Bonesioides purpureipennis Laboissière, 1925: 60

Freund, W. & Wagner, TH., 2003, Revision of Bonesioides Laboissière, 1925 (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) from continental Africa, Journal of Natural History 37 (16), pp. 1915-1976 : 1966-1971

Bonesioides purpureipennis Laboissière, 1925: 60

Bonesioides speciosa Laboissière, 1937: 169 ; syn. nov.

Redescription

Total length. 8.5–9.3 mm (mean: 8.94 mm).

Head. Frons, vertex, labrum, labial and maxillary palpus brown. Antenna extending towards end of metasternum (figure 93), antennal articles short, dark brown to black, first three articles reddish brown. A2/A3: 0.58–0.71 (mean: 0.64), antennal article 4 not longer than articles 2 and 3 combined (figure 94), A3/A4: 0.68–0.76 (mean: 0.72). Eyes large, with broad vertex (figure 93), WE/DE: 0.58–0.71 (mean: 0.63).

Thorax. Thorax including pronotum and scutellum reddish brown; elytra metallic purple, in immature specimens brown with a touch of metallic purple. Type material of B. purpureipennis are immature specimens, while mature, well-sclerotized specimens are described as B. speciosa . External and also genitalic characters clearly show the synonymy. PL: 1.5–1.8 mm (mean: 1.64 mm), PW: 2.8–3.0 mm (mean: 2.85 mm), PL/PW: 0.55–0.59 (mean: 0.57). EL: 6.5–7.1 mm (mean: 6.80 mm), EW: 4.0– 4.2 mm (mean: 4.10 mm), EW/EL: 0.56–0.63 (mean: 0.60). Legs reddish brown, lobes of the third tarsal article dark brown, TA/TI: 0.42–0.47 (mean: 0.45).

Abdomen. Reddish brown.

Male genitalia. Median lobe broad, strongly narrowed from apical third towards the apex (figure 95). Orifice very broad at base, with a depression on the lower edge, tectum broad and short. Endophallus very broad with two long, left-curved spiculae, which are broad at base (figure 95A). Small endophallic brush and apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius very slightly protruding.

Female genitalia. Female unknown.

Distribution. Only few specimens known from Guinea-Bissau and Senegal (figure 16).

Diagnosis. Bonesioides purpureipennis is most similar in size to B. coerulea , B. caerulea and B. dimidiata (figures 7, 12, 26), but can be unmistakeably identified by the different coloration of pronotum, which is metallic blue in B. coerulea and B. caerulea , while it is reddish brown in B. purpureipennis . Furthermore, it has entirely metallic purple elytra, while elytra in B. dimidiata are partly reddish brown.

Type material

H: W ‘ Bonesioides purpureipennis m., V. Laboissière — Det. / Cote de Guinie F. / Type / Le Moult vend., via Reinbek, Eing. Nr. 1, 1957’ ( ZMUH), Senegal; examined. L : W ‘ Bonesioides speciosa m., V. Laboissière - Det. / Guinea Portoghese, Bolama , VI.-XII.1899, L. Fea / Type / Le Moult vend., via Reinbek, Eing. Nr. 1, 1957, Mus. Ci. Genova’ ( ZMUH), Guinea-Bissau, 11.35N / 15.35W; examined. P  : 1 W, same data as lectotype ( ZMUH); 1 X, same data as lectotype ( MCSNG) .

Other material examined 1 ex., ‘ Ootheca violaceipennis , Guinee’, coll. Duvivier ( IRSNB) .

Key to species

1 Head and prothorax entirely metallic blue, green, purple or black..... 4 – Head and prothorax not metallic, reddish brown.......... 2

2 Elytra in mature specimens entirely metallic green, blue or purple. Thorax, abdomen,

tibiae and tarsi reddish brown. Total length (TL): 5.8–9.3 mm ...... 3

– Basal half of the elytra reddish brown and metallic black on the apical half. Tibia and tarsus black. TL: 7.8–8.3 mm. Median lobe broad with two very strong endophallic spiculae (figure 15). Recorded from Sierra Leone and Gabon....................... B. dimidiata Laboissière, 1937

3 Elytra entirely metallic green. Smaller, TL: 5.8–6.1 mm; eyes very large, maximal width of eye to minimal distance of eyes (WE/DE): 0.97–1.00. Median lobe slender with two very small endophallic spiculae (figure 89). Recorded from Nigeria and Ivory Coast................ B. rubricollis sp. nov. – Elytra in well-sclerotized, mature specimens entirely metallic blue or purple. Larger,

TL: 8.5–9.3 mm; vertex broader, WE/DE: 0.58–0.71. Median lobe very broad, with two very strong endophallic spiculae (figure 95). Recorded from Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast............ B. purpureipennis Laboissière, 1925

