 male, 3 females, “SYN- / TYPE [ BRL] // Japan / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905-313 // Aleochara / parens / Ind. Typ / D.S.” (two females glued on one PC on which written as “ Aleochara / parens / Japan Lewis”) ( BMNH).

Non-type material. JAPAN: [HOKKAIDÔ]: 1 unsexed, Mt. Rausu-dake, 30.vii.1962, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Sôun-kyô, Kamikawa-chô, 1.viii.1957, H. Yamazaki leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kitamoshiri, Horokanai-chô, 25.vii.1984, M. Tomokuni leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Miyaginosawa-rindô forestry road, Sunagawashi, 15.vi.1986, K. Haga leg., from excrement of dog (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miyaginosawa-rindô forestry road, Sunagawa-shi, 15.vi.1986, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 5–11.vii.2000, S. Hori leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 male, Nopporo, 27.vi.1986, M. Ôhara leg. ( HUM); 2 unsexed, Nopporo, 16.v.1987, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nopporo, 12.vi.1987, M. Ôhara leg. ( HUM); 3 unsexed, Nopporo, 3.ix.1987, M. Ôhara leg. ( HUM); 8 unsexed, Shinorogonohenomori-ryokuchi greenery, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, 24.vi.2009, H. Kamezawa leg., under colony of heron (cHK); 5 males, 2 females, 9 unsexed, Kita 18, Nishi 5, Sapporo-shi, 25.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Hôhei-kyô, Sapporo-shi, 30.vi.1958, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 3 unsexed, Bankei, Sapporo-shi, 24.vi.1977, N. Nishikawa leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Sapporo-shi, 13.vi.1985, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Sapporo-shi, 27.vi.1985, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 male, 3 unsexed, Sapporo-shi, 3.ix.1985, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Sapporo-shi, 30.v.1987, M. Ôhara leg. ( OCM); 3 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 23.viii.1991, M. Ôhara leg. ( OCM); 2 males, 3 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 31.viii.1991, M. Ôhara leg. ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 12.ix.1991, M. Ôhara leg. ( OCM); 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 13.ix.1991, M. Ôhara leg. ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 27.ix.1991, M. Ôhara leg. ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 1.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 2 males, 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 9.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 2 males, 1 female, 30 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 15.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 male, 97 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 21.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 21 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 28.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 31.v.1992, M. Ôhara leg. ( OCM); 2 males, 25 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 4.vi.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 4 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 12.vi.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 18.vi.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 2.vii.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 11.vii.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 female, 4 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 30.vii.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 male, 2 females, 7 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 14.viii.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 male, 1 female, 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 21.viii.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 male, 2 females, 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 6.ix.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 2 females, 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 18.ix.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 1 female, 4 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 23.ix.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 3 males, 3 females, 20 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 1.x.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otarushi, 8.x.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap ( OCM); 3 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 15.x.1992, M. Ôhara leg., from baited trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Sankaku-yama, Otaru-shi, 10.vi.1985, Y. Kusui leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Sankaku-yama, Otaru-shi, 19.vi.1985, Y. Kusui leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University, Tomakomai-shi, 31.viii.1978, H. Detani leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miyatsu, Okushiri-chô (Okushiri-tô Is.), 3.ix.1986, Y. Kusui leg. (KUM); 1 male, 19 unsexed, Oshima-ôshima Is., Matsusaki-chô, 23.vi.1994, H. Hayakawa leg. (KUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Oshima-ôshima Is., Matsusaki-chô, 5.viii.1999, T. Hironaga leg. (KUM); [HONSHÛ]: 1 unsexed, Futakuchi, Miyagi-ken, 20.viii.1977, M. Satô leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Shin-chô, Yuzawa-shi, Akita-ken, 15.vi.1947, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shin-chô, Yuzawa-shi, Akita-ken, 28.vi.1947, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Ôhama-kaigan Beach, Sakata-shi, Yamagataken, 1.viii.1957, J. Kamei leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Matsuminesaki, Sakata-shi, Yamagata-ken, 1.viii.1957, J. Kamei leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, near Sakata-shi, Yamagata-ken, 3.ix.1963, S. Sakurai leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Matsunosato, Kukizaki, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 8.viii.1995, M. Isono leg., from emergence trap (KUM); 2 males, 1 female, 4 unsexed, Tobiyama-jô Castle, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi-ken, 17–18. vi.1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Watarase-yûsuichi retarding basin, Tochigi-shi, Tochigi-ken, 24.iv.2002, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Watarase-yûsuichi retarding basin, Tochigi-shi, Tochigi-ken, 14.iv.2000, K. Emoto leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Marunuma, Katashina-mura, Gunma-ken, 23.ix.1969, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 male, near Nidoagetôge Pass, Gunma-ken, 21.viii.