Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier, 2024

Génier, François & Darling, James D. G., 2024, Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe), European Journal of Taxonomy 925, pp. 220-267 : 237-240

Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7F14F5E-EF36-4BAA-B81F-88BDBC8FFE4F

Figs 5–6 , 17–18 , 27 , 33 , 37 , 43 , 48 , 66

Differential diagnosis

Dorsal ocular width subequal to one-sixth interocular distance; anterior pronotal edge tends to be medially indented; posterior pronotal surface uniformly punctate; elytral interstriae punctation tends to be invisible at 10 × magnification; metasternal depression divided anteriorly. ♂ pronotal ridge with a single medial pair of distinct tubercles in large individuals; paramere apex unevenly rounded, projecting dorsally; FLP endophallite reduced.

Etymology

Grossiorum is the Latin plural genitive form of Grossi. This species is named in honour of Everardo and Paschoal Grossi, two avid Brazilian collectors and accomplished entomologists.

Name-bearing type data

Holotype ♂ ( CEMT) ( Fig. 52 ): “ BRASIL: Rio de Janeiro. | Itatiaia. PARNA Itatiaia. | 1700m. 22°25’5.5”S; | 44°38’6.7”W. Pitfall. | 23-26-xii-2011. | C Araújo & R Andrade”; “WORLD | SCARAB. | DATABASE | WSD00035641” [barcode label]; “ HOLOTYPE ♂ | Homocopris | grossiorum | Des. Darling & Génier, 2018“ [on red card with black border].

Type locality

Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 22°25′05.5″ S, 43°38′06.7″ W, 1700 m, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Type material (48 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀)

Holotype

BRASIL • ♂; “ Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , Itatiaia, 1700 m [22°25′5″ S, 44°38′7″ W], 20.i.2012, mata atlántica, pitfall trap: human feces, C. Araújo ”; CEMT.

Allotype

BRASIL • ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CEMT.

