Philodromus fallax SUNDEVALL, 1833

Szita, É., Logunov, D. & O, P., 2008, A Review Of The Histrio Group Of The Spider Genus Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae, Philodromidae) Of The Eastern Palaearctic Region, Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 54 (1), pp. 23-73 : 55-59

Philodromus fallax SUNDEVALL, 1833

(Figs 47–49, 59–60, 78, Map 9 )

Philodromus fallax Sundevall, 1833: 226 (D f; the f holotype in SMNH; not examined).

Material examined: without label, SZMN – 1 m. FRANCE: no exactl locality, MNHN 661 – 1 m 8 f. – TURKEY: Ankara Prov., Şereflikoçhisar Distr., N part of Tuz Lake, c. 39°08’40”N, 33°20’30”E, c. 900 m a.s.l., on reed heads, G. P. Lampel, HECO – 29/07/1956, 1 f. – AZERBAIJAN: Lenkoran Reserve, 38°38.5’N, 48°47.5’E, E. F. Guseinov, ZMMU – 23/05/2003, 1 m 1 f; Abşeron [=Apsheron] Pnsl., Baku, Ganly-Gel Lake , 40°21.46’N, 49°48.36’E, Yu. M. Marusik & E. F. Guseinov, ZMMU – 20/ 05–6/06/2003, 5 f; same pnsl., nr. Baku, Mardakyan, 40°29.26’N, 50°09.06’E, Yu. M. Marusik, ZMMU – 18/06/2003, 3 m 5 f; same pnsl., Gyurgyan, E. F. Guseinov, ZMMU – 1/05/2001, 4 m 1 f; Ali Bayramli [=Ali-Bairamly] Distr., Kur-Aras [=Kura-Araks] Depression, SE Shirvan’ Plain, Shirvan’ Reserve , c. 39°33’40”N, 49°07’45”E, 1–25 m a.s.l., E. F. Guseinov, ZMMU – 28/05/2000, 2 f. – RUSSIA: Novosibirsk Region: Karasuk Distr. , c. 4 km W of Troitskoe, the shore of Solenoe Lake , c. 53°43’10”N, 77°44’E, c. 110 m a.s.l., A. E. Kozlov, SZMN – 1/06/1988, 1 f; same distr., the shore of Astrodym Lake , c. 53°38’30”N, 77°47’E, c. 110 m a.s.l., A. E. Kozlov, SZMN – 12/06/1988, 2 f. Tuva: Erzin Distr. , Tes-Khem River valley , left riverside, c. 14 km NW of Erzin, c. 50°21’30”N, 95°02’20”E, 1040–1080 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, SZMN – 4/06/1989, 1 f; same distr., shore of Shara-Nur Lake , c. 37 km W of Erzin, c. 50°14’10”N, 94°37’40”E, 900–920 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, ZMMU – 10/05/1989, 2 f. – UKRAINE: Dnipropetrovs’k [=Dnepropetrovsk] Region: Pavlograd Distr. , Samara River valley , left riverside, c. 3 km N of Bulakhivka [=Bulakhovka], c. 48°38’N, 35°41’E, 57–65 m a.s.l., L. Yu. Khodinsk, SZMN – 25/05/1975, 1 f; Zaporizhzhya [=Zaporozh’e] Region, Berdyans’k [=Berdyansk] Distr., N shore of Azov Sea, Berdyans’k [=Berdyansk], c. 