Wyeomyia (Decamyia) anthica, Ribeiro & Pavan & Silva & Galvão & Lourenço-De-Oliveira & Motta, 2021

Ribeiro, Paulino Siqueira, Pavan, Márcio Galvão, Silva, Marcos Barbosa Da, Galvão, Cleber, Lourenço-De-Oliveira, Ricardo & Motta, Monique Albuquerque, 2021, A new species of Wyeomyia (Diptera: Culicidae) from Heliconia flower bracts in northern South America, Zootaxa 4999 (6), pp. 534-552 : 535-548

Wyeomyia (Decamyia) anthica sp. n.

Female. Small mosquito. Head: Vertex and occiput covered with dark scales with bluish reflections, semi-erect scales present, postgena with white scales; ocular line with a row of white scales, mainly evident laterally; ocular setae brown, including 2 long, brown interocular setae. Interocular space narrow, without setae and scales. Occiput and vertex with a transverse patch of scales with whitish reflections. Clypeus and frons without setae and scales, covered with fine aculeae (pruinose); clypeus brown, ovate, noticeably tapered apically. Maxillary palpus attached at half-length of clypeus, with 2 palpomeres, short, similar in length to clypeus, brown-scaled, brown setae at apex. Proboscis: Length 2.1 mm, slightly expanded dorsoventrally at apex; dorsal and ventral surfaces brown-scaled; 12 basal labial setae, brown, short and long,

......continued on the next page labellum with brown integument. Antenna: As long as proboscis; pedicel brown, pruinose. Flagellum moderately verticillate, whorls with dark setae. Thorax: Integument cream-colored. Scutum brown-scaled with bluish reflections; anterior promontory with few white scales in middle and around 25 darkish setae of different sizes; acrostichal and dorsocentral setae absent. Scutellum covered with brown scales with bluish reflections limited to lobes; median lobe with 4 long and 5–8 short darkish brown setae, lateral lobes with 3,4 long and 6 short darkish brown setae. Mesopostnotum yellowish to light brown, pruinose, with a tuft of 12,14 light brown setae, without scales. Antepronotum covered with brown scales with weak violaceous reflections and a few white scales on the posterior margin, well separated from antepronotum of opposite side; a row of approximately 16 strong dark brown setae dorsally. Postpronotum covered with white scales; dark scales restricted to posterodorsal area. Thoracic pleura covered with pearly white scales; anterior lateral margin of mesokatepisternum, mesomeron, paratergite, metapleural suture and metapostnotum nude. Pleural chaetotaxy as follows: 3,4 light brown prespiracular setae, long, extending beyond spiracle; postspiracular setae absent; 6 upper proepisternal setae, yellowish, long; 5 yellowish lower mesokatepisternal setae, 2 setae above upper margin of mesomeron; upper mesokatepisternal setae absent, prealar area with 4,5 yellowish setae; lower mesepimeral setae absent; 6,8 pale yellowish upper mesepimeral setae, nearly in row. Halter : Integument yellowish; scabellum and pedicel dark-scaled dorsally, capitellum dark-scaled. Wing: Length approximately 4.2 mm, scales brown with bluish reflections. Dorsal scales: veins R 1 –R 3, R 4+5, M 1 and M 2 with spatulate scales with rounded ends; M with long, spatulate scales; M 3+4 with decumbent scales; CuA with decumbent scales; 1A with moderately broad scales. Calypter with 3 dark brown setae. Alula with 11 simple, dark brown setae. Legs: Coxae and trochanters with pearly white scales and long yellowish setae. Femora, tibiae and tarsi mainly darkscaled; ventroposterior margins of femora and tibiae white-scaled, foretarsomeres dark-scaled with whitish reflections noticeably on foretarsomeres 1 and 2; midtarsomeres 1–3 with white scaling on ventroposterior surface; midtarsomeres 2 and 3 with white scaling restricted to a weak line that usually does not reach the apex, this line may reach the apex on midtarsomere 2; midtarsomere 4 usually entirely dark-scaled on the ventroposterior surface or with a few whitish scales at base; midtarsomere 5 dark; hindtarsomeres 1–5 with white scaling on ventroposterior surface, weaker and usually restricted to base of hindtarsomeres 2–5; the weak line of white scales may reach the apex on the ventroposterior surface of hindtarsomeres 4 and 5. Ungues simple. Abdomen: Abdominal terga covered with brown decumbent spatulate scales. Tergum I covered with dark scales dorsally with a double row of yellowish setae on posterolateral margin; sterna covered with whitish scales; color on sides separated in nearly straight line. Genitalia ( Fig 1 ): Tergum VIII wider than long, covered with minute spicules and spatulate scales; distal margin convex, setae on margin. Sternum VIII almost as wide as long, covered with minute spicules and spatulate scales, lateral margins rounded, distal margin convex, invaginated in middle; setae distributed in a roughly triangular middle area. Tergum IX narrow, curved, covered with small spicules, lobes indistinct, bearing 2 setae each. Insula rounded, covered with small spicules, distal margin with 10 strong setae. Postgenital lobe longer than wide, slightly narrowed around mid-length, apical margin invaginated in middle, covered with minute spicules; ventral surface with 2 rows of 2 setae of similar lengths. Cercus covered with minute spicules; apex slightly truncate; dorsal surface with setae of different lengths. Three spherical spermathecal capsules of different sizes.

