Trupanea dimorphica Norrbom & Neder

Norrbom, Allen L. & Neder, Lilia Estela, 2014, New neotropical species of Trupanea (Diptera: Tephritidae) with unusual wing patterns, Zootaxa 3821 (4), pp. 443-456 : 444-451

Trupanea dimorphica Norrbom & Neder , new species

Figs. 2–3 , 7–8 , 15 , 19–21 , 25–26

Diagnosis. The male of this species is easily distinguished from all other species of Trupanea by its highly reduced wing pattern. Trupanea diluta (Enderlein) , which also has a highly reduced pattern, has a different pattern that is reduced in both sexes. It also lacks the 3 brown vittae on the scutum. Females differ from those of other species of Trupanea by the following combination of characters: scutum with 3 brown vittae; wing with broad brown band from pterostigma towards r-m; vein Cu1 with broad brown band from crossvein bm-cu to level of r-m where it turns anteriorly; and subapical stellate mark with ray to apex of vein M, but without ray to apex of vein R4+5. Species with somewhat similar wing patterns include the Neotropical species T. basistriga Malloch and T. chariessa Hendel , which differ in having both of the apical rays, and T. vidua Hering , which lacks both rays.

Description. Small, body length 3.5–5.5 mm. Wing length 3.7–3.9 mm in male, 4.5–4.6 mm in female.

Head ( Figs. 7–8 ): Yellow to orange except ocellar tubercle and most of occiput bluish gray; entirely microtrichose. Frons nonsetulose medially; lateral margins grayish; medially broadly orange or to varying extent with narrow grayish medial vitta dividing submedial orange vittae. Frontal setae brown, acuminate, in female with 4–5 setae, moderately long, posterior 2 setae almost cruciate; in male with 5–6 setae, short, longest (posterior) seta less than half width of frons at level of seta; both sexes with 2 reclinate orbital setae, anterior seta brown, acuminate, posterior setae short, white, slightly lanceolate; ocellar seta well developed, larger in female (ca. 0.6 times width of frons at level of anterior ocellus in female, less than half width of frons in male); postocellar, lateral vertical, and postocular setae, and most setulae on postgena white, lanceolate; facial ridge setulae brown acuminate; genal setulae mostly brown, acuminate, or some white, lanceolate posteriorly. Antenna entirely orange in both sexes; arista minutely pubescent. Palpus relatively slender, entirely yellow.

Thorax ( Fig.15 ): Mostly dark brown and densely microtrichose giving bluish gray appearance. Postpronotal lobe and notopleuron sometimes yellow. Scutum with 3 distinct, narrow, dark brown vittae (1 medial, pair on dorsocentral lines). Anepisternum diffusely darker brown posterodorsally. Following setae well developed, brown, acuminate: postpronotal, anterior notopleural, presutural and postsutural supra-alar, intra-alar, postalar, dorsocentral (aligned very close to transverse suture), acrostichal, 1 (basal) scutellar, and 1 anepisternal. Anepimeral and katepisternal setae well developed, acuminate, yellowish or brown. Posterior notopleural seta short, white, lanceolate. Setulae on postpronotal lobe, propleuron, scutum, scutellum laterally, anepisternum, katepisternum, and anepimeron white, lanceolate.

Legs: Entirely yellow. Male fore tibia and tarsus ( Figs. 19–21 ) with most dorsal setulae erect. Male fore basitarsus 2.8 times as long as high (measured on medial side), 1.9 times height of tibia apically; subbasally with 2 posteroventral setae, almost 2 times as long as height of basitarsus, projecting perpendicularly, and with 3–5 anteroventral setae, almost as long as basitarsus, projecting obliquely. Mid femur with anterior row of white setae on basal half, slightly larger and more perpendicular than setulae; in female with 0–2 well developed brownish anteroventral setae slightly distal to midlength; in male with row of well developed brownish anteroventral setae on distal half.

Wing ( Figs. 2–3 ): Crossvein r-m at 0.70–0.74 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu on vein M. Vein R2+3 without setulae dorsally or ventrally. Vein R4+5 bare or at most with 1 setula dorsally on node of Rs. Pattern sexually dimorphic. In female ( Fig. 3 ) predominantly hyaline, with following brown markings: large anteromedial spot in cell c; broad brown band from pterostigma to vein R4+5, narrowly connected to narrow brown mark covering crossvein r-m and subapical brown mark in cell br; broad brown band on vein Cu1 from crossvein bm-cu to level of r-m, turning anteriorly and usually connected to mark on r-m, and with 2 short extensions in to cell cu1, sometimes connected to form hyaline spot; narrow subbasal mark in cell r4+5 narrowly connected along vein M and sometimes along vein R4+5 to mark on r-m; narrow subapical mark across cell dm, extending into cell cu1 about half way to posterior margin, connected along veins M and Cu1 and medially to narrow mark on crossvein dm-cu to form pair of apical hyaline spots in cell dm; medial marginal spot in cell r1, sometimes extending into cell r2+3 and narrowly connected to stellate mark; and modified, subapical stellate mark, with 2 broad anterior rays to apex of cell r1 and middle of margin of cell r2+3, with narrow ray to apex of vein M, and with 2 narrow rays in cell m, centrally with 1 large and sometimes 1 small hyaline spot, without ray to apex of vein r4+5.

