Kadsura matsudae Hayata (1920: 4

Suetsugu, Kenji, Hsu, Tian-Chuan, Toma, Tsugutaka, Miyake, Takashi & Saunders, Richard M. K., 2017, Emended description and resurrection of Kadsura matsudae (Schisandraceae), Phytotaxa 311 (3), pp. 255-262 : 257-261

Kadsura matsudae Hayata (1920: 4 , as “ K. matsudai ”) emend. Suetsugu & T.C.Hsu ( Figs. 1–4 ).

Type: — TAIWAN. Pingtung Co.: Ariko, January 1917, E. Matsuda s.n. (holotype TI!).

Emended description:— Woody vines, glabrous. Leaves elliptic or rarely ovate-elliptic, (4–) 5.5–11 cm long, (1.5–)2.5– 4.7(–5.5) cm wide, length: width ratio 1.9–2.6(–4.0); papyraceous to subcoriaceous; base acute to cuneate; apex acute to acuminate; margins shallowly dentate or entire; primary vein variably slightly to highly impressed above, prominent below; secondary veins 3–6 pairs per leaf, often indistinct due to presence of intersecondary veins, (slightly) arcuate; petioles 10–26 mm long. Flowers either borne solitary in axils of leaves or in axils of fugaceous bracts, occasionally cauliflorous; tepals pale yellow to pale green; outermost tepal ovate to triangular, 1.3–2.2 mm long, 2.2–3.0 mm wide, length:width ratio 0.6–0.9, highly reduced to 0.1–0.2 of length of largest; innermost tepal elliptic, 5.3–10.8 mm long, 3.0– 5.2 mm wide, length:width ratio 1.8–2.2, reduced to 0.5–0.7 of length of largest; largest tepal generally ovate, occasionally elliptic, 10.0– 16.3 mm long, 7.5–10.9 mm wide, length:width ratio 1.2–1.6. Male flowers with 9–12 tepals; androecium of ca. 40 stamens, yellow or red; anthers sessile, spirally arranged in a subglobose to ellipsoid head, 5.2–6.6 mm in diameter, connectives broader than thick, with lateral thecae, adjacent stamens not contiguous; peduncle 17–26 mm long. Female flowers with 10–13 tepals; gynoecium of ca. 40 carpels, 6.0– 7.5 mm in diameter; carpels 1.5–2.2 mm long, 1.0– 1.6 mm wide, length:width ratio 1.2–1.8; pseudostyle broad with subpeltate pseudostigma; peduncle 17–33 mm long. Fruit composed of ca. 30 apocarps, ripening red to dark purple, apocarps 5.5–9.0 mm long, 5.5–8.0 mm wide, length:width ratio 0.9–1.2, apocarps sessile, pericarp thin, showing the shape of the seeds after drying; peduncle slightly elongated, 26–40 mm long. Seeds 1–3 per apocarp, reniform, 4.0– 4.4 mm long, 4.4–5.2 mm wide, length:width ratio 0.8–0.9.

Additional specimens examined: — JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Motobu Town , Henaji , 17 October 2016, Toma 93 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village , Benoki , 18 October 2016, Toma 98 ( OSA!) ; Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Motobu Town , Henaji , 9 October 2016, Toma 101-01 ( OSA!) ; Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Motobu Town , Henaji , 20 October 2016, Toma 101- 02 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village , Jashiki , 18 October 2016, Toma 103-01 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village , Jashiki , 21 October 2016, Toma 103-02 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village , Uka , 21 November 2016, Toma 110 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village , Benoki , 18 October 2016, Toma 128 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village , Uka , 20 October 2016, Toma 129-1 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village , Uka, 28 Nobember 2016, Toma 129-2 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village , Sate , 28 November 2016, Toma 131 ( OSA!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Nago City , Mt. Katsuudake , 21 September 1940, Y. Kimura and Y. Hurusawa s.n. ( TI!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Iriomote Island, Taketomi Town Shirahama, 30 September 2003, K. Yasuda 2048 ( KYO!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Island, Kabira , 2 November 1959, S. Hatsushima 206061 ( KAG!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki Island, Mt. Suri , 21 August 1919, S. Kawagoe 4036 ( KAG!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Iriomote, Shirahama , 19 August 2002, J. C. Wang et al. 11806 ( TAIF!) ; JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Kumejima Island, Shimajiri , near Mt. Aradake , 30 September 2005, G. Kokubugata 7031 ( TNS!). TAIWAN. Hsinchu Co.: Hsinkuang, 11 August 2013, P. F. Lu 25977 ( TAIF!) ; Litungshan , 19 September 2000, S. W. Chung 3063 ( TAIF!) ; Simakusi Giant Trees , 27 August 2011, P. F. Lu 22720 ( TAIF!) ; Szmakusz, 20 July 2002, P. F. Lu 4459 ( TAIF!). Hualien Co.: Kiraikei-Asahi , 8 August 1919, E. Matuda 210 ( TI!) ; Kiraikei-Asahi , 8 August 1919, E. Matuda 275 ( TI!) ; Chilai , 4 August 1919, E. Matsuda s.n. ( TAIF!) ; Hopping logging trail, 28 July 1993, J. C. Wang et al. 8638 ( TAIF!). Ilan Co.: Ssuchi Village , 6 August 2014, C. F. Chen 5315 ( TAIF!) ; Nanshan-Kiretei, 20 August 1969, Yamazaki et al. 555 ( KAG!). New Taipei City: Urai, 15 July 1931, T. Suzuki 4716 ( TI!). Taipei City: Sendyosan, T. Suzuki 5396 ( TI!) ; Mt. Tsaikungkeng, 14 July 1999, S. C. Wu et al. 875 ( TAIF!). Taitung Co.: Pinan , 26 November 1896, T. Makino s.n ( TI!) ; Kotosho , July 1912, T. Kawakami & S. Sasaki s.n. ( TI!) ; Botel Tobago, 23 August 1962, C. E. Chang 3177 (KYO1) ; Botel Tobago, 28 Aug 1985, C. E. Chang 17129 ( TI!) ; Lanyu , 4–17 August 1968, G. Ikeda 2329 ( KAG!) ; Mt. Hungtou , 19 July 2013, C. F. Chen 4668 ( TAIF!) .

Distribution and phenology: —Our field surveys and herbarium investigation showed that K. matsudae is distributed in many islands in central and southern Ryukyu and Taiwan. In addition, our field and herbarium surveys failed to find any K. japonica flowering individuals in some Ryukyu Islands, such as Okinawa Island. This suggests that K. matsudae may possibly have been mistaken for the more widespread species K. japonica , which has a similar gross morphology. Extensive surveys during the flowering season are urgently required in order to reveal the precise distribution of K. matsudae in the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan. Flowering was observed from late-July to mid- November, and fruiting from mid-October to mid-February.

GenBank accession no:— Toma 93: LC228067 (trn L-F), LC225771 (ITS). Toma 128: LC228068 (trn L-F), LC225772 (ITS).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Kadsura matsudae deposited in TI.—A. Habit.—B. Male flower.

FIGURE 2. Kadsura matsudae newly discovered in Okinawa Island.—A. Male flower.—B. Female flower.—C. Male flower with red androecium (left) and male flower with yellow androecium (right).—D. Fruit.

FIGURE 3. Kadsura matsudae newly discovered in Okinawa Island.—A. Androecium.—B. Gynoecium. Scale bar = 2 mm

FIGURE 4. Molecular maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of Kadsura species. A. ITS data (highest log likelihood -1310.5853). B. trnL-F data (highest log likelihood -1234.9454). Numbers above the branches represent bootstrap values ≥50%.