Male. Similar to female except for the following characters: Proboscis: Length 1.9–2.0 mm (mean 1.9 mm), slightly expanded dorsoventrally at apex; dorsal surface brown-scaled, ventral surface white-scaled; labellum with integument brown, covered with pale scales. Antenna: Slightly more verticillate than in female. Thorax: Anterior promontory with few white scales in middle and 20–22(20) darkish setae of different lengths. Supraalar and antealar areas with approximately 45 brown setae. Scutellum : Margin of median lobe with 3,4(4) long and 4–7 short darkish brown setae, lateral lobes with 3–6(4) long and 4,5(4) short darkish brown setae. Mesopostnotum with a tuft of 10–12(10) light brown setae, without scales. Antepronotum with a row of 11–16(12) dark brown setae dorsally. Postpronotum covered with white scales; dark scales restricted to dorsal area. Pleural chaetotaxy as follows: 1–4(2) light brown prespiracular setae; postspiracular setae absent; 4–7(5) yellowish long upper proepisternal setae; 3–5(5) yellowish lower mesokatepisternal setae, 2 setae above upper margin of mesomeron; upper mesokatepisternal setae absent, 4 yellowish prealar setae; lower mesepimeral setae absent; 6–9(6,7) pale yellowish upper mesepimeral setae, nearly in row. Wing: Length 3.4–3.7 mm (mean 3.5 mm). Legs: Foretarsomeres 1–5 with ventral surface entirely dark-scaled; midtarsomeres 1–4 weakly white-scaled on ventroposterior surface; midtarsomere 5 dark-scaled; hindtarsomeres 1–5 with a weak continuous line of white scales on ventroposterior surface. Ungues simple. Genitalia ( Figs 2 , 3 ): Tergum VIII wider than long; invaginated in middle distally, nearly forming 2 lobes, covered with small spicules and spatulate scales on apical 0.5; 113–154(134) moderately long setae evenly distributed on distal third, longer laterally. Sternum VIII wider than long; distal region covered with small spicules and dense covering of spatulate scales; 23–29(25,26) setae in a roughly single row along distal margin. Tergum and sternum IX fused laterally, forming a complete ring, slightly convex. Tergum IX: Lobes not pronounced; interlobar space narrow, slightly concave, each lobe bearing 5,6 short, weakly chitinized, modified setae, resembling daisy flower petals. Sternum IX narrow with a medial triangular expansion produced between bases of gonocoxites. Proctiger (in lateral view) with basal sclerotization (tergum X) without setae. Paraproct sclerotized dorsoapically, narrow, with flattened fin-like process on sternal margin at base; apex with 2 or 3 teeth close together, one tooth pronounced and curved like a penguin’s beak; cercal setae absent. Gonocoxite: Short, rounded, abruptly narrowed toward apex. Basal margin strongly rounded; mesal junction with phallosome being far distal. Lower tergomesal surface membranous. Apex of tergomesal area spiculate, with 16–27(24) setae of different lengths; only one tergomesal seta, slightly shorter than gonostylus. Basal mesal lobe narrow, minute, with 7–13(7) fine setae. Gonostylus: Long, 0.67 length of gonocoxite, narrow, with similar width for almost entire length, but tapering towards the lobes; basal area with discrete spicules; apically divided into 4 small, simple lobes: lobe A digitiform, with one elongate, strong, spiniform apical seta, like a curved-tipped claw; lobe E arising from lobe A, not pronounced, distal margin bearing 3 minute setae; lobe M narrow, bearing 5,6 differentiated setae distally ( Fig. 3A ), 2 strong and curved setae, one inserted at tip more chitinous and resembling a claw, the other inserted on the inner side; a row of 3,4 strong, erect setae of different lengths inserted laterally, setal length increasing from tip towards the base, all bearing a hair-like expansion apically; one simple, hair-like, long seta inserted among the distal differentiated setae; one simple, thin, small seta inserted on about proximal 0.33 of inner surface; lobe C narrow, elongate, with a tuft of numerous fine setae and 3 more strongly developed curved setae at apex ( Fig. 3B ). A row of 2–4 simple erect setae usually of same length inserted laterally near base of lobe C ( Fig. 3B ). Aedeagus ovate, wider basally; submedian tergal arms joined at midline to form narrow median tergal bridge; apical tergal arms very close, not fused, slightly serrate at apex; median sternal plate membranous, basally pointed and short, apically prominent in middle. Basal piece of phallosome (partially illustrated with gonocoxite in Fig. 2 ) with a distal prominent sclerotized columnar process fused to gonocoxite, with 2 distinct apical insertions from which emerge 2 strong, long modified setae joined together for almost entire length by membrane, bent approximately in mid-length with an expanded elbow-shaped outer side, basal section narrower and shorter than the apical one, foliaceous and tapered distally into an elongate filamentous tip ( Fig. 3C ); a filamentous expansion arises from the integument near the insertion of these 2 setae, where 1–3 branches, which may have very uneven lengths, emerge from a short pedicel-like structure ( Fig. 3C, D ); one short, thin seta inserted near base of the pedicel-like structure and the insertion of the modified setae ( Fig. 3C ).