46°45’N, 36°48’20”E, 0–50 m a.s.l., V. Nikolaev, PSU – 1/05/1937, 2 m 4 f. – Kazakhstan: Kyzyl-Orda Region: Aral’sk Distr. , Aral Sea, Barsakel’mes Nature Reserve , Barsakel’mes Isl. , c. 45°40’25”N, 59°55’E, wet sand, 50–60 m a.s.l., T. V. Pavlenko, ZMMU – 14/05/1982, 1 f. Pavlodar Region: Maiskoe Distr. , S shore of Alkamergen Lake , c. 51°04’50”N, 76°38’45”E, c. 190 m a.s.l., O. V. Lyakhov, SZMN – 7/05/1990, 1 f. E Kazakhstan Region: Tarbagatai [=Tarbagatay] Distr., S shore of Zaisan Lake , c. 10 km NW of Tugyl [=Priozernyi], c. 47°47’50”N, 84°06’20”E, 390–398 m a.s.l., R. Yu. Dudko & V. K. Zinchenko, ZMMU – 10/06/1997, 1 f; Tarbagatai [=Tarbagatay] Distr., c. 5 km ESE of Tugyl [=Priozernyi], c. 47°42’05”N, 84°17’45”E, 390–400 m a.s.l., R. Yu. Dudko & V. K. Zinchenko, SZMN – 11/06/1997, 1 m 2 f; Kurchum Distr. , SW foothills of Narym Mt. Range , nr. Aktobe Hill, c. 15 km NW of Kurchum, c. 48°41’N, 83°32’E, 440–480 m a.s.l., R. Yu. Dudko, SZMN – 3–4/05/1999, 1 m; Kokpekti [=Kokpekty] Distr., c. 1–2 km W of Kokpekti [=Kokpekty], c. 48°45’10”N, 82°21’E, 540–580 m a.s.l., hills, A. A. Zyuzin, ZMMU – 7/08/1988, 1 m. Almaty [=Alma-Ata] Region: Alakol’ Distr. , E shore of Balkhash Lake , N environses of Ayakoz [=Ayaguz] River mouth, nr. Karatas ruins, c. 46°41’20”N, 79°14’E, 342–360 m a.s.l., A. A. Zyuzin, ZMMU – 3/08/1988, 3 m 5 f. – UZBEKISTAN: Syrdarya Region: Golodnaya Steppe, c. 40°30’20”N, 68°24’E, c. 270 m a.s.l., G. G. Yakobson, PSU – 1–6/05/1903, 1 f. – TURKMENISTAN: Balkan [=Krasnovodsk] Region: Turkmenbashi [=Krasnovodsk] Distr., Krasnovodsk Nature Reserve , E shore of Caspian Sea, Krasnovodskaya Kosa Pnsl., Gyzylsuv [=Kyzyl-Su, Kizyl-Su], c. 39°47’45”N, 53°00’45”E, 23–28 m a.s.l., ZMMU – 9/07/1929, 2 m. Dashkhovuz [=Tashauz] Region: Boldumsaz [=Kalinin] Distr., the shore of Sarykamysh Lake , c. 41°53’55”N, 57°47’45”E, 5–20 m a.s.l., L. A. Mitroshina, ZMMU – 1/05/1986, 1 f. – KYRGHYZSTAN: Chui [=Chu, Chüy] Region: Alamedin [=Alamüdün] Distr., N slope of Kirgiz Mt. Range , c. 20 km S of Bishkek [=Frunze], Malinovoe [=Malinovka] River canyon, Figs 53–58. Male genitalia of Philodromus spp. 53–55. = P. triangulatus – 53 v, 54 rl, 55 pl. 56–58. = P. pictus – 56 v, 57 rl, 58 pl. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Specimens: P. triangulatus : Tuva, Kyzyl; P. pictus :

