Manota grootaerti, Kurina, Olavi & Hippa, Heikki, 2014

Kurina, Olavi & Hippa, Heikki, 2014, The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in the Congo basin with description of five new species, Zootaxa 3827 (2), pp. 214-230 : 216-222

Manota grootaerti sp. n.

Figs 1 (location C), 2 A–D

Male. Colour. Head brown, face somewhat paler. Antenna light brown, scape and pedicel paler. Clypeus yellow, mouthparts pale yellowish. Thorax yellow, medial part of scutum and scutellum somewhat darker. Legs yellowish, apical fourth of hind femur infuscated. Wing slightly infuscated; haltere yellow with dark brown knob. Abdomen with tergites dark brown, sternites yellow, dark brown basally and apically. All setosity pale, yellowish or brownish, the thicker setae seeming darker than the finer ones. Head. Antennal flagellomere 4 as in Fig. 2 A. Palpomere 3 of maxillary palpus with apicomedial thumb-like extension, with 4 apically curved sensilla; palpomere 4 with parasegment; palpomere 5 ca. 1.4 times longer than palpomere 4. Nine strong postocular setae. Thorax. Anepisternum with 35 setae; anterior basalare non-setose; preepisternum 2 non-setose; laterotergite nonsetose; metepisternum with 14 setae. Legs. Mid- and hind tibial organs absent. Wing. R1 meeting C within the basal half of the costa; the sclerotized part of M2 not extending to the level of the tip of R1; wing length 1.6 mm. Hypopygium, Figs 2 B, C, D: Sternite 9 half the length of gonocoxite, lateral margin sharply delimited, posterior margin transverse, anterior margin deeply incised, the setae similar to the ventral setae of gonocoxite. Ventromedial margin of gonocoxite simple, convex; the ventral setosity of gonocoxite unmodified. Parastylar lobe subtriangular, with 2 setae on the anterior half. Paraapodemal lobe distinct, in Fig. 2 C obscured by the medial margin of gonocoxite. Dorsal medial margin of gonocoxite simple, convex, forming a rounded posteromedial angle with the posterior margin, the posterolateral part simple; at the posteromedial angle, on the ventral side, there is a conspicuous aggregation of small setae. At the posterior margin of gonocoxite, on a more ventral level, there is a long finger-like lobe bearing two apical setae. The dorsal setosity of gonocoxite generally similar to the ventral, but the posteriormost setae very long. Two juxtagonostylar setae present, both rather unmodified megasetae arising from a common sigmoid basal body, which is as long as the megasetae. Gonostylus about half the length of gonocoxite, clavate in outline, with a heel-like basomedial angle and a narrow subapical medial lobe bearing two strong setae at the apex; the ventral setae of gonostylus similar to those on gonocoxite, the apical setae long, the dorsal side of gonostylus non-setose. Aedeagus subtriangular, with distinct lateral shoulders, the apex curved ventrad. Hypoproct extending posteriorly just over the base of the gonostylus, the ventral setae (sternite 10) forming a medial group of ca. 10 setae on each half. Cerci medially separate, simple, the setae confined to the apical and apicomedial margin, the longest ones as long as the subapical width of cercus.

Female unknown.

Discussion. Following the key by Hippa & Kurina (2012), this species runs to couplet 26, as both the laterotergite and preepisternum 2 are non-setose. The structure of the male hypopygium is, however, different from that of the two species included in this couplet, viz. M. natalensis Jaschhof & Mostovski, 2006 and M. furcata Søli, 1993 . The two juxtagonostylar megasetae of M. grootaerti sp. n. are rather unmodified, arising from a common sigmoid basal body, while M. natalensis and M. furcata have one of them either bowl-like, or forked, respectively (cf. Hippa 2008: figs 11A–C, Søli 1993: fig. 5 B). Manota grootaerti sp. n. has the gonostylus with a heel-like basomedial angle, and a narrow subapical medial lobe bearing two strong setae at the apex, while the other two species have a rather unmodified but clavate gonostylus. The parastylar lobe is subtriangular in M. grootaerti sp. n. (subquadrate and large in M. natalensis , undescribed for M. furcata ). The third palpomere of M. natalensis lacks curved apical sensilla, while M. grootaerti sp. n. has four sensilla (unknown for M. furcata ).

Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Patrick Grootaert (IRSNB), collector of the type material.

Types. Holotype. Male, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Yangambi NP, 0°49'31" N 24°31'54" E, sample No 32032, sweeping, 12.vi.2012, leg. P. Grootaert (on slide, IRSNB).

Manota peltata sp. n.

Figs 1 (location C), 3 A–E

Male. Colour. Head brown, face somewhat paler. Antenna including scape and pedicel light brown, two apical flagellomeres paler. Clypeus and mouthparts pale yellowish. Thorax yellow, medial part of scutum and scutellum somewhat darker. Legs yellowish, apical fourth of hind femur infuscated. Wing hyaline; haltere yellow with dark brown knob. Abdomen dark brown, except tergites laterally and sternites yellow. All setosity pale, yellowish or brownish, the thicker setae seeming darker than the finer ones. Head. Antennal flagellomere 4 Fig. 3 A. Palpomere 3 of maxillary palpus with apicomedial thumb-like extension, with 5 apically curved sensilla; palpomere 4 with parasegment; palpomere 5 ca. 1.6 times longer than palpomere 4. Nine strong postocular setae. Thorax. Anepisternum with 29 setae; anterior basalare with 4 setae; preepisternum 2 non-setose; laterotergite with 12 setae; metepisternum with 19 setae. Legs. Mid- and hind tibial organs absent. Wing. R1 meeting C within the basal half of the costa; the sclerotized part of M2 extending to the level of the tip of R1; wing length 1.7 mm. Hypopygium, Figs 3 B–E: Sternite 9 large, posteriorly extending to the middle of gonostylus, anterolaterally fused with gonocoxite, the posterior free part semielliptical, anterior margin with a small medial incision, the setae similar to ventral setae of gonocoxite. Parastylar lobe rather weakly sclerotized, anteriorly not clearly separated from gonocoxite, subtriangular, with 1 seta at apex and with rather conspicuous microtrichia (not drawn in Fig. 3 C). Paraapodemal lobe not identifiable. The ventral setosity of gonocoxite unmodified. Dorsomedial margin of gonocoxite indistinct, with membranous parts, which are difficult to observe; dorsal posterior part of gonocoxite forming an oblique lobe, bearing rows and groups of nonflattened setae. At the dorsal medial margin of gonocoxite, on more ventral level with 2 megasetae arising from large basal bodies. One juxtagonostylar seta present: a strong conical megaseta arising from a slender basal body, which is as long as the seta. Otherwise the dorsal setosity of gonocoxite unmodified, similar to the ventral one. Gonostylus ca. two thirds of the ventral length of gonocoxite, apically bilobed, without prominent strong setae, with unmodified setae ventrally and largely non-setose dorsally. Aedeagus elongate subtriangular, without distinct lateral shoulders, the apex curved ventrad. Hypoproct large, posteriorly extending to the middle of gonostylus, the ventral setae (sternite 10) mostly placed antero-laterally, ca. 30 on each half. Cerci medially separate, the setae distributed almost to the base of cercus.

Female unknown.