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, riverbed of Karasu-gawa River, Kanaibuchimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma-ken, 9.iv.2005, T. Horiguchi leg., from dung of horse (cTW); 1 unsexed, riverbed of Karasu-gawa River, Kanaibuchimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma-ken, 16.iv.2005, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, riverbed of Karasu-gawa River, Kanaibuchimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma-ken, 14.v.2005, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 male, Machiyamachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma-ken, 7.x.2004, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Kirizumi-onsen, Annaka-shi, Gunma-ken, 24.vi.1955, A. Ôhashi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kirizumi-onsen, Annaka-shi, Gunma-ken, 12.v.1956, S. Kudô leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nakano, Kasukabe-shi, Saitama-ken, H. Kamezawa leg. (cHK); 1 male, Nakano, Kasukabe-shi, Saitama-ken, 28–29.iv.2002, H. Kamezawa leg. (cHK); 1 unsexed, Ôibentenno-mori, Fujimino-shi, Saitama-ken, 14.viii.1986, H. Oda leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Tajimagahara, Saitama-shi (former Urawa-shi), Saitama-ken, 7.iv.1955, H. Kajimura leg. ( NSMT); 2 unsexed, Kamioshidari, Higashimatsuyama-shi, Saitama-ken, 5.viii.1998, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Sugaya, Ranzan-machi, Saitama-ken, 10.iv.1994, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Irikawa-keikoku, Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, riverside of Edo-gawa River, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba-ken, 7.iv.1956, H. Yamazaki leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tennami (Narita International Airport), Narita-shi, Chiba-ken, 6.vii.1979, Y. Kusui leg. (cTI); 1 unsexed, Tennami (Narita International Airport), Narita-shi, Chiba-ken, 2.vii.1980, Y. Kusui leg. (cTI); 1 female, Ôamishirasato-shi, Chiba-ken, 22.vi.1981, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Nagatoya, Inzai-shi, Chiba-ken, 1.vi.1991, T. Takeda leg. (KUM); 2 males, 2 females, Jôza, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 23.vi.1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 4 males, 5 females, 10 unsexed, Jôza, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 24–26.vi.1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Jôza, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 26.iv–2.v.1998, M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 female, 11 unsexed, Jôza, Sakura-shi, Chibaken, 29.x–2.xi.1998, M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 4 unsexed, Azeta, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 26.iv– 2.v.1998, M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Azeta, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 23.x.1997, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Azeta, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 10–17.v.1998, M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Azeta, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 20.x.1997, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Hatori, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 25–27.ix.1997, M. Maruyama & M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Hatori, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 2–4.x.1997, M. Maruyama & M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, Iizuka, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 25–27.ix.1997, M. Maruyama & M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Koshinozuka, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 2–4.x.1997, M. Maruyama & M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 3 unsexed, Nishimikado, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 2–4.x.1997, M. Maruyama & M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nishimikado, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 2–9.x.1997, M. Maruyama & M. Sano leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 female, Koaota, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba-ken, 3.x.1989, T. Takeda leg. (KUM); 1 male, river mouth of Obitsu-gawa River, Kuroto, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba-ken, 25.iv.1987, K. Haga leg., under beach wrack (KUM); 1 male, 1 female, 6 unsexed, Obitsu-gawa River, Kuroto, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba-ken, 25.x.1998, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 female, near Kuroto, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba-ken, 1.x.1986, T. Matsumoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Egota, Nakano-ku, Tôkyô-to, 11.vii.1967, K. Kurosa leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Suginami-ku, Tôkyô-to, 7.v.1955, A. Ôhashi leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Setagaya-ku, Tôkyô-to, 22.x.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Setagaya-ku, Tôkyô-to, 12.xi.1958, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Setagaya-ku, Tôkyô-to, 7.v.1961, K. Mizusawa leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Sengenyama-kôen Park, Fuchû-shi, Tôkyô-to, 24.vii.1984, T. Matsumoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tachikawa-shi, Tôkyô-to, 19.viii.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 male, Tama-gawa River, Haijima-chô 5 chôme, Akishima-shi, Tôkyô-to, 20.vii.2006, S. Yamamoto leg., under wrack of riverside (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Takao-san, Hachiôji-shi, Tôkyô-to, 2.v.1960, T. Sakuma leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Takao-san, Hachiôji-shi, Tôkyô-to, 21.iv.1985, Y. Nagashima leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, near Tsurukawa, Machida-shi, Tôkyôto, 13.vi.1980, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, near Tsurukawa, Machida-shi, Tôkyô-to, 29.vi.1980, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 female, near Onojimachi, Machida-shi, Tôkyô-to, 18.vi.1978, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, near Onojimachi, Machida-shi, Tôkyô-to, 19.v.1978, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 male, 3 unsexed, Mt. Futago-yama, Sashikiji, Ôshima-machi (Izu-ôshima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 28.v.2013, H. Kamezawa leg., from carcass of toad (cHK); 3 unsexed, Kamanoshita, Niijima-mura (Shikine-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 12.x.2001, K. Mizota leg. (KUM); 1 female, 12 unsexed, Tsubota, Miyake-mura (Miyake-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 17.v.1999, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 2 males, 6 unsexed, Sato (Mt. Kurosakitakao-san), Mikurajima-mura (Mikura-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 14.v.2013, H. Kamezawa leg., from carcass of streaked shearwater (cHK); 2 unsexed, Sato, Kurosaki, Mikurajima-mura (Mikura-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 