Copestylum macrocephalum (Giglio-Tos, 1892)

Rotheray, Graham E., Marcos-García, Maria-Angeles, Hancock, Geoff, Pérez-Bañón, Celeste & Maier, Chris T., 2009, Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (4), pp. 697-749 : 719

COPESTYLUM MACROCEPHALUM (GIGLO- TOS, 1892)

Larva and puparium: Anterior fold with a narrow band of spicules. Metathorax with two linear groups of distinct spicules on the anteroventral margin and some spicules on the lateral margins. Dorsal vestiture comprising shorter setae in the middle of transverse bands and with anterodorsal groups of large, broad setae on the mesothorax and metathorax. Abdominal segments 1–3 with three rows of crochets, third row inconspicuous and not as developed as on abdominal segments 4–6. Posterior breathing tube red-brown at base, dark brown at apex, below TR tube nodulate, above shiny. AP about half as high to spiky rim as wide at TR ( Figs 68, 70 ). Pupal spiracles wide apart, about 2.5¥ as far apart as a pupal spiracle is long and curved in upper third. Openings coating upper half of one side, those at the apex without a lateral projection.

Taxonomic notes: Most similar to C. latum from which it differs in the narrower, longer posterior breathing tube which above the TR to the spiky rim is about half as long as TR is wide.

Material examined: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, four puparia MEXICO, Oaxaca, Santiago Dominguillo 14.vii.1999 E. G. H., M. A. M., G. E. R. ex Ferocactus latispinus var. spiralis (Haw) Britton and Rose (NMS) ; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, six puparia MEXICO, Oaxaca, Valerio Trujano 14.vii.1999 E. G. H., M. A. M., G. E. R. ex Pachycereus hollianus (CIBIO) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, two puparia MEXICO Tehuacán, Puebla Zapotitlán, Salinas , Jardín Botánico 7.vii.1999 E. G. H., M. A. M., G. E. R. ex decaying fallen M.geometrizans (HM) ; one larva MEXICO Tehuacán, Puebla Zapotitlán, El Salado 8.vii.1999 ex F. latispinus var. spiralis (NMS) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, two puparia MEXICO Tehuacán, Puebla Zapotitlán, Plan de Fierro 10.vii.1999 ex decaying fallen M. geometrizans (CIBIO) ; one puparium , one larva COSTA RICA Alajuela, Arado 6.xii.1999 Y. Cárdenas, no further data ; 8 ♂, 14 ♀, 22 puparia MEXICO, Chiapas, Mazapa de Maderos , 850 m, 22–25.vi.2004 M. A. M. and C. P. B. ( CIBIO) .

Figures

Figures 68–73. Puparia of Copestylum, scanning electron photomicrographs, scales as indicated on images. 68, 70, Copestylum macrocephalum; 68, posterior breathing tube (prp), dorsal view width of TR = 1.3 mm; 70, prp, apical; 71, Copestylum posticum; pupal spiracles, dorsal view length = 0.93 mm; 69, 72–73, Copestylum isabellina; 69, prp, dorsal view width at TR = 1.1 mm, 72, pupal spiracles, ventrolateral view length 0.82 mm; 73, spiracular openings, apical and lateral views.