dendritic.

Pupa ( Fig. 4 ). Position and character of setae as figured; numbers of branches in Table 2. Cephalothorax: Tanned, scutum slightly darker. Seta 1-CT sigmoid, long, double, hooked at apex; setae 2,3-CT with 3,4 branches; seta 4-CT usually triple; seta 5-CT strongly developed, weakly aciculate, usually triple; seta 6-CT normally single; seta 7-CT normally triple; seta 8-CT with 2,3 branches; seta 9-CT usually double; seta 10-CT with 4–8 branches; seta 11-CT single; seta 12-CT normally single. Trumpet: Moderately tanned, trumpet index 2.7–3.9 (mean 3.3) (width measured at mid-length). Abdomen: Tanned with darker pigmentation at base of all segments. Seta 1-I well-developed, dendritic, 1-II with 5–11 branches emerging at different levels, 1-III with 1–5 branches, 1-IV with 2–7 branches, 1-V normally triple, 1-VI with 2,3 branches, 1-VII usually single; seta 2-I single, 2-II–VII single, inserted posteriorly; seta 3-I normally single, slightly aciculate, 3-II,III single, similar in development, 3-IV with 2–5 branches, 3-V normally triple, 3-VI usually double, 3- VII normally single; seta 4-I with 5,9 branches, 4-II normally with 4,5 branches, 4-III,IV,VII normally double, 4-V with 3,6 branches, 4-VI triple, 4-VIII with 1,2 branches; seta 5-I normally with 4 branches, 5-II usually double, 5-III with 2,3 branches, 5-IV–VI single, slightly aciculate, slightly longer than following segments, 5-VII with 1,2 branches; seta 6-I–III normally single, 6-II slightly aciculate, 6-IV,V double, 6-VI with 1,3 branches, 6-VII in dorsal position, usually double; setae 7-I with 2–4 branches, 7-II,IV,VI normally double, 7-III normally single, 7-V usually triple, 7-VII with 1,2 branches; seta 8-III with 2–6 branches, 8-IV with 1–4 branches, 8-V with 2,3 branches, 8-VI normally double, 8-VII with 4–6 branches; seta 9-I with 1,2 branches, 9-II–VI single, 9-VII with 13–16 branches, aciculate, slightly longer than segment VIII, 9-VIII with 12–16 branches, aciculate, longer than paddle; seta 10-II–VI normally double, 10-VII usually single; seta 11-I usually single, 11-II usually double, 11-III–VII normally single; seta 14 usually single. Paddle: Lightly tanned, slightly longer than segment VIII, densely fringed all along margin, slender, apex pointed, paddle index 2.0–2.8. Genital lobe of male: Tanned, shorter than paddle, about 0.67 length of paddle, narrow, not extending laterally beyond inner margin of midrib. Median caudal lobe of male: Tanned, shorter than genital lobe.