Discussion. Following the key by Hippa & Kurina (2012), this species runs to couplet 21 because of the 1) setose laterotergite, 2) setose anterior basalare, 3) ventral setae on the hypoproct scattered over the whole ventral surface, 4) preepisternum 2 non-setose, and 5) the dorsomedial margin of gonocoxite without flattened megasetae posteriorly, but with 2 unmodified posteriorly directed megasetae at more ventral level. Compared to the two species included in this couplet— M. clinochaeta Hippa, 2008 and M. phyllochaeta Hippa, 2008 — M. peltata sp. n. has the parastylar lobe anteriorly fused with the gonocoxite, while it is conspicuously separate in the other two species. Furthermore, the gonostylus of M. peltata sp. n. is apically bilobed, but without deviating setae, similar to that of M. clinochaeta , while it is apically tapering with a basal widening in M. phyllochaeta . In addition to the previously named two species, M. peltata sp. n. is also similar to M. teocchii Matile, 1972 , in having two megasetae at the dorsomedial margin of the gonocoxite, but see discussion by Hippa (2008: p. 3). The sternite 9—anterolaterally fused with gonocoxite but posteriorly well delimited and extended – groups this new species with three more Afrotropical species, viz. M. foliolata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 , M. pinnulata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 and M. peltigera sp. n.

Etymology. The name is Latin, peltata , meaning “with a little shield”, referring to the shield-like posterior part of sternite 9.

Types. Holotype. Male, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, Yangambi NP, mono Gilbertio Gil 4, sample No 33012, sweeping, 27.v.2013, leg. P. Grootaert (on slide, IRSNB).

Manota peltigera sp. n.

Figs 1 (locations A, C), 4 A–I

Male. Colour. Head brown, face paler. Antenna light brown, two apical flagellomeres paler. Clypeus yellow, mouthparts pale yellowish. Thorax yellow, medial part of scutum and scutellum brownish. Legs yellowish, basal fourth and ventral side of apical fifth of midfemur, apical fourth of hind femur, and mid- and hind trochanter infuscated. Wing slightly infuscated; haltere yellow with dark brown knob. First two abdominal segments dark brown, succeeding segments with tergites dorsally dark brown, laterally yellow and sternites yellow with apical brown bands. All setosity pale, yellowish or brownish, the thicker setae seeming darker than the finer ones. Head. Antennal flagellomere 4 Fig. 4 A. Palpomere 3 of maxillary palpus with apicomedial thumb-like extension, with 4 apically curved sensilla; palpomere 4 with parasegment; palpomere 5 ca. 1.6 times longer than palpomere 4. Number of strong postocular setae 9. Thorax. Anepisternum with 30–38 setae; anterior basalare with 7–8 setae; preepisternum 2 non-setose; laterotergite with 20–24 setae; metepisternum with 15–16 setae. Legs. Mid- and hind tibial organs absent. Wing. R1 meeting C within the basal half of the costa; the sclerotized part of M2 extending to the level of the tip of R1; wing length 2.0 mm. Hypopygium, Figs 4 B—I: Sternite 9 longer than the ventral length of gonocoxite, posteriorly extending to the middle of gonostylus, laterally fused with gonocoxite except for the posterior third, posterior margin convex, anterior margin without a medial incision, the setae similar to ventral setae of gonocoxite. The ventral setosity of gonocoxite unmodified. Parastylar lobe submembranous, subtriangular, anteriorly fused with gonocoxite, with 1 seta at apex. Paraapodemal lobe not identifiable. Dorsal medial margin of gonocoxite simple, mostly membranous and with membranous lobes the exact character of which is difficultly discernible; the postero-lateral part forming a curved lobe with a few setae and a row of 5–7 flame-shaped flat megasetae at the medial margin. Otherwise the dorsal setosity of gonocoxite unmodified, similar to the ventral one. At the dorsal medial margin of gonocoxite, there are 3 megasetae arising from separate submembranous basal bodies, two close to each other in a more dorsal level, one in a more ventral level, the great vertical distance of the latter from the two others results in the mutual position of the megasetae appearing greatly variable depending on the angle of view ( Figs 4 B, F and G). One juxtagonostylar seta present, this is a flattened apically bifurcate megaseta arising from a curved basal body, which is much longer than the megaseta. Gonostylus slightly less than half of the ventral length of gonocoxite, subtriangular, widening from base to apex, with a short postero-lateral lobe, the ventral side setose with one seta conspicuously longer than the others, dorsal side almost non-setose, the posteromedial marginal area on the dorsal side with three, the apical margin with two and the apex of the apicolateral lobe with two stronger setae deviating from the other setosity. Aedeagus elongate subtriangular with concave sides, without lateral shoulders, the apex curved ventrad. Hypoproct large, posteriorly extending beyond the apex of gonostylus, the ventral setae scattered, indistinctly divided into a more anterior and more posterior groups, totally ca. 50 on each half. Cerci medially separate, the setae distributed through the whole length of cercus, the longest setae about four times longer than the subapical width of cercus.