Almaty Region, Butakovka

c. 42°41’10”N, 74°32’50”E, 1380–1500 m a.s.l., S. V. Ovtchinnikov, ZMMU – 22/06/1984, 1 m 1 f. – TADJIKISTAN: Vakhsh River , nr. Tarkti, A. P. Kononenko, SZMN – 30/03/1973, 1 f.

Diagnosis: Embolus saddle-shaped. VTA as long as wide, angular. Epigynal plate onioncup-shaped. Distance between EA larger than their length.

Male (E Kazakhstan Region: Tarbagatai Distr., c. 5 km ESE of Tugyl): Prosoma light brown, with the pattern of brown and beige stripes and patches ( Fig. 78 ). Opisthosoma beige, with the light greyish brown to dark brown pattern. Legs gently speckled. Measurements (n= 1). Body length 6.4. PsL 2.8, PsW 2.75, OsL 3.6, OsW 2.3. Distances between eyes: AME 0.1, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1, AME-AME 0.2, AME-ALE 0.1, PME-PME 0.4, PME-PLE 0.2, MOA-AW 0.4, MOA-PW 0.6, MOA-L 0.5, AME-PME 0.3, ALE-PLE 0.2. Length of leg segments: FeI 3.65, PaI 1.4, TiI 3, MtI 2.7, TaI 1.45, FeII 4.5, PaII 1.65, TiII 4.15, MtII 3.8, TaII 1.95, FeIII 3.1, PaIII 1.2, TiIII 2.3, MtIII 2.25, TaIII 1.2, FeIV 3.4, PaIV 1.2, TiIV 2.45, MtIV 2.25, TaIV 1.35. Total length of legs: legI 12.2, legII 16.05, legIII 10.05, legIV 10.65. Spination of leg I: femur: d 0–0–1–0–1; pl 0–1–0–1–0; v -; rl 0–0–1–0–0. tibia: d 0–0–1; pl 1–1–0–1–0; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–1–0–1–0. metatarsus: d -; pl 1–0–1–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–0–1–0–1.

Palpus (Figs 47–49). CyL 0.73, CyW 0.34, PTiL. 0.53. Cymbium rounded, two times longer than wide. The tegulum elongated, not overhanging the alveoulus. The tegular suture conspicuous. The ST is seen in ventral view. The embolus wide, but its tip is sharply narrowed, forming a kind of distal ‘saddle’ ended up with a pointed tip. The embolic tip is usually hidden beneath the membranous PTA. The PTA with a small distal claw directed retro-laterad. The length of palpal tibia is twice of its width, ca. of the same length as the cymbium. In ventral view, the VTA is as long as wide, slightly angular, the prolateral side of its distal end is slightly receded and weekly sclerotised. The RTA triangular in retrolateral view (Fig. 48), its tip slightly curved ventro-mediad.

Female (E Kazakhstan Region: Tarbagatai Distr., c. 5 km ESE of Tugyl): Colouration and colour pattern as in males. Measurements (n= 2). Body length 5.75–6.85. PsL 2.1–2.6, PsW 2.05–2.5, OsL 3.65–4.25, OsW 2.75–3.2. Distances between eyes: AME 0.10–0.11, ALE 0.07–0.09, PME 0.07–0.08, PLE 0.07–0.08, AME-AME 0.16–0.16, AME-ALE 0.08–0.11, PME-PME 0.30–0.36, PME-PLE 0.17–0.21, MOA-AW 0.35–0.38, MOA-PW 0.44–0.53, MOA-L 0.36–0.42, AME-PME 0.22–0.25, ALE-PLE 0.18–0.21. Length of leg segments: FeI 2.4–2.9, PaI 1.1–1.25, TiI 2–2.9, MtI 1.75–1.85, TaI 1–1.4, FeII 3.15–3.68, PaII 1.25–1.5, TiII 2.75–3.15, MtII 2.2–2.65, TaII 1.35–1.6, FeIII 2.15–2.5, PaIII 0.9–1, TiIII 1.65–1.9, MtIII 1.25–1.7, TaIII 0.8–0.95, FeIV 2.4–2.9, PaIV 0.9–1.1, TiIV 1.75–2.23, MtIV 1.4–1.9, TaIV 0.85–1. Total length of legs: legI 8.3–10.3, legII 10.7–12.58, legIII 6.75–8.05, legIV 7.3–9.13. Spination of leg I: femur: d 0–0–1–0–1; pl 0–1–0–1–0 or 0–1–0–1–1; v -; rl 0–1–0–0–0. tibia: d 0–0–1; pl 1–1–0–1–0 or 1–0–1–1–0; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–1–0–1–0 or 0–0–1–1–0 or 1–0–1–1–0. metatarsus: d -; pl 1–0–1–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–0–1–0–1.