Fourth-instar larva ( Figs 5 , 6A, B ). Position and character of setae as figured; numbers of branches in Table 3. Head: Slightly wider than long, lightly tanned. Collar absent, occipital foramen with a slit-like extension on either side. Hypostomal suture complete. Dorsomentum with one central tooth slightly larger than lateral teeth (9,10) on either side. Lateral teeth similar in development, except for most lateral teeth that sometimes are very small. Maxilla (not figured): Rounded; maxillary brush long, similar in length to seta 4-Mx; apical tooth slightly bent mesad, similar in development to teeth of laciniarastrum. Laciniarastrum 1 with a row of 7 teeth of similar development; dense group of long setae close to laciniarastrum 1. Maxillary palpus not fused to maxillary body, 3 short digitiform setae; seta 1-Mx single, stout, forked at apex, inserted on apical 0.33; seta 2-Mx single, short; seta 4-Mx single, pointed, long, inserted on anterior area; seta 6-Mx single, long. Mandible: Ventral tooth 0 prominent, larger than ventral teeth 1–3, ventral tooth 4 fine, elongate; mandibular sweeper divided into 2 groups of long setae, anterior sweeper with 6 setae, posterior with 2 setae. Antenna: Short, slen- der; seta 1-A single, inserted on apical third; seta 2-A fine, approximately same length as setae 1-A; setae 3–5-A single, stout. Seta 1-C single, elongated, stout; seta 3-C single; setae 4-C usually double, twice length of seta 1-C; setae 5,6-C single, approximately same length; setae 7,8-C normally with 2 or 3 branches; setae 9,10-C approximately same length, 9-C usually with 3 branches; setae 10,12,13-C normally double; seta 11-C usually with 8 branches; seta 14-C long, usually with 4 branches; seta 15-C longer than 0.5 length of 14-C, normally triple, inserted in line with 14-C below anterior margin of labiogula. Thorax: Seta 0-P usually with 12 branches; seta 1-P with 5–6 branches; seta 2-P usually single; seta 3-P normally with 3 branches; setae 4–7-P inserted on same sclerotized plate, 4-P normally with 7 branches, strongly aciculate at mid-length; 5,6-P single, slightly aciculate; seta 7-P usually with 6 aciculate branches at mid-length; seta 8-P usually with 17 branches; setae 9–12-P inserted on same plate, 9-P usually double, slightly aciculate, 10-P normally single, slightly aciculate, 11-P sclerotized, normally double, 12-P usually double; seta 14-P usually with 20 branches. Seta 1-M normally with 4 branches; setae 2,3-M single; seta 4-M normally double; setae 5,6-M single, slightly aciculate; seta 7-M normally single; seta 8-M usually with 5 or 6 branches, slightly aciculate; setae 9–12-M inserted on same sclerotized plate, clustered together, 9-M normally single, aciculate, 10-M usually single, slightly aciculate, 11-M developed like 11- P, 12-M normally double, aciculate; seta 13-M usually with 9 branches; seta 14-M usually with 9 or 10 branches. Seta 1-T usually with 5 or 7 branches; seta 2-T usually single, twice length of seta 3-T; seta 3-T normally with 3 branches; seta 4-T normally with 5 branches; seta 5-T usually with 7 branches; seta 6-T normally single; seta 7-T normally with 7 branches, aciculate, inserted on sclerotized plate; seta 8-T usually with 7 branches; setae 9–11-T inserted on same sclerotized plate, 9-T normally with 4 or 5 branches, aciculate, 10-T single, aciculate, 11-T single, strong, spiniform, seta 12-T normally single, aciculate; seta 13-T inserted on sclerotized plate, usually 10 branches, aciculate. Abdomen: Seta 0-II–VI branched, 0-II,III similar in length to seta 4-II, 0-IV–VI similar in length to seta 2-IV–VI; seta 1-I–VII well-developed, branched; seta 2-I–VII branched, 2-I mesad and anterior to 3-I, 2-II–VII usually branched, mesad and anterior to 1-II–VII and 4- II–VII; seta 3-I normally branched, anterior to 4-I, 3-IV–VI posterior to 4-II–VI, 3-VII normally single, approximately twice length of 1-VII, 4-I normally with 6 branches, longer than 2,3-I, 4-III–VI mesad of 1-III–VI; seta 5-I usually with 4 branches, 5-II–VII well developed, multi-branched, with branches emerging at different levels, 5-VII approximately twice length of 4-VII; seta 6-I,II long, normally with 4 branches, well developed, aciculate, 6-III–VI well developed, usually double, aciculate, 6-VII normally double, same length as 7-VII; seta 7-I,II branched, well developed, aciculate, 7-III–VI small, branched, anterior to 10-III–VI; seta 8-II–V usually single and lateral, 8-VI small, branched and lateral, 8-VII branched, small; seta 9-I long, usually double, 9-II–VI branched, strong; seta 10-I branched, inserted posterior to 11-I, 10-II,III normally single, inserted lateral to 11-II,III, 10-IV–VI short, inserted lateral to 11-IV–VI; seta 11-I short, mesad to 10-I; seta 12-II–VI inserted mesally; seta 13-I branched, longer than 10-I, 13-II branched, in line with or anterior to 12-II, 13-III–VI branched, aligned and posterior to 12-III–VI. Segment VIII: Comb with about 56 elongate scales grouped without forming defined rows, scales with rounded apices and uniformly bordered by delicate spicules whose length increases towards the tip ( Fig. 6-A, B ). Seta 1-VIII single, with branches of different lengths, 2-VIII single, slightly longer than 3-VIII, 3-VIII branched, 4-VIII usually single, 5-VIII single, slightly longer than 4-VIII. Siphon: Moderately long; index 3.4–4.7 (mean 3.9; median 3.8) (width measured at base); gradually narrowed in apical 0.33, tanned, more pigmented at base. Pecten with 2–4(3) elongate spines in ventromedian row; seta 1-S single, inserted near margin, frayed at apex; 1,3(2) pairs of setae 1a-S, single, slightly aciculate, inserted at mid-length of siphon distal to pecten; 4,5(4) pairs of seta 2a-S, frayed at apices, borne on proximal 0.67 of siphon; seta 2-S with hooked tip. Segment X: Saddle slightly more tanned than siphon; setae 1–3-X similar in development, aciculate, 1-X double, 2-X with 3 branches, 3-X double, 4-X normally with 7 or 8 branches, slightly aciculate.