6.vi.1996, S. Naomi & M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kawada, Mikurajima-mura (Mikura-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 22.vii.1975, J. Ôkuma leg. (KUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Sato ~ Kawada, Mikurajima-mura (Mikurajima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 2.vii.2012, H. Kamezawa leg. (cHK); 4 unsexed, Sato ~ Kawada, Mikurajima-mura (Mikurajima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 13.v.2013, H. Kamezawa leg., from carcass of streaked shearwater (cHK); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Sato ~ Kawada, Mikurajima-mura (Mikura-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 1–2.v.1982, T. Maenami leg. (cYS); 2 males, 1 female, 63 unsexed, Sato ~ Kawada, Mikurajima-mura (Mikura-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 6–8.vi.1996, S. Naomi & M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 1 male, 16 unsexed, Sato ~ Kawada, Mikurajima-mura (Mikura-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 8.vi.1996, S. Naomi & M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mt. O-yama, Mikurajima-mura (Mikura-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 7.vi.1996, S. Naomi & M. Maruyama leg., alt. 800m (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tsubota, Mikurajima-mura (Mikura-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 23.vi.1999, R. B. Kuranishi leg. (KUM); 1 male, Ôkagô, Hachijô-machi (Hachijôjima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 16.vii.2003, Y. Kawabata leg. (cTW); 1 male, 4 unsexed, Mt. Yoake-yama, Ogasawara-mura (Chichi-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 3.v.1975, M. Ôishi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ogasawara-mura (Chichi-jima Is.), Tôkyôto, 19.vi.1976, Y. Kurosawa leg. ( NSMT); 4 males, 25 unsexed, Kitamura, Ogasawara-mura (Haha-jima Is.), Tôkyô-to, 30.xii.2007, H. Kamezawa leg. (cHK); 3 unsexed, Minamiiô-tô Is., Ogasawara-mura, Tôkyô-to, 16.vi.1982, M. Satô leg., alt. 750m (EUM); 1 male, 20 unsexed, Minamiiô-tô Is., Tôkyô-to, 16.vi.1982, M. Satô leg., alt. 750m (KUM); 2 unsexed, Minamiiô-tô Is., Tôkyô-to, 16.vi.1982, M. Satô leg., alt. 900m (KUM); 3 unsexed, Tôkyô-to, 11.v.1977, K. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tama-gawa River, Kanagawa-ken, 12.vi.1962, K. Mizusawa leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 26.ix.1982, M. Tao leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 26.iii.2014, H. Ooki leg. (cHO); 1 male, Kitahassaku, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 1.ix.2002, H. Ooki leg. (cHO); 1 unsexed, Kitahassaku, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 18.iv.2014, H. Ooki leg. (cHO); 1 unsexed, Kamimizo, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 18.iii.1953, R. Kiryû leg. (SCM); 3 unsexed, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 11.vii.1942, R. Kiryû leg. (SCM); 6 unsexed, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 12.vi.1962, K. Mizusawa leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Hatsu-sawa, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 29.viii.1994, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, near Ôkura, Kanagawa-ken, 2.v.1971, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 male, Jizô-daira, Yamakita-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 31.v– 6.vi.2006, T. Watanabe leg., fom flight interception trap (cTW); 4 unsexed, near Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 7.iv.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Arasaki, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 17.xi.1963, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miura-kaigan Beach, Miura-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 27.ix.1987, M. Tao leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Ikusawa, Ôiso-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 11.v.1997, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Kitakoura-masaragawarindô foresty road, Sado-shi (Sadoga-shima Is.), Niiigata-ken, 10.ix.1994, K. Haga leg., from bottom of gutter along roadside (KUM); 4 unsexed, near Shibata-shi, Niigata-ken, 5.v.1966, H. Koike leg. (KUM); 2 males, 6 unsexed, Yûkyûzan-kôen Park, Nagaoka-shi, Niigata-ken, 17.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg., from colony of snowy heron (KUM); 1 female, Kashiwazaki-shi, Niigata-ken, 22.vi.1978, T. Shimamura leg. (KUM); 1 female, 1 unsexed, Kashiwazaki-shi, Niigata-ken, 16.vi.1980, S. Naomi leg. (KUM); 1 female, 3 unsexed, Sakata, Miimachi, Wajima-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 16–17.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ogi, Noto-chô, Ishikawa-ken, 30.iv.1961, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Imahama, Hodatsushimizu-chô, Ishikawaken, 23.v.1948, S. Takaba leg. (cYH); 2 unsexed, Mt. Sanri-yama, Fukui-ken, 26.vii.1974, H. Sasaji leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Kamishiro, Hakuba-mura, Nagano-ken, 16.vi.1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, right side of Chikuma-gawa river, Shimoshiojiri, Ueda-shi, Nagano-ken, 5.xi.2000, K. Haga leg., from baited trap (human feces) (KUM); 1 unsexed, riberbed of left side of Chikuma-gawa River, Wakamiya, Chikuma-shi, Nagano-ken, 5.xi.2000, K. Haga leg., from human feces (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nakagome, Saku-shi, Nagano-ken, 15.xi.1998, S. Kawai leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Fujii-dani, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano-ken, 4.v.1987, N. Itô leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Yamadera, Ina-shi, Nagono-ken, 1.viii.1958, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, near Ôkubo, Shirakawa-mura, Gifu-ken, 28.vii.1982, W. Sazuki leg. (cYS); 1 male, Hongou-chô, Seki-shi, Gifu-ken, 5.viii.1977, Y. Takai leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Itô-shi, Shizuoka-ken, 4.iv.1969, Y. Kusui leg. (cYH); 1 female, Atsumi, Aichi-ken, 6.viii.1985, T. Sato leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Momotori-chô, Toba-shi (Tôshi-jima Is.), Mie-ken, 23–25.iv.1996, K. Aita leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Mihama-kaisuiyokujô Beach, Maizuru-shi, Kyôto-fu, 23.v.2000, K. Yasuda leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Daihi-zan, Kyôto-fu, 6.v.1965, M. Tomokuni leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Ômi, Ôhara, Sakyôku, Kyôto-shi, Kyôto-fu, 18.vii.1984, T. Matsumoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kibune, Sakyô-ku, Kyôto-shi, Kyôtofu, 2.v.1959, T. Shibata leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Fushimi-ku, Kyôto-shi, Kyôto-fu, 25.viii.1983, K. Masaki leg.