4 Elytra, rarely also antenna and legs pale brown; head and pronotum metallic black.

TL: 6.4–8.5 mm; eyes large, WE/DE: 0.69–0.92 (figure 21). Median lobe slender with

two small endophallic spiculae (figure 24). Distributed in rainforests from Cameroon,

Gabon to the eastern Congo Basin...... B. barombiensis (Jacoby, 1903) – Elytra entirely metallic blue, green, purple or black......... 5

5 Total length> 6.3 mm (with exception of single individuals)....... 6 – Total length usually <5.8 mm (with exception of single individuals; specimens between

5.8 and 6.3 mm length: check of median lobe is necessary)....... 9

6 Eyes very large, WE/ED>0.70; antennal articles long, length of third antennal article

to length of fourth article (A3/A4) <0.60............ 7 – Eyes small, WE/ED <0.60; antennal articles short, A3/A4>0.60..... 8

7 Smaller, TL: 5.7–7.0 mm; shining metallic green or blue; eyes very large, WE/ED:

0.72–0.97 (figure 62); Antenna long, A3/A4: 0.44–0.56 (figure 63). Median lobe very

slender with two small endophallic spiculae (figure 65). Distributed from Cameroon through the Congo Basin to Tanzania........ B. jacobyi sp. nov.

– Larger, TL: 8.0– 9.3 mm; metallic blue; eyes very large, WE/DE: 0.82–1.06 (figure 7); antenna long, A3/A4: 0.48–0.61 (figure 8). Median lobe slender with two large endophallic spiculae (figure 10). Restricted to Nigeria, Cameroon and Equatorial-Guinea.................. B. coerulea (Allard, 1889)

8 Smaller, TL: 6.8–7.9 mm; metallic blue; elytra expanded apically (figure 26); eyes small, WE/ED: 0.47–0.60 (figure 26); antennal articles short, A3/A4: 0.57–0.83 (figure 27). Median lobe broad and base of endophallus large with two large endophallic spiculae (figure 29). Distributed from Cameroon through the Congo Basin to Uganda............... B. caerulea (Jacoby, 1903)

– Larger, TL: 8.9–9.5 mm, metallic black or blue; elytra parallel-sided from humeri apically (figure 58); eyes small, WE/DE: 0.44–0.51. Orifice of median lobe very broad, endophallus slender with two small spiculae (figure 61). Recorded from Congo and Ghana................. B. godzilla sp. nov.

9 Total length <4.7 mm (with exception of single individuals)....... 10 – Total length usually between 4.7 and 6.0 mm........... 14

10 Occurs in Central, eastern or southern Africa........... 11

– Occurs only in Gambia. TL: 4.0– 4.4 mm; metallic blue; antenna short, A3/A4: 0.53–0.62 (figure 55); eyes large, WE/DE: 0.66–0.70 (figure 54). Median lobe slender,

homogeneously narrowed apically, base of endophallus strongly hooked with two long, partly protruding spiculae (figure 57)....... B. gambiae sp. nov.

11 Occurs in Central or South Africa, if East Africa than metallic blue and longer

than 4.2 mm ..................... 12

– Restricted to Kenya. Very small, metallic green; TL: 3.6–4.1 mm; elytra expanded apically (figure 83); antennal article 4 longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.50–0.53 (figure 84). Median lobe parallel-sided from orifice towards tectum, apical

third strongly narrowed, also nearly parallel-sided with two large endophallic spiculae (figure 86)................ B. pusilla sp. nov.

12 Distributed in Central Africa or Central and East Africa; rarely southwards to northern Zimbabwe (few individuals of B. laboissierei nom. nov.; check median lobe)........................ 13

– Distributed in Angola, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa. TL: 3.9–5.3 mm; metallic blue; very convex in lateral view; elytra expanded apically (figure 17); antennal articles short (figure 18), A3/A4: 0.69–0.80. Median lobe broad,

nearly parallel-sided in the basal two-thirds, slightly narrowed apically (figure 20). Endophallus broad with two broad-based, left-curved spiculae B. kirschi (Jacoby, 1899)

13 Occurs only in Central Congo. TL: 4.2–4.6 mm; elytra expanded apically (figure 90); antennal articles short (figure 91), A3/A4: 0.60–0.67; eyes large (figure 90), WE/DE: 0.67–0.70; metatibia not twice as long as the basi-metatarsus, length of metatarsus to length of metatibia (TA/TI): 0.48–0.49 (figure 90). Median lobe slightly expanded medially, strongly narrowed from tectum apically (figure 92). Endophallus broad, with three endophallic spiculae. Apical part of the sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius very long and extremely protruding, extending towards apex of median lobe; endophallic brush absent............ B. trispiculata sp. nov. – Occurs in eastern Congo towards Kenya and northern Zimbabwe. TL: 3.7–4.9 mm; elytra slightly expanded apically (figure 34); antennal articles short (figure 35), A3/A4: 0.53–0.77; eyes large (figure 34), WE/DE: 0.55–0.71; metatibia nearly twice as long as the basi-metatarsus or longer, TA/TI: 0.49–0.53 (figure 34). Median lobe slender, homogeneously expanded apically (figure 37). Endophallus slender with long base bearing two long spiculae; endophallic brush extremely protruding........................ B. laboissierei nom. nov.

