Copestylum pictum, (WIEDEMANN, 1830)

Rotheray, Graham E., Marcos-García, Maria-Angeles, Hancock, Geoff, Pérez-Bañón, Celeste & Maier, Chris T., 2009, Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (4), pp. 697-749 : 701-703

COPESTYLUM PICTUM (WIEDEMANN, 1830)

Puparium: Anterior fold with up to 12 large, hook-like spicules among numerous smaller spicules ( Fig. 54 ). Anterior spiracles with up to five openings. Abdominal vestiture of long, fine setae. Anal lobe with spicules. Posterior breathing tube orange and tapering. AP smooth, shiny, and 1.5¥ as long as TR is wide. Pupal spiracles orange, matt, and club-tipped in apical third because of openings on five or more encircling, raised bands. Pupal spiracles about 0.65¥ as wide apart as a pupal spiracle is long.

Taxonomic notes: The third stage larva and puparium of Copestylum pictum are instantly recognizable by the spicules on the anterior fold, some of which are large and hook-like and the club-tipped pupal spiracles bearing five encircling bands of openings.

Material examined: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, three puparia COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Upala, Dos Rios, Estación San Gerardo , 600 m, 13.ix.2000 collected by D. Briceno ex (from) Opuntia platyclades ( Cactaceae ) ( INBio) .

COPESTYLUM ALBERLENA MARCOS- GARCÍA & PÉREZ- BAÑÓN, 2002

Puparium: Anterior fold with even sized spicules, lacking a few extra large (2¥ as long) spicules as in Figure 54 . Anterior spiracles with three openings.

Abdominal vestiture of short, upright setae. Anal lobe with spicules. Posterior breathing tube orange, tapering. AP smooth and shiny and about 0.8¥ as long as TR is wide. Pupal spiracles orange, matt, shining apically, and with three encircling rings of openings in upper half. Pupal spiracles as wide apart as a pupal spiracle is long and about 2¥ as long as the AP.

Taxonomic notes: Copestylum alberlena is most similar to Copestylum multipunctatum sp. nov. and Copestylum tamaulipanum (Townsend, 1898) in having a tapering posterior breathing tube, lacking large spicules on the anterior fold and having light orange pupal spiracles. It differs from C. tamaulipanum in having a AP shorter than TR is wide and from C. multipunctatum in having pupal spiracles that are about 2¥ as long as AP and in having fine vestiture on the end section of the anal segment bearing the third pair of lappets. In C. multipunctatum the AP is about the same length as the pupal spiracles and the vestiture of the end section of the anal segment consists of broad, triangular-shaped setae.

Material examined: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, three puparia MEXICO Veracruz, Las Minas, 1750 m, 18–19.vii.1999 M. A. M. ex Opuntia (CIBIO) .

Previous records: ex Opuntia (Marcos-García & Pérez- Bañón, 2002).

Figures

Figures 54–57. Puparia of Copestylum, scanning electron photomicrographs, scales as indicated on images, 54, Copestylum pictum, dorsum of prothoracic shield length 3.5 mm; 55, Copestylum spinigera, pupal spiracles, ventral view length 1.12 mm; 56, 57, Copestylum hambletoni, pupal spiracle length 1.3 mm; 56, ventral view; 57, dorsal view. af, apex of anterior fold with spicules; as, anterior spiracle; lf, longitudinal fold; s, spicule groups on anterodorsal margins of mesothorax and metathorax; P, prothorax; Ms, mesothorax; Mt, metathorax.