(cTI); 1 female, Kyôto-shi, Kyôto-fu, 10.vi.1982, S. Ogata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kizu-gawa River, Yawata-shi, 22.viii.1983, T. Ito leg. (cTI); 2 unsexed, Kizugawa-shi (Kizu), Kyôto-fu, 10.v.1964, T. Ito leg. (cYH); 6 unsexed, Kosobe-chô, Takatsuki-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 15.vi.1958, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 5 unsexed, Higashiyodogawa-ku, Ôsakashi, Ôsaka-fu, 9.ix.1958, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Yodo-gawa River, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 2.iv.1956, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Yodo-gawa River, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 3.iv.1956, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Yodo-gawa River, Ôsaka-fu, 9.ix.1958. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Yodo-gawa River, Ôsaka-fu, 20.vi.1969, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Yodo-gawa River, 28.iii.1956. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Yodo-gawa River, 15.iv.1957, T. Shibata leg. (cYH); 2 unsexed, Yodo-gawa River, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 19.ix.1957, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 3 unsexed, Abeno-ku, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 9.v.1956, Y. Kimura leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Abeno-ku, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 13.iv.1957, Y. Kimura leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Abeno-ku, Ôsaka-shi Ôsaka-fu, 20.iv.1957, Y. Kimura leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 11.iv.1958, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Yamato-gawa River, Sunjiyata, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Ôsaka-fu, 4.v.2002, S. Nii leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Nagai-kôen Park, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 22.v.1977, M. Yamamoto leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Nagai, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 21.iii.1959, K. Ueda leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Nagai, Higashisumiyoshiku, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 25.v.1976, M. Yamamoto leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Osaka Museum of Natural History, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Ôsaka-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 8.vi.2002, Y. Kawakami leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Yamato-gawa River, Matsubara-shi, Ôsaka-fu, 11.iv.1964, M. Yasui leg. (cYH); 3 unsexed, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgoken, 24.v.1980, Y. Hayashi leg., from trap (cYH); 1 male, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 6.vi.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 30.v.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Sasayama-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 11.viii.1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Nose, Hyôgo-ken, 6.viii.1965, T. Ito leg. (cYH); 1 female, Itami, Hyôgo-ken, 20.vi.1965, T. Ito leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Kako-gawa River, Takasago-shi, Hyôgo-ken, 20.iv.2008, Y. Kawakami leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Sumaura Coast, Kôbe-shi, Hyôgoken, 19.iv.1998, Y. Kawakami leg. (KUM); 1 male, Mt. Oogino-sen (border between Hyôgo-ken and Tottori-ken), 15.vii.1962, H. Uasa leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Ushimado, Setouchi-shi, Okayama-ken, 23.x.1976, S. Naomi leg. (KUM); [SHIKOKU]: 1 male, Tôde-hama Beach, Fukuda, Shôdoshima-chô (Shôdo-shima Is.), Kagawa-ken, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Higashikagawa-shi (former Oochi-chô), Kagawa-ken, 8.iv.1993, K. Aita leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Kato-gawa River, Yasuharashita, Takamatsu-shi, Kagawa-ken, 18.v.2002, H. Fujimoto leg., from carcass of catfish (KUM); 1 male, 1 female, 2 unsexed, Yo-shima Is., Sakaide-shi, Kagawa-ken, 28.iv.2014, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tejima, Marugame-shi, Kagawa-ken, 17.vii.2004, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ômi-shima Is., Imabari-shi, Ehime-ken, 19.vii.1959, M. Satô leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Tateiwakomenono, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 1–2.vi.1996, S. Nakai leg., by baited trap (EUM); 1 unsexed, Tateiwakomenono, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 1–2.vi.1996, T. Konishi leg., by baited trap (EUM); 1 unsexed, Tateiwakomenono, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 1–2.vi.1996, K. Kasahara leg., by baited trap (EUM); 1 unsexed, Tateiwakomenono, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 26.vii.1996, S. Nakai leg., by baited trap (EUM); 1 unsexed, seaside of Yanagihara, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 27.x.1987, Y. Yoshida leg. (EUM); 5 unsexed, Higashino, Matsuyama-shi, Ehimeken, 19.x.1969, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Shindate-machi, Matasuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 13.iv.2002, T. Kunhara leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Shiroyama, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 13.x.1993, S. Hisamatsu leg., from chicken trap (EUM); 1 unsexed, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 29.iv.1950, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 2.viii.1974, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 1 male, 10 unsexed, Matasuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 4.iv.1993, L. Li leg. (EUM); 3 unsexed, Matasuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 17.iv.1993, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 female, 46 unsexed, Matasuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 21.v.1993, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Matasuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 23.v.1993, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Watamaru, Sunouchi, Tôon-shi, 26.vi.2007, Y. Satô leg. (EUM); 1 male, 3 unsexed, Nakano, Iuchi, Tôon-shi, Ehime-ken, 26.vi.2007, Y. Satô leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Omogo-kei, Kumakôgen-chô, Ehime-ken, 21.x.1959, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Omogo-kei, Kumakôgen-chô, Ehimeken, 20.v.1952, S. Hisamatsu leg. (EUM); 1 female, 2 unsexed, Iyo-shi, Ehime-ken, 12.v.1974, A. Oda leg. (EUM); 5 females, 2 unsexed Nomura Dam, Seiyo-shi, Ehime-ken, 23-24.vii.1994, Okada & Fujioka leg., from baited trap (EUM); 1 unsexed, Kuroson, Shimanto-shi, Kôchi-ken, 20.vii.1957, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Okinoshima Is., Sukumo-shi, Kôchi-ken, 1.v.1965, T. Ito leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Okino-shima Is., Sukumo-shi, Kôchiken, 4.v.1988, T. Ito leg. (cYH); [KYÛSHÛ]: 1 unsexed, Okino-shima Is., Munakata-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 28.v.1933, Esaki & Hori leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Hiko-san, Soeda-machi, Fukuoka-ken, 25–30.vii.1969, M.