Etymology. Greek, anthos (flower, combining form anth-) and suffix - ikos (Latin – icus) (belong to), to produce the latinized feminine adjective anthica , meaning ‘belonging to flowers’, in reference to the larval habitat of the species, i.e. flower bracts.

Bionomics. The immature forms of Wy. anthica were collected together with Wy. rorotai and Wy. pseudopecten only in flower bracts of Heliconia plants growing mostly in shaded areas. In the type locality of Wy. anthica (Clevelândia do Norte District, Oiapoque, Amapá State, northern Brazil), the lowlands covered by the rain forest, especially the edges of streams, have a tall canopy rich in bromeliads and abundant bamboo, which produce shaded and humid environments favorable for the development of Heliconia plants. Although the flower bracts of Heliconia contained a considerable number of larvae and pupae at the time of our collections, adult females have never been found attaching humans nearby. The immature stages of Wy. anthica , as well as Wy. rorotai and Wy. pseudopecten , showed high mortality in the laboratory, suggesting that the liquid contained in flower bracts is somehow vital to the success of their development to adulthood.

Distribution. Wyeomyia anthica is known from Oiapoque, Amapá State, Amazon region, northern Brazil, and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta foothills in Guachaca, Quebrada Valencia-La Piedra, northern Colombia ( Muñoz-Gamba et al. 2021).

Material examined. Fifteen specimens (8♂ LePeG, 1♂ PeG, 2♀ LePeG, 4LeP). HOLOTYPE male (no. 5538), with associated LePe and dissected genitalia on microscope slide, selected by P.S. Ribeiro, M.A. Motta & R. Lourenço-de- Oliveira, 2020, deposited in the Coleção de Culicidae, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (CCU- LI): BRAZIL, Amapá State, Oiapoque municipality, Clevelândia do Norte, edge of the Serrapini Igarapé, close to the Oiapoque River (3º 48′ 22″ N, 51º 52′ 01″ W), 10 July 2018, reared from a larva collected in flower bracts of a Heliconia species. PARATYPES: 4♂ LePeG (nos. 5539 – 5542); 2♀ LePeG (nos. 5543, 5544), same data as holotype except edge of Clevelândia Road , 13 July 2018 . Additional specimens: 2LeP, same data as paratypes ; 1♂ LePeG, 2LeP, s ame data except 12 July 2018; 1♂ PeG, same data except Buraco do Batalha , near Serrapini Igarapé, 10 July 2018 ; 1♂ LePeG, same data except Pertinho do Céu District , 19 July 2019, M.B. Silva coll., P.S. Ribeiro det. ; 1♂ LePeG, Oiapoque , July 2018 . All specimens are deposited in the Coleção de Culicidae, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CCULI) .