Paratypes

BRAZIL • Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Serra dos Côchos, Passa Quatro ; [22°23′30″ S, 44°58′30″ W]; 1460 m; 15 Jan. 1923; J. Zikán; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 17 Feb. 1923; J. Zikán; CEMT. – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♂; Itatiaia; [22°28′ S, 44°34′ W]; Jan. 1992; Celso Jr.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Apr. 1992; C. Godinho; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Mar. 1990; [anonymous]; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 1994; [anonymous]; CMD • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; Feb. 1992; V. Allard; PMOC • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 28 Feb. 1990; C. and D. Godinho; CEMT • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; [22°28′ S, 44°34′ W]; 1500 m; Feb. 1992; [anonymous]; PMOC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Macaé de Cima; [22°23′ S, 42°29′ W]; Mar. 2000; Vaz-de-Mello; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; [no date]; E. and P. Grossi; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Apr. 2006; E. and P. Grossi; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; Macaé de Cima, Nova Friburgo ; [22°23′ S, 42°29′ W]; 1400 m; 15 Apr. 2007; E. and P. Grossi; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; Mar. 2000; Lopes-Andrade, Gumier and Vaz-de-Mello; CEMT • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Mar. 2006; Vaz-de-Mello and Grossi; CEMT • 2 ♀♀; Mury, 8 km E of Nova Friburgo; [22°21′49″ S, 42°33′7″ W]; 1150 m; 22 Jan. 2000; F. Génier & S. Ide 2000-12; quasi-primary mountain Atlantic Forest , dung trap; CMNC • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 22 Jan. 2000; F. Génier and S. Ide 2000-13; quasi-primary mountain Atlantic Forest , dung trap; CMNC • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 22 Jan. 2000; F. Génier and S. Ide 2000-14; quasi-primary mountain Atlantic Forest , carrion trap; CMNC • 1 ♂; Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis ; [22°27′.43″ S, 43°0′53.24″ W]; 1550 m; 16–18 Dec. 2014; C. Araújo and R. Andrade; pitfall trap; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis ; [22°27′8.1″ S, 43°0′51.98″ W]; 1650 m; 16–18 Dec. 2014; C. Araújo and R. Andrade; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂; Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis ; [22°27′11.56″ S, 43°0′56.41″ W]; 1680 m; 28–30 Jan. 2014; C. Araújo and R. Andrade; pitfall trap; CEMT • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis ; [22°27′19.3″ S, 43°1′3.79″ W]; 1750 m; 16–18 Dec. 2014; C. Araújo and R. Andrade; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂; Parque Nacional do Itatiaia ; [22°28′ S, 44°34′ W]; 4 Jan. 1991; [anonymous]; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , Itatiaia; [22°25′17″ S, 44°37′59″ W]; 1600 m; 4. Jan. 1991; E. and P. Grossi; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 23–26 Dec. 2011; C. Araújo and R. Andrade; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 20 Jan. 2012; C. Araújo; mata atlántica, pitfall trap: human feces; CEMT • 1 ♂; Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , Itatiaia; [22°25′20″ S, 44°38′9″ W]; 1650 m; 20 Jan. 2012; C. Araújo; mata atlántica, pitfall trap: human feces; CEMT • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; CEMT • 1 ♂; same locality as for holotype; 20 Jan. 2012; C. Araújo; mata atlántica, pitfall trap: human feces; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , Itatiaia; [22°25′1.1″ S, 44°38′35.5″ W]; 1850 m; 23–26 Dec. 2011; C. Araújo and R. Andrade; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♂; Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , Itatiaia; [22°24′47.2″ S, 44°38′23.5″ W]; 1900 m; 23–26 Dec. 2011; C. Araújo and R. Andrade; pitfall trap; CEMT • 1 ♀ (paratype of Pinotus torulosus var. Minor Luederwaldt ); Rio de Janeiro; BMNH. – São Paulo • 1 ♂; Campos do Jordão; [22°44′ S, 45°35′ W]; 20 Feb. 1999; E. A. Pereira; CEMT • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Campos do Jordão; [22°44′ S, 45°35′ W]; 1850 m; Jan. 2005; G.P. Almeida; CEMT • 1 ♂; Horto Florestal de Campos do Jordão ; [22°41′24″ S, 45°28′48″ W]; 27 Dec. 1998; G.P. Almeida; CEMT • 2 ♂♂; [NO DATA]; [no date], [anonymous]”; MNHN.

Description

Male holotype ( Figs 5 , 17 , 27 , 33 , 37 , 43 , 48 )

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 14.4 mm.

HEAD. Clypeus bidentate with broad, rounded teeth. Anteroventral clypeal process broad. Clypeal and genal surface rugose, clypeogenal suture demarcated by shallow notch. Posterior genal angle obtuse. Frontal surface reduced, smooth. Dorsal ocular width subequal to one-sixth interocular distance. Interocular surface medially smooth. Cephalic horn emerging centrally from clypeofrontal surface, tapering apically, gently curved, 3.6 mm in length.

PROTHORAX. Anterior pronotal edge medially indented. Lateral pronotal edge angular on anterior fourth in dorsal view. Anterior pronotal declivity surface ( Fig. 48 ) with fine transverse rugosities. Centrally paired tubercles along transverse pronotal ridge distinct, lateral pair indistinct. Posterior pronotal surface uniformly punctate. Prosternal apex acutely tipped.

ELYTRA. Glossy overall. Striae 1–6 widest anteriorly; narrowing posteriorly. Third and fourth striae posteriorly joined. Eighth stria absent throughout. Ninth stria effaced along anterior quarter of elytral length. Interstriae convex, minutely punctate.

HINDWING. Membrane edge between AP and AA sinuous. AP vein entire, converging with J.

VENTRITES. Meso-metasternal suture straight. Surface of median metasternal lobe ( Fig. 43 ) with uneven texture and deep, anteriorly divided impression. Lateral metasternal lobe densely setose. Fifth abdominal ventrite with sparse medial punctation. Pygidium coarsely punctate.