-T. Chûjô leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Yamada G.S., Kitakyûshû-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 23.vi.1990, M. Kouge leg. ( ELKU); 4 unsexed, Sugamuta, Kurate-machi, Fukuoka-ken, 26.vi.1949, M. Yano leg. ( ELKU); 1 unsexed, Mitoma-hama Beach, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 20.iv.2000, H. Ishii leg., from a carcass of streaked shearwater (KUM); 1 unsexed, Minami-kôen Park, Chûô-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 23.v.1998, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Aratsu (Nishi-kôen Park), Chûô-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 20.iv.1958, M. Shiga leg. ( ELKU); 1 unsexed, Nokono-shima Is., Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 3.v.1998, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nokonoshima Is., Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 16.vi.1999, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Nokono-shima Is., Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 26.xi.2000, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 7.v.2009, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Shiiba-tôge Pass, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 11.v.1986, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 2 unsexed, Sasuna, Tsushima-shi (Tsushima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 31.vii.1967, A. Okuda leg. (cYH); 1 female, Mt. Ôboshi-yama, Minemachi, Tsushima-shi (Tsushima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 21.vii.1995, K. Aita leg. (EUM); 2 unsexed, Izuhara, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi (Tsushima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 13.viii.2001, Y. Kawakami leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Tatera-san, Tsushima-shi (Tsushima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 28.iv.1967, H. Konishi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Kazusa, Shimabara-shi, Nagasakiken, 5.iv.1977, S. Imasaka leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shirachi, Shimabara-shi, Nagasaki-ken, 2.x.1977, S. Imasaka leg. (KUM); 1 male, 8 unsexed, Mogi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki-ken, 12.iii.1958, Y. Nonaka leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Eno-shima Is., Saikai-shi, Nagasaki-ken, 18.iv.1993, Y. Kusui leg. (cTI); 1 unsexed, Kuchinotsu-machi, Nagasakiken, 23.xi.1979, S. Imasaka leg. (KUM); 1 female, Kurokami, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto-ken, 4.ix.1958, H. Aramaki leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Ichifusa-yama, Mizukami-mura, Kumamoto-ken, 23.vii.1969, H. Nomura leg. (cYH); 1 male, 24 unsexed, Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto-ken, 6.iv.1977, S. Naomi leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Sobo-san, Ôita-ken, 15.vii.1960, T. Kikuchi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Birou-jima Is., Kadogawa-chô, Miyazaki-ken, 28.iv.1991, M. Kawanabe leg. (EUM); 1 male, Kawaminami, Kawaminami-chô, Miyazaki-ken, 3–5.viii.2014, T. Watanabe leg., from dung of dog (cTW); 1 unsexed, Toso, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima-ken, 25.ix.1982, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 2 males, 31 unsexed, right side of river mouth of Kubota-gawa River, Kishijima, Kimotsuki-chô Kagoshima-ken, 5.v.1991, K. Haga leg., from carcass of dog (KUM); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Sata-misaki Cape, Minamiôsumi-chô, Kagoshima-ken, 17.iv.1973, Y. Furuki leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Genkawa, Kagoshima-ken, 15.viii.1961, T. Kawanabe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miyanoura, Yakushima-chô (Yaku-shima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 24.vii.1967, Y. Hirano leg. (cYS); 1 unsexed, Anbô, Yakushima-chô (Yaku-shima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 27.iii.1964, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Kurio, Yakushima-chô (Yaku-shima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 26.vii.1952, Y. Kurosawa leg. ( NSMT); 1 unsexed, Hananoe-gô, Yakushima-chô (Yaku-shima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 22.vii.1968, Y. Maeda leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Ôkawa, Yakushima-chô (Yaku-shima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 29.vii.1976, Naomi leg. (KUM); 1 female, Sato, Amami-shi (Amami-ôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 4.viii.1998, T. Uebi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Chinaze, Amami-shi (Amami-ôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 6.vii.2014, S. Yamamoto leg., from chicken carrion trap (KUM); 1 male, Chûô-rindô forestry road, Sumiyouchô, Amami-shi (Amami-ôshima Is.), Kagoshimaken, 27.iii.1999, H. Nakanishi leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Kowase, Sumiyou-mura (Amami-ôshima Is.), Kagoshimaken, 27.iii.1999, H. Nakanishi leg. (EUM); 5 males, 7 females, 14 unsexed, Mt. Yuwan-dake, Uken-mura (Amamiôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 20.vi.1998, K. Mizota leg., alt. 450m, from carrion trap (KUM); 1 male, Mt. Yuwandake, Yamato-son (Amami-ôshima Is.), 12.viii.1998, T. Uebi leg. (KUM); 1 female, Fukumoto, Yamato-son (Amami-ôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 10.viii.1998, T. Uebi leg. (KUM); 1 female, Hatsuno, Amami-shi (Amamiôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 7.vii.1962, N. Ôbayashi leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Hatsuno, Amami-shi (Amamiôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 9.vii.1962, N. Ôbayashi leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Hatsuno, Amami-shi (Amamiôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 3.iv.1963, Y. Arita leg. (EUM); 2 females, Hatsuno, Amami-shi (Amami-ôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 2.iv.1967, H. Nomura leg. (cYH); 1 male, 3 unsexed, Shinmura, Sumiyoshi-chô (Amami-ôshima Is.), Kagoshima-ken, 28.iii.1969, K. Tanizawa leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Mt. Nishime-dake, Kunigami-son (Okinawahontô Is.), Okinawa-ken, 10.iv.2000, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Yona, Kunigami-son (Okinawa-hontô Is.), Okinawa-ken, 10-vi.1978, T. Ogasawara leg. (KUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Hentona, Ogimi-son, Okinawa-ken, 9.vi.1978, T. Ogasawara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nago (Okinawa-hontô Is.), Okinawa-ken, 9.viii.1964, T. Ito leg. (cYH); 1 male, Sueyoshi-kôen Park, Naha-shi (Okinawa-hontô Is.), Okinawa-ken, 20.x.1988, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tokashiki-jima Is., Okinawa-ken, 14.v.1987, Y. Kusui leg. (cTI); 1 male, Aka-jima Is. (Kerama-shotô Islands), Okinawa-ken, 25.vii.1988, Y. Kusui leg. (cTI).