Wyeomyia ulocoma : 56 specimens (10♂ LePeG, 2♀ LePeG, 14G, 7♂ G, 15G ♂, 8♀). BRAZIL (new country record), Roraima State, Pacaraima, Vila Nova, Quarteirão 60, 31 July 2018, A.C. Nascimento-Pereira coll., P.S. Ribeiro & M.A. Motta det., reared from larvae collected in flower bracts of Heliconia sp. , 10♂ LePeG, 2♀ LePeG, 11♂ ( CCULI). PANAMA, France Field, Canal Zone, 22 October 1921, Dr Ludlow coll., 1♂ mounted on microscope sli- de, deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA ( USNM). Camp Galliard, Canal Zone, 1 January 1925, J.B. Shrospshire coll., 1♂ G mounted on microscope slide (no. 54.I.16. L) ( USNM). TRINIDAD, Arima ( BWI), November 2-5, 1953 -58, J. Lane det., 1♂, 1♂ G no. 10248, deposited in Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil ( FSP / USP). VENEZUELA, Yaracuy, August, 1929 (coll. and det. not known), 1♂ G, deposited in the Coleção de Mosquitos Neotropicais, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Brazil ( CMN); Guamitas, 20 July 1927, M. Nuñez-Tovar coll., 1♂ G ( USNM). Yaracuy Valley, 14 Octo- ber 1927 (coll. and det. not known), 1♂ G ( USNM). Specimens originally identified as Wy. cacodela Dyar & Knab, 1909 : PANAMA, Gorgona, Canal Zone, 7 February 1908, A.H. Jennings coll., (det. not known), reared from larva collected in flower cups of Heliconia , lectotype ♂ (no. 12183), with dissected genitalia, dissected during this study, on microscope slide (no. 12183), designated by A. Stone & K.L. Knight; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, (date not known), A. Busck coll., 1♂ paralectotype (nos. 12183/61.5), genitalia not dissected; unknown locality, A.H. Jennings coll., (date and det. not known), 1♀ paratype (nos. 12183/195.3); Canal Zone, (date not known), A.H. Jennings coll., 1♂ G (no. 282). Specimens originally identified as Wy. onidus Dyar & Knab, 1909 : PANAMA, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 12 March 1908, A.H. Jennings coll., reared from larva collected in flower cups of Heliconia , lectotype ♂ (no. 12054) with dissected genitalia on microscope slide (no. 356), designated by A. Stone & K.L. Knight; 2♀ paratypes (nos. 12054/238 and 12054/283.3), same data as lectotype; Culebra, Canal Zone, 23 August 1913, J. Zetek coll., 1♂ G (no. 1138); 1♂ G (no. 1449), same data except 12 November 1920, (coll. and det. not known); Camp Gaillard, Canal Zone, 28 January 1922, Dr Ludlow coll., 2♂ mounted on microscope slide; Cano Saddle, Canal Zone, 13 May 1923, R.C. Shannon coll., 1♂ G (no. 1901); France Field, Canal Zone, 16 August 1923, Dyar & Shannon coll., 1♂ G (no. 1916); Golden Green, Canal Zone, 29 November 1924, D. Baker coll., 1♂ G (no. 2097); San Pablo, Canal Zone, (date not known), Jennings coll., 1♂ G (no. 1116); Canal Zone, (date not known), A.H. Jennings coll., 2♂ G (nos. 1119 and 1118); Empire, Canal Zone, (coll. and det. not known), 1♂ G (no. 1842/P55); Canal Zone, (coll., det. and date not known), 1♂ G (no. 1872/P11). Specimens originally identified as Wy. pantoia Dyar & Knab, 1909 : PANAMA, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, 12 March 1908, A.H. Jennings coll., (det. not known), reared from larva collected in flower cups of Heliconia , lectotype ♂ (no. 12055) with dissected genitalia on microscope slide (no. 442), designated by A. Stone & K.L. Knight; 5♀ paralectotypes (nos. 228.1, 238 and 294, two without numbers), same data as lectotype; unknown locality, (date not known), A.H. Jennings coll., 2♂ G (nos. 467.4/517 and 518). The type specimens of Wy. cacodela , Wy. onidus and Wy. pantoia are deposited in the USNM.