Epigyne and spermathecae ( Figs 59–60 ). The epigynal athrium as an onion-cupola. The CD medium wide, but visibly widened anteriorly. The distance between EA is larger than their length. The S oval, its posterior end slightly narrowed. The ID and SO are in the anterior position.

Remarks: P. fallax was identified on the basis of the illustrations by TULLGREN (1970: Plate XVI, Fig. 214) and ROBERTS (1995: 172, Plate 11). This species greatly resembles P. angulobulbis . The male can be distinguished by the embolic shape (almost saddle-shaped distally in P. fallax , and more or less straight in P. angulobulbis ) and by the wider VTA (cf. Figs 47 and 50); the latter difference is not always obvious. The female of P. fallax have the visibly wider EA (cf. Figs 59 and 61 ) and the different configuration of S and SO (cf. Figs 60 and 62 ).

Habitat: Central Europe: sandy beaches and coastal dunes ( HÄNGGI et al. 1995). Kalmykia: meadows, saline meadows and plavni ( MINORANSKI & PONOMAREV 1984). Rostov Region: meadows ( MINORANSKI et al. 1980). Chelyabinsk Region: shores of steppe lakes and river valley meadows ( EFIMIK & ZOLOTAREV 1998). Tyumen Region (Yuganski Reserve): riam, i.e. the risen bog surrounded by sparse pine forest (ESYUNIN 1996). Tuva: saline and stony shores of lakes, Acnatherium splendens stands, reed swamps ( LOGUNOV et al. 1998: pro parte, present data). It seems that habitat preferences of P. fallax in the eastern part of its range are more diverse, and this fact was recently discussed by DUFFEY (2005). Elevations: 0–1500 m a.s.l.

Distribution: The trans-Palaearctic temperate range; known from Portugal and France in the west ( URONES 1995; present data), eastward throughout European part Russia ( MINORANSKI et al. 1980, ESYUNIN 1996, ESYUNIN & EFIMIK 1996, etc.), the Caucasus (present data) and Central Asia ( KRONEBERG 1885, PAVLENKO 1985, FET 1993, ZYUZIN et al. 1994, MIKHAILOV & FET 1994) to China (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia; ZHOU & SONG 1985, SONG & ZHU 1997, SONG et al. 1999), Yakutia ( MARUSIK et al. 1992, 1993) and Chukotka ( MARUSIK 1991) in the east; for the collection localities in the eastern Palaerctic Region see Map 9 .

The record of P. fallax from the Polar Urals ( ESYUNIN & EFIMIK 1996) turned out to be that of P. alascensis (ESYUNIN’ s material re-examined). The records of P. fallax by TSELLARIUS (1993) from the ‘Kivach’ Reserve were made on the basis of immature specimens, and therefore are neglected here.

Figures

Map 9. Distribution of P. fallax (dots) and P. mysticus (asteriks) in the eastern Palaearctic Region. One dot may represent more than one close localities

Figs 67–80. Body patterns of Philodromus spp. 67 = P. histrio f, 68 = P. ablegminus f, 69 = P. xerophilus f, 70 = P. lanchowensis m, 71 = P. alascensis m, 72 = ditto f, 73 = P. tuvinensis m, 74 = ditto f, 75 = P. mysticus f, 76 = P. timidus m, 77 = P. xinjiangensis m, 78 = P. fallax m, 79 = P.

Figs 59–66. Female genitalia of Philodromus spp. 59–60. = P. fallax – 59 = epigyne, 60 = spermathecae.61–62. = P. angulobulbis – 61 = epigyne, 62 = spermathecae. 63–64.= P.triangulatus – 63 = epigyne, 64 = spermathecae.65–66. = P. pictus – 65 = epigyne, 66 =spermathecae.Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Specimens: P. fallax: from E Kazakhstan Region: Tarbagatai Distr., c. 5 km ESE of Tugyl; P. angulobulbis: the paratype from Tuva: Dus-Khol’ Lake; P. triangulatus: Tuva, Kyzyl; P. pictus: Almaty Region, Butakovka