In male ( Fig. 2 ) pattern greatly reduced to following brown spots: tiny anterobasal spot in pterostigma and or on costa; small medial marginal spot in cell r1; small spot in apex of cell r1, sometimes extending into cell r2+3; small marginal spot in cell r2+3; small faint spot on vein R2+3 slightly distal to pterostigma, sometimes extending into cell r1; narrow marks bordering crossveins r-m and dm-cu; 2–3 small spots along veins R4+5 or M in cell r4+5; 2 spots in cell m extending from posterior margin slightly beyond midwidth of cell; and 3 small spots anteriorly in distal half of cell cu1.

Abdomen ( Figs. 25 ): Tergites entirely dark brown and densely microtrichose giving bluish gray appearance. Setulae white, slightly lanceolate.

Male terminalia: Epandrium and surstyli ovoid in posterior view; lateral surstylus short, strongly medially curved, blunt apically, in lateral view with well developed dorsal lobe; medial surstylus short, with prensisetae well separated, medial prensiseta 2–3 times as broad as lateral prensiseta. Glans membranous except for projecting, hooklike sclerite near base.

Female terminalia: Oviscape in ventral view 1.7–1.9 mm long, equal to length of thorax; in dorsal view equal to length of tergites 3–6; entirely dark brown, shiny, nonmicrotrichose; setulae white and slightly lanceolate except on apical fifth. Aculeus ( Fig. 26 ) well sclerotized, relatively broad, tapering evenly to triangular apex.

Biology. Adults of T. dimorphica were collected on flowering “pular”, Aphyllocladus spartioides Wedd. ( Asteraceae : Mutisieae ) ( Figs. 31–35 ). The junior author has observed females ovipositing into flowerheads and found larvae in flowerheads of this plant, and it appears to be a host plant of T. dimorphica .

Distribution. T. dimorphica is known only from Jujuy, Argentina. Its distribution may be more extensive as its host plant is also known from Salta, Argentina and Bolivia at elevations between 1900 and 3500 m (TROPICOS database).

Type data. Holotype ♂ ( IML USNMENT 00744745), ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Tilcara, Posta de Hornillos, aspirated from Aphyllocladus spartioides , 14 Apr 2012, L. E. Neder. Paratypes: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Tilcara, Jueya, 23°31'43.5"S 65°23'23.6"W, 2677 m, on flowers of Aphyllocladus spartioides , 14 Apr 2012, L. E. Neder, 3♂ 3♀ ( IML, USNM); same locality, aspirated from Aphyllocladus spartioides , 3 May 2012, L. E. Neder, 5♂ 5♀ ( IML, USNM); Tilcara, Posta de Hornillos, aspirated from Aphyllocladus spartioides , 14 Apr 2012, L. E. Neder, 4♂ 5♀ ( IML, USNM).

Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective referring to the highly sexually dimorphic wing pattern.

Comments. Sexual dimorphism is common within Trupanea , and may involve the form and setation of the fore and/or mid legs, the number and size of the frontal setae, the wing pattern, and even antenna color ( Munro 1964, Foote et al. 1993). In species with sexually dimorphic wings, the male wing pattern typically is more reduced or modified, as in T. imperfecta (Coquillett) , T. radifera (Coquillett) , T. bisetosa (Coquillett) , T. nigricornis (Coquillett) , and T. tristis (Chen) (see Foote et al. 1993, Korneyev & Ovchinnikova 2004).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. 1, Habitus, lateral, female, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00056032). 2 – 6, Wing: 2 – 3, T. dimorphica (Argentina: Jueya, male, USNMENT 00050051; female, USNMENT 00050050); 4, T. fasciata (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, male, USNMENT 00744480); 5, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 6, T. trivittata (Argentina: Loro Huasi, male, USNMENT 00654434).

FIGURES 7 – 14. Head: 7, T. dimorphica, male (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050051); 8, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 9 – 10, T. fasciata, male (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 11 – 12, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00055986, USNMENT 00056032); 13 – 14, T. trivittata, male (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434).

FIGURES 15 – 18. Thorax, dorsal: 15, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 16, T. fasciata, male (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 17, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00055986); 18, T. trivittata, male (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434).

FIGURES 19 – 24. Male fore leg: 19 – 21, T. dimorphica, right leg, posterior, dorsal and anterior (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050051); 22, T. fasciata, left leg, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 23 – 24, T. trivittata, left leg, posterior and dorsal (apical 2 tarsomeres missing) (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434).

FIGURES 25 – 30. Abdomen and terminalia: 25 – 26, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 27 – 28, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 29, T. fasciata, male, epandrium and surstyli, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 30, same, glans, lateral.

FIGURES 31 – 35. Aphyllocladus spartioides, probable host plant of Trupanea dimorphica: 31, single plant; 32 – 34, flowerheads in bloom; 35, mature flowerhead.