Molecular analysis. The molecular analysis of 50 Decamyia COI sequences, including the eight newly sequenced specimens of Wy. anthica and four specimens of Wy. ulocoma collected in Roraima, Brazil, yielded 87 variable sites of 658 bp (13.88%). Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction ( Fig. 7 ) based on sequences of Decamyia species revealed four major well-supported monophyletic clades ( PP > 0.85). Wyeomyia rorotai is closely related to Wy. pseudopecten , as previously observed ( Ribeiro et al. 2020), with 36.35 ± 5.17 polymorphic sites when the two species are compared. The eight sequences obtained from Brazilian mosquitoes collected in Oiapoque, Brazil, and morphologically identified as Wy. anthica , clustered together with two sequences from specimens collected in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia morphologically identified as Wy. ulocoma ( Muñoz-Gamba et al. 2021) . Together, these sequences formed a monophyletic clade well-separated from sequences of Wy. ulocoma ( PP 1.0), differing in 29.29 ± 3.60 sites. Genetic K2P pairwise distances revealed a ‘barcoding gap’ between intraspecific and interspecific distances ( Fig. 7 ), confirming Wy. anthica as a valid species. Intraspecific distances ranged from 0.2 ± 0.1% for Wy. anthica sequences (including the two Colombian specimens) to 1.7 ± 0.3% for Wy. pseudopecten sequences. Interspecific distances were from 4.5 ± 0.8%, when Wy. anthica and Wy. ulocoma specimens were compared, to 6.6 ± 1.1% and 6.7 ± 1.0% of divergence between Wy. anthica and Wy. rorotai , and between Wy. anthica and Wy. pseudopecten , respectively ( Table 4).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Wyeomyia (Decamyia) anthica, female genitalia. A, Cerci; B, postgenital lobe; C, tergum IX; D, insula; E, spermatheca capsules; F, sternum VIII; G, tergum VIII.

FIGURE 2. Wyeomyia (Decamyia) anthica, male genitalia. A, Gonocoxite, columnar process of basal piece of phallosome fused to gonocoxite and gonostylus with lobes A, C, E and M; B, aedeagus, parameres and basal pieces; C, proctiger; D, tergum IX; E, sternum IX; F, tergum VIII; G, sternum VIII.

FIGURE 3. Wyeomyia (Decamyia) anthica, male genitalia. A, Gonostylus with lobes A, E and M in focus; B, gonostylus with lobe C in focus; C,D, columnar process of aedeagus.

FIGURE 4. Wyeomyia (Decamyia) anthica, pupa (male). A, Cephalothorax; B, metanotum and abdomen. CT, cephalothorax; GL, genital lobe; Mtn, metanotum; Pa, paddle; T, trumpet; I–VIII, abdominal segments; 1–14, setal numbers.

FIGURE 5. Wyeomyia (Decamyia) anthica, fourth-instar larva. A, Antenna; C, cranium; P, prothorax; M, mesothorax; T, metathorax; S, siphon; I–VIII,X, abdominal segments; 1–15, setal numbers.

FIGURE 6. Comb scales of segment VIII of fourth-instar larva. A,B, Wyeomyia anthica; C,D, Wy. ulocoma.

FIGURE 7. Molecular taxonomy and differentiation based on 658-bp COI fragments of 53 sequences that represent seven Wyeomyia species, including Wy. anthica. A, Density plot based on the frequency of pairwise distances calculated with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model. Higher slopes mean higher frequencies of K2P comparisons for a certain K2P value. The ‘Barcoding gap’ between intraspecific (left) and interspecific distances (right) is indicated with dashed red lines and the red arrow points to the divergence found for comparisons among sequences of Wy. anthica and Wy. ulocoma. B, Bayesian maximum-clade credibility tree. Only posterior probabilities> 0.85 are shown on the nodes. Geographical locations of the sequences of the species of the subgenus Decamyia are labelled as follows: BR, Brazil: AP, Amapá State, RR, Roraima State; CO, Colombia; EC, Ecuador; FG, French Guiana.