14 Occurs predominantly in montane regions of Ethiopia, Kenya or Tanzania... 15 – Occurs in Central and West Africa, not known from Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania 16

15 Antennal articles long and slender (figure 76), A3/A4: 0.52–0.60; eyes large, WE/DE: 0.60–0.75. Only known from Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. Total length: 4.4–5.6 mm; metallic blue or green; elytra nearly parallel-sided from humeri towards apex. Median lobe very slender and elongated (figure 78); parallel-sided from the orifice towards tectum; also parallel-sided from tectum apically, but much more slender; endophallus slender with two right-curved spiculae.. B. montana sp. nov.

– Antennal articles short and broad (figure 45), A3/A4: 0.69–0.85; eyes small (figure 44), WE/DE: 0.43–0.65. Only known from southern Kenya. Total length: 4.6–5.9 mm; metallic blue; elytra expanded apically (figure 44). Median lobe short and broad, nearly parallel-sided, only narrowed in apical quarter (figure 47); endophallus broad with two long, left-curved spiculae....... B. jacksoni (Bryant, 1953)

16 Restricted to the Albertine Rift, A2/A3: usually <0.70; metallic green or purple. 17 – Occurs from Cameroon towards the Congo Basin, if Albertine Rift, A2/A3>0.70

and WE/DE>0.65; metallic blue.............. 19

17 Antennal articles short (figures 50, 80), A3/A4: 0.60–0.77; metallic golden green, or

very dull green or purple................ 18

– Antenna very long (figure 30), antennal articles slender and elongated (figure 31), A3/A4: 0.45–0.69; elytra strongly expanded apically (figure 30), EW/EL: 0.54–0.73; metallic green or purple; TL: 4.4–6.1 mm. Median lobe continuously narrowed apically (figure 33) with two large, left-curved spiculae with large base........................ B. virens (Weise, 1913)

18 Shining metallic golden green. Elytra expanded apically (figure 79), EW/EL: 0.57–0.66; TL: 4.8–5.5 mm. Median lobe very slender, homogeneously narrowed apically (figure 82) with two long, left-curved spiculae..... B. nitida sp. nov. – Dull green or purple; elytra only slightly expanded apically (figure 49), EW/EL: 0.53–0.58; TL: 4.8–5.2 mm. Median lobe broad, parallel-sided from orifice towards the tectum, then homogeneously narrowed apically (figure 52). Base of endophallus in lateral view strongly hooked with two small, curved spiculae. Apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius very long, extending towards apical quarter of median lobe............... B. budongoensis sp. nov.

19 Occurs from the Congo Basin towards the Albertine rift, if Cameroon, eyes very large, WE/ED>0.65 and A3/A4: <0.70; bright metallic blue...... 20

– Restricted to Cameroon. Eyes small (figure 67), WE/ED: 0.54–0.65. A2/A3: 0.46–0.54, antennal articles 3 and 4 nearly of same length, A3/A4: 0.77–0.87

(figure 68); dull metallic blue; TL: 4.8–5.8 mm. Median lobe slender, homogeneously narrowed apically; margins of the apical half very broad bearing two long endophallic spiculae.............. B. kamerunensis sp. nov.

20 Occurs from Cameroon through the Congo Basin towards the Albertine Rift. Eyes large (figure 39), WE/DE: 0.65–0.83; antennal articles 2 and 3 very short, nearly of same length (figure 40), A2/A3: 0.64–1.00; antennal article 4 longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.33–0.67; TL: 4.3–6.0 mm. Median lobe slender, homogeneously narrowed apically; margins in the apical half narrow (figure 42) with two long endophallic spiculae.......... B. laevicollis (Laboissière, 1940)

– Occurs from the Congo Basin towards the Albertine Rift. Eyes large (figure 71), WE/DE: 0.67–0.90. Antennal article 3 much longer than article 2 (figure 72), A2/A3: 0.55–0.60, antennal article 4 not longer than articles 2 and 3 combined, A3/A4: 0.63–0.70; metallic blue; TL: 4.2–6.0 mm. Median lobe broad, parallel-sided from orifice towards the tectum, then homogeneously narrowed apically (figure 52); base of endophallus in lateral view strongly hooked, bearing two small, curved spiculae; apical part of sclerotized ductus ejaculatorius is very long, extending towards apical quarter of the median lobe........... B. marcoi sp. nov.