Old material. JAPAN: 1 unsexed, “IV- Kanagawa / VII. Japan / H. Sauter 1906 [HW: ‘IV-’, ‘VII.’, only ‘[190] 6’.] // parens Shp / det. Bernhauer / Mus. Germ [HW: ‘ parens Shp’, ‘Mus. Germ’.] / Chicago NHMus / M. Bernhauer / Collection” ( FMNH); 2 unsexed, “IV, Kanagawa [HW: ‘IV,’] / VII, Japan [HW: ‘VII,’] / H. Sauter 1906 [HW: only ‘[190] 6’.] // Bernhauer det. // coll. DEI / Eberswalde” ( DEI); 1 unsexed, “ JAPAN / Kobe / J. E. A.

LEWIS // Aleochara / parens Shp. [HW] // Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus. / (ex. D. Sharp Colln. / by exchange with / Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist.)” ( FMNH); 4 unsexed (two pairs glued on each paper card), “ JAPAN / Kobe / Harada [HW] / 16. V. ’12 [HW] / JEA Lewis [HW] // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT); 1 unsexed, “ JAPAN / Kobe / J. E. A. LEWIS // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT); 1 unsexed, “ JAPAN / Kobe / J. E. A. LEWIS // a. / parens / Shp. [HW] // Aleochara / parens / Shp [HW] // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT); 1 unsexed, “ JAPAN / Kobe / J. E. A. LEWIS // Aleochara [HW] / parens [HW] / Shp [HW] // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT); 3 unsexed, “Okayama / Japan. Sauter // parens Shp / det. Bernhau [HW: ‘ parens Shp’] / Chicago NHMus / M. Bernhauer / Collection” ( FMNH); 1 unsexed, “Unzen / bei / Shimabara / Japan // parens Shp / det. Bernhau / don. Em. Reitter [HW: ‘ parens Shp’, ‘don. Em. Reitter’] // Chicago NHMus / M. Bernhauer / Collection” ( FMNH); 1 unsexed, “Nagasaki. / 13. II. –21. IV. 81. // Japan. / G. Lewis. // Compared with / Type / Aleochara / parens / Shp. [printed in red: ‘Compared with’, ‘Type’; HW: ‘Aleochara’, ‘parens’, ‘Shp.’.]” ( FMNH); 1 unsexed, “Beppu, NO. / Kiushiu, Japan [HW] // parens Shp / det. Bernhau / don. Em. Reitter [HW: ‘ parens Shp’, ‘don. Em. Reitter’] // Chicago NHMus / M. Bernhauer / Collection” ( FMNH); 6 unsexed (three pairs glued on each paper card), “ JAPAN / Beppu. / 5. V. 13 [HW] // aleochara [HW] / parens [HW] / Shp. [HW] // 1719 [HW] // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT); 4 unsexed (two pairs glued on each paper card), “ JAPAN / Beppu. / 5. V. 13 [HW] // parens [HW] // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977” ( NSMT); 1 male, “ Japonia [HW] / D. Hiller [HW] // Coll. Weise // Japonica [HW] / Sharp [HW] // DEI / EBERSWALDE / Aleochara [HW] / praesul SH. [HW] / det. R. Pace 1984 [HW: only ‘[19] 84’] // coll. DEI / Eberswalde // Aleochara [HW] / praesul Sharp [HW]” ( DEI); 1 female, “Coll. Weise // DEI / EBERSWALDE // Aleochara [HW] / praesul SH. [HW] / det. R. Pace 1984 [HW: only ‘‘[19] 84’’]” ( DEI).

