Copestylum multipunctatum, Rotheray & Marcos-García & Hancock & Pérez-Bañón & Maier, 2009, Rotheray & Marcos-García & Hancock & Pérez-Bañón & Maier, 2009

Rotheray, Graham E., Marcos-García, Maria-Angeles, Hancock, Geoff, Pérez-Bañón, Celeste & Maier, Chris T., 2009, Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (4), pp. 697-749 : 703-704

COPESTYLUM MULTIPUNCTATUM ROTHERAY &

HANCOCK SP. NOV.

Adult: Male holotype: face smoothly tapered from eye margins to mouth (view from in front). Face yellow and yellow haired except for a few black hairs on the tubercle and with a black, mid-dorsal vitta extending from the base of the antennae to the margin of the mouth. Tubercle not well developed and located below mid-point between antennae and mouth. Genae yellow and black and pale haired. Black lateral vittae extending from the lower eye margin to the margin of the mouth ( Fig. 1 ). Antennae yellow with plumose arista, basoflagellomere dorsally not excavated and 2.5¥ as long as broad. Eyes with black hairs reaching lower margin, hairs longer on top of head. Ocellar triangle black with long white hairs, suture same length as ocellar triangle. Ground colour of mesonotum black except for pale yellow lateral margins, a pair of pale yellow transverse stripes running from the transverse suture to the postalar callus and a pair of medial yellow blotches at the posterior margin. Mesonotum with mixed short, pale yellow hairs and longer, darker hairs. Longer hairs about 2¥ as long as shorter hairs. These longer hairs yellow along posterior margin of the mesonotum. Scutellum yellow and black haired centrally, yellow haired at base and at lateral and lower apical margins. Pleurae black with long yellow hairs on anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum. Wing membrane completely microtrichose with medial crossveins brown and with four pale to dark brown, band-like markings equistant, across the anterior half of the wing from basal medial-cubiatal cross vein (bm-cu) to the apex. Legs with coxae, trochanters, femorae, apices of tibiae, and end two tarsomeres black, otherwise legs dark yellow. Legs black haired except yellow haired on two first tarsomeres. Abdominal sternites, 1, 4, and 5 black, sternite 2 and anterior half of sternite 3 yellow. Sternal hairs yellow. Abdominal tergites 2 and 3 black except for one pair each of lateral, yellow spots extending across the length of the tergites but not reaching the side margins and separated medially by about half tergite length. Tergites 2 and 3 yellow haired except black haired medially and on posterior margin. Tergite 4 yellow except for side margins and a Y-shaped, medial, black mark. Tergite 4 yellow haired. Male genitalia: epandrium about half as high as long with a tapering and smoothly rounded lower margin at the articulation point with the hypandrium; surstylus elongate and indented on outer margin; cerci large and conspicuous, slightly longer than wide; superior lobe sharply inclined backwards and apex with a conspicuous, rounded, apical prominence projecting behind the aedeagus; aedeagus rounded apically ( Figs 8, 9 ).

Female: Similar to holotype male except tubercle more black haired and face with black and yellow hairs; posterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of larger yellow spots; width of vertex about 1/5 width of head.

Length: Body 9 mm; wing 9 mm (N = 2).

Puparium: Anterior fold without extra large spicules. Abdominal vestiture of short, upright setae (cf. Fig. 28 ) except on terminal section of anal segment where vestiture consists of broad, triangular shaped setae ( Fig. 33 ). Anal lobe without spicules. Posterior breathing tube orange, tapering. AP shiny, faintly coriaceous and about 1.2¥ as long as TR is wide. Pupal spiracles orange, matt, shining apically, and with openings in upper two thirds. Pupal spiracles about 1.5¥ as wide apart as a pupal spiracle is long.

Material examined: Holotype: male with puparium ECUADOR, Pinchincha, Guayllabamaba, 29.vii.2000, ex decaying stems and platyclades of an Opuntia species and also some prototypes from a small columnar cactus ( Cactaceae ), E. G. H., and G. E. R. (NMS). Paratypes: 11 ♂, 6 ♀, 17 puparia, same data as holotype (NMS, PUCE, CIBIO, SI).

Etymology: The name multipunctatum refers to the dark patches on the wings.

Taxonomic notes: The adult of this species is very distinctive because of the dark markings at the apex of the wing rather than the entire apex of the wing being darkened as in other Pictum group adults. It is otherwise similar to C. florida and C. vittatum in having a yellow not a dark frons but differs from these species in the pale not bright yellow markings on the thorax.

The puparium of C. multipunctatum is most similar to those of C. alberlena and C. tamaulipanum in having a tapering posterior breathing tube, lacking large spicules on the anterior fold and having light orange pupal spiracles. It differs from C. tamaulipanum in having a shorter AP than TR is wide and from C. alberlena in having pupal spiracles that are about as long as the AP and in having broad, triangular shaped setae on the end section of the anal segment bearing the third pair of lappets. In C. alberlena the AP is about 2¥ the length of the pupal spiracles and the vestiture of the end section of the anal segment consists of fine setae.

Figures

Figures 1–4. Adult Copestylum, lateral view of the head; scale bar = 2 mm. 1, Copestylum multipunctatum sp. nov., male holotype; 2, Copestylum santarosae sp. nov., male holotype; 3, Copestylum tetetzoi sp. nov., male holotype; 4, Copestylum truncatum sp. nov., male holotype.

Figures 8–11. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; scale bar = 0.30 mm. 8–9, Copestylum multipunctatum sp. nov., male holotype: 8, genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 9, hypandrium, ventral view. 10–11, Copestylum cochabamba sp. nov., male holotype: 10, genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 11, hypandrium, ventral view.

Figures 28–34. Third stage larval Copestylum, body vestiture, black areas represent extent of sclerotization; scale bar = 1 mm. 28, 31, and 34, Copestylum quadratum, 28, long fine setae from the dorsum of the metathorax; 31, crochets from proleg on first abdominal segment, larger crochet = primary; smaller crochet = secondary; 34, branched setae from base of lateral lips; 29–30, Copestylum isabellina, 29, short, broad setae from the dorsum of the metathorax, 30, spicules from the anterior fold of the prothorax; 32, Copestylum hambletoni, broad based setae from dorsum of mesothorax; 33, Copestylum multipunctatum sp. nov., triangular shaped setae from dorsum of the anal segment.