Female unknown.

Discussion. Manota peltigera sp. n. is very similar to M. pinnulata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 , which it also runs to in the Afrotropical key ( Hippa & Kurina 2012). However, it differs in details of the male hypopygium as follows: 1) the juxtagonostylar megaseta is apically bifurcate with pointed apices, while it is apically flattened and expanded in M. pinnulata , 2) megasetae on the crescent-shaped lobe at dorsal margin of gonocoxite are equally sized and rather unmodified with pointed apices, while they are flat, scale-like and distally gradually enlarging in M. pinnulata , 3) the two more dorsal megasetae at the dorsomedial margin of gonocoxite arising from separate short basal bodies, while they arise from a common basal body, which is as long as the megasetae in M. pinnulata , 4) the ventral single megaseta at the dorsal medial margin of gonocoxite arising from a basal body which is as long as the megaseta, while the basal body is twice as long as the megaseta in M. pinnulata , 5) gonostylus with a postero-lateral lobe (absent in M. pinnulata ), and 6) the posterior convex part of sternite 9 is clearly protruding more than that of M. pinnulata . The shape of sternite 9 groups M. peltigera sp. n. with M. foliolata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 and M. peltata sp. n. from which it differs in having 6 flattened megasetae at the dorsomedial margin of the gonocoxite (3 in M. foliolata or absent in M. peltata sp. n.).

Etymology. The name is Latin, peltigera , meaning “bearing a little shield”, referring to the shield-like posterior part of sternite 9.

Types. Holotype. Male, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO ( Congo Belge), P.N.G./Miss. H.De Saeger/ II/hc/8, 12 -XII-1951/Rec. H.De Saeger. 2902 (on slide, RMCA).

Paratype. DRC, Yangambi NP, primaeval mixed forest, sample No 33015, sweeping, 27.v.2013, leg. P. Grootaert (1♂ on slide, IRSNB).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Number of Manota species known to occur in countries of the Afrotropics, with number of endemic species noted in parentheses. Collecting localities in DRC: A Garamba National Park (P. N. G. on labels), B Kona on Itimbiri river, C Yangambi National Park, D Albert National Park (P. N. A. on labels), E Upemba National Park (P. N. U. on labels).

FIGURE 2. Manota grootaerti sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Hypopygium, dorsal. C. Hypopygium, ventral. D. Aedeagus and hypoproct, ventral. Scale 0.1 mm. aed = aedeagus, aed a = aedeagal apodeme, cr = cercus, gs = gonostylus, gx = gonocoxite, gx a = gonocoxal apodemes, gx d = dorsomedial margin of gonocoxite, gx p = dorsal posterior margin of gonocoxite, gx v = ventromedial margin of gonocoxite, hpr = hypoproct, jx m = juxtagonostylar megasetae, pa l = paraapodemal lobe, ps l = parastylar lobe, s l = setigerous lobe on posterodorsal margin of gonocoxite, st 9 = sternite 9, tg 9 = tergite 9.

FIGURE 3. Manota peltata sp. n. (holotype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Hypopygium, dorsal. C. Hypopygium, ventral. D. Gonostylus, dorsal. E. Aedeagus and hypoproct, ventral. Scale 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Manota peltigera sp. n. (A, B, C, D, E, H, I holotype, F, G paratype). A. Antennal flagellomere 4, lateral. B. Hypopygium, dorsal. C. Hypopygium, ventral. D. Gonostylus, dorsal. E. Aedeagus and hypoproct, ventral. F, G, H and I. Posterolateral part of gonocoxite, dorsal. Sale 0.1 mm.