Elacatis longicornis Horn, 1871

Pollock, Darren A., 2018, Review of the Nearctic (north of Mexico) species of Elacatis Pascoe (Coleoptera: Salpingidae: Othniinae), Zootaxa 4420 (3), pp. 301-333 : 324-326

Elacatis longicornis Horn

( Figs 7–10 , 22–23 , 31 , 37 )

Elacatis longicornis Horn 1871: 334 . Type locality: “near Fort Yuma, California”.–– Horn 1888: 28; Fall 1901: 177; Borchmann 1910: 1; Leng 1920: 152; Borchmann 1921: 210.

?“ Othnius guttulatus ” LeConte 1861: 103 . Unavailable name (no specimen; see “Taxonomic notes”, below)

Types. In his description, Horn (1871: 334) stated that he examined one male and one female. However, among possible type specimens borrowed from MCZ, only one specimen (the male) can be positively attributed to E. longicornis ; in order to stabilize the nomenclature within the genus Elacatis , and specifically E. longicornis , this specimen is designated as LECTOTYPE. The male lectotype is labeled: “AR // [light blue label] Para-Type 8020 / / [red label] MCZ TYPE 35377 // Jan.-Jul. 2005 MCZ Image Database” // [large red label] LECTOTYPE ♂ Elacatis longicornis Horn design. D.A. Pollock 2017”, in MCZ. The lectotype was evidently collected in Arizona (“AR”), while the description states that two specimens were collected near Fort Yuma, California. In fact, Fort Yuma, California is situated very close to Yuma, Arizona, thus perhaps accounting for this seeming discrepancy between the locality label on the specimen, and the published type locality. The length of this specimen is 2.9 mm; Horn stated that the male was 3.0 mm. There is also a female mentioned in the original description, but is/was not included among possible type specimens borrowed from MCZ. There was, however, a specimen of E. fasciatus Bland in a tray that was labeled “Horn C Cab 20/25 O. longicornis ”. This specimen is a paralectotype of O. fasciatus , and is described more fully above.

Diagnosis. Most specimens possess elytra with irregular, lighter colored fasciae anteriorly and isolated spots posteriorly; antennae dimorphic, more elongate in males, extended well beyond posterior pronotal margin ( Fig. 7 ); lateral pronotal margins with indistinctly developed medial tubercle, or tubercle absent; male tegmen relatively short and wide ( Fig. 31 ).

Description. TL 3.9–5.0 mm; GEW 1.2–1.5 mm; TL/GEW (n=6) 3.0 8–3.54

Color. Head and pronotum medium to dark brown dorsally; elytra lighter brown, with extensive lighter maculae and spots; light elytral markings somewhat irregularly fasciate in anterior half, consisting of isolated spots in posterior half ( Figs 7, 10 ); some specimens very dark, without anterior fasciate areas (e.g. Fig. 8 ); others with almost all elytral markings “spot-like” (e.g. Fig. 9 ); antennae and mouthparts light to dark red-brown; club slightly to distinctly darker than preceding antennomeres; legs brown.

Head with eyes relatively large, convex; frons relatively flat, with slight swellings just mediad eyes; punctation relatively coarse and deep, punctures separated by less than diameter of single puncture; setae relatively short, directed anteriorly and medially, of two different colors – white/silver and golden; antennae dimorphic, relatively short ( Fig. 10 ) (females) to very elongate ( Fig. 7