PROTHORACIC LEGS. Anterior and posterior surface of profemur with dense row of long dark setae. Ventral profemoral surface finely punctate, sparsely setose. Protibia with three distinct teeth. Protibial forespur apically tapered, curving inward.

MESOTHORACIC LEGS. Posterior surface of mesotrochanter with tuft of long dark setae. Anterior and posterior surface of mesofemur with sparse row of long dark setae. Outer surface of mesotibia serrate. Width at mesotibial apex one-third mesotibial length.

METATHORACIC LEGS. Posterior surface of metatrochanter with tuft of long dark setae. Anterior and posterior surface of metafemur with sparse row of long dark setae. Outer surface of metatibia serrate. Width at metatibial apex one-third metatibial length.

MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus length: 2.8 mm. Medially paired sclerites of genital segment elongate ( Fig. 37 ), subequal in length to lateral sclerites. Paramere ( Fig. 27 ) laterally flattened, gently tapered with apex subtruncated, slightly projecting dorsally. FLP endophallite ( Fig. 33 ) reduced, appearing rounded and truncated.

Female allotype ( Figs 6 , 18 )

Similar to male with the following exceptions: Body length 12.6 mm. Clypeofrontal carina transverse, centrally raised. Interocular surface coarsely punctate. Anterior pronotal ridge low, followed by shallow concavity.

Variation

Body length 11–19 mm. Small males with medially projecting clypeofrontal ridge instead of cephalic horn. Anterior pronotal edge medially indented more often than evenly curved. Pronotal ridge in small males low, medially notched. Elytral interstriae minutely punctate (invisible at 10 ×) more often than finely punctate (visible at 10×).

Distribution ( Fig. 66 )

Serra dos Órgãos and Serra da Mantiqueira in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, with recorded elevations between 1150 and 1900 m.

Natural history

Specimens with data were collected in Atlantic Forest and quasi-primary mountain Atlantic Forest. Most specimens were collected using pitfall traps with unspecified baits. A single specimen was collected in a carrion trap and three specimens were collected in pitfall traps baited with human faeces.

Figures

Figs 5–8. Dorsal habitus. 5. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 6. Homocopris grossiorum, allotype, ♀ (CEMT). 7. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 8. Homocopris punctatissimus, specimen ♀ (NMPC).

Figs 17–20. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 17. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 18. Homocopris grossiorum, allotype, ♀ (CEMT). 19. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 20. Homocopris punctatissimus, specimen ♀ (BNPC).

Figs25–30. Paramere,lateralview.25. Andinocoprisachamas(Harold,1867)gen.etcomb.nov.,specimen ♂ (CMNC). 26. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 27. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 28. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 29. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 30. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).

Figs 31–36. FLP endophallite, dorsal view. 31. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 32. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 33. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 34. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 35. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 36. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).

Figs 37–41. 37–38. Genital segment, dorsal view. 37. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 38. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 39–41. Hindwing, dorsal view. 39. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov. 40. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov. 41. Homocopris torulosus.

Figs 42–45. Metasternum, ventral view. In specimens with a metasternal depression, the lateral depression is bordered with white dotted lines. For Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., a red dotted line indicates where the metasternal depression is interrupted. 42. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♀ (MNHN) 43. Homocopris grossiorum, holotype ♂ (MZSP). 44. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♀ (NMPC). 45. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), specimen ♂ (CMNC).

Figs 46–57. 46–49. Elytral striae, posterolateral view. 46. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 47. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). Anterior pronotal surface. 48. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 49. Homocopris torulosus, neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 50–57. Type specimen labels. 50. Pinotus achamas Harold, 1867. 51. Pinotus buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891). 52. Homocopris grossiorum. 53. Copris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845). 54. Copris torulosus Eschscholtz, 1822. 55. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov. 56. Pinotus simulator Luederwaldt, 1936. 57. Pinotus dahli Landin, 1955.

Fig. 66. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov. and Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., distribution map. Legend and scale bar included in the top and bottom right corners, respectively.