Diagnosis. Aleochara parens is similar to the other species, especially A. postica and A. coreana , but this species can be separated from them by the combination of the following characteristics: body small to relatively large in size ( A. postica and A. coreana rarely small in size); body usually uniformly brownish brown to blackish brown in color (not A. coreana and part of A. postica ); head of dorsal surface evenly rather densely and shallowly punctured (not A. postica ); elytra sometimes with darkened but relatively ambiguous maculations on lateral sides of each elytron (not A. coreana ); median lobe of male aedeagus bulbous (not A. postica ), complex sclerites not reaching near bottom of median lobe (not A. coreana ); female spermatheca C-shaped (not A. postica ), apical invagination of spermatheca deep and subconical in shape (not A. coreana and A. postica ). This species is often found on islands distant from mainland of Japan, except for Yaeyama-shotô Islands, the Ryûkyûs, southwestern part of Japan.

Redescription. Measurements (in mm, n = 20): BL = 6.50 (5.01–7.88); HL = 0.77 (0.65–0.87); HW = 0.92 (0.75–1.02); PL = 1.10 (0.84–1.25); PW = 1.55 (1.18–1.73); EL = 0.88 (0.66–1.01); EW = 1.71 (1.21–1.99).

Body ( Figs 4 , 13 ): fusiform, robust, small to large in size; dorsal surface weakly glossy and pubescent, without any kind of micro-reticulation, rather finely punctured. Color ( Figs 4 , 13 ): usually uniformly brownish brown to blackish brown, but elytra variable in color pattern, generally pale brown to dark brown uniformly (sometimes infuscate laterally and basally to form somewhat indistinct dark maculations); antennae with antennomeres I–III yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, antennomere IV much darker, antennomeres V–XI slightly darker than those of I–III but covered densely with minute whitish setae; mouth parts and legs yellowish brown to dark brownish brown; pubescence yellowish brown.

Head ( Fig. 22 ): semicircular, as long as width (HW/HL = 1.19, n = 20), widest at posterior part of eyes; setae on vertex rather dense but inconspicuous, directed anteriomedially; punctation medium in size, evenly scattered rather densely; vertex longitudinally lack of punctation at middle, but small to medium in size. Eyes: medium in length, occupying approximately half length of head, slightly protruding laterally.

Antennae ( Fig. 40 ): short, moderately shorter than head and pronotum combined; thick, setose, with antennomere IV moderately transverse, but antennomeres V to X strongly transverse in approximately same width each; antennomere XI symmetrical, obtusely rounded at apex; approximate relative length of antennomeres from basal to apex: 19 (including base): 8.5: 9: 4: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 13.

Pronotum ( Fig. 4 ): transversely oval (PW/PL = 1.41, n = 20), strongly narrowing anterad, moderately longer than sutural length of elytra, widest around below of basal half, basal margin weakly rounded; pubescence dense, directed laterally and posterolaterally; covered uniformly and densely with small, shallow punctation.

Mesoventrite ( Fig. 31 ): inter coxal process rather narrowly elongate, with rounded apex, completely reaching to inter coxal process of metaventrite.

Elytra ( Fig. 4 ): together, transverse (EW/EL = 1.93, n = 20), rather small, slightly smaller than pronotum, widest at middle; fine pubescence scattered densely, diverging posteriorly on each elytron; dorsal surface rough and impressed finely and shallowly; posterolateral corners of each elytron not sinuate.

Legs ( Fig. 4 ): simple, short, moderately slender; fore and midtibia, densely covered with undeveloped spines, respectively.

Abdomen ( Fig. 4 ): first three visible tergites deeply impressed transversely at base; dorsal and ventral surface moderately covered with long thin setae.

Male: tergite VIII ( Fig. 72 ): posterior margin smooth, not serrate at all, weakly but clearly emarginate broadly and medially; dorsal surface covered with setae rather densely, with approximately 9 macrosetae. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 74 ): posterior margin broadly rounded, with a row of sparse minute sensory setae (see Yamamoto & Maruyama, 2012: 10), and with a complex-cluster of very minute setae just behind the row of minute setae; ventral surface densely covered with setae, with approximately 11 macrosetae. Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs 76–77 ): [lateral view ( Fig. 76 )]: robust, gradually narrowing apically; apical lobe sharply pointed, not hook- shaped at apex; [parameral view ( Fig. 77 )]: bulbous, with basal part widely rounded; apical lobe abruptly narrowing moderately near apex, with narrowly and acutely pointed apex; a series of complex sclerites, not reaching to beyond basal 1/3 of median lobe.

Female: tergite VIII ( Fig. 73 ): posterior margin as in male; dorsal surface covered densely with setae, with approximately 10 macrosetae. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 75 ): posterior margin very weakly rounded broadly or almost truncate; ventral surface covered with setae rather densely, with approximately 12 macrosetae. Spermatheca ( Fig. 78 ): C-shaped; apical invagination of spermatheca deep and conical in shape; spermathecal head and neck forming elliptical shape together; attachment of spermathecal duct inconspicuous; basal part of spermathecal stem almost straight, as long as spermathecal head and neck combined; chitinized portion of spermathecal stem moderately long, almost same as length of spermathecal head and neck combined; each part of spermatheca uniformly and weakly sclerotized; inner wall of spermathecal head and neck rather densely striate, that of basal part not reticulate at all.

Distribution. Japan [Hokkaidô, Honshû, Shikoku, Kyûshû; Okushiri-tô Is., Oshima-ôshima Is., Izu-ôshima Is., Shikine-jima Is., Miyake-jima Is., Mikura-jima Is., Hachijô-jima Is., Chichi-jima Is., Haha-jima Is., Minamiiôjima Is., Shôdo-shima Is., Okino-shima Is. ( Kôchi ), Okino-shima Is. (Fukuoka), Tsu-shima Is., Yaku-shima Is., Amami-ôshima Is., Okinawa-hontô Is., Tokashiki-jima Is., Aka-jima Is.]; Korea, China.

Host records. No host record is available.

Remarks for type material. There are seven possible syntypes of A. parens . However, three of them were dissected inadequately by PR and in very bad condition. The remaining four specimens included one male specimen with its aedeagus in good condition, which is designated as the lectotype here ( Fig. 111 ).

Comments. This Aleochara species is commonly found throughout the entire Japanese territory, including small islands, spanning the northern part (Hokkaidô) to the southwestern part of Japan (Okinawa-hontô Island) (see Fig. 124 ). Records of A. parens from China and Korea are also known ( Cho & Ahn, 2001; Luo & Zhao, 2012).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 9. Habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 1, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 2, A. (A.) curtula; 3, A. (A.) lata; 4, A. (A.) parens; 5, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 6, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 7, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 8, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 9, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 18. Lateral habitus of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa: 10, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 11, A. (A.) curtula; 12, A. (A.) lata; 13, A. (A.) parens; 14, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 15, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 16, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 17, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 18, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 27. Head of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 19, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 20, A. (A.) curtula; 21, A. (A.) lata; 22, A. (A.) parens; 23, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 24, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 25, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 26, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 27, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 28 – 36. Meso- and metaventrite of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 28, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 29, A. (A.) curtula; 30, A. (A.) lata; 31, A. (A.) parens; 32, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 33, A. (A.) postica with blackish brown elytra from Amami-ôshima Is., Japan; 34, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 35, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 36, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 37 – 44. Antenna of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (right, dorsal view): 37, Aleochara (Aleochara) coreana; 38, A. (A.) curtula; 39, A. (A.) lata; 40, A. (A.) parens; 41, A. (A.) postica with yellowish elytra from Hokkaidô, Japan; 42, A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.; 43, A. (Xenochara) niponensis sp. rev.; 44, Paraleochara kochi n. comb. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 72 – 78. Terminalia of Aleochara (Aleochara) parens: 72, male tergite VIII, dorsal view; 73, female tergite VIII, dorsal view; 74, male sternite VIII, ventral view; 75, female sternite VIII, ventral view; 76, median lobe of male aedeagus, lateral view; 77, ditto, parameral view; 78, female spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (72 – 75); 0.2 mm (76 – 77); 0.1 mm (78).

FIGURES 107 – 119. Type materials of Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) with the excluded taxa (dorsal view): 107, syntype of Aleochara coreana; 108, syntype of A. lewisia; 109, ditto, re-mounted; 110, lectotype of A. discoidea; 111, lectotype of A. parens; 112, paralectotypes of A. parens; 113, holotype of A. postica; 114, lectotype of A. claviger; 115, syntype of A. nitouensis; 116, ditto; 117 – 118, lectotype of A. niponensis; 119, holotype of A. kochi. Deposited in BMNH: 107 – 114, 117 – 118. Deposited in FMNH: 115 – 116, 119.

FIGURES 123 – 124. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Aleochara) spp. in Japan, based on the specimens examined in this study: 123, Aleochara (Aleochara) lata; 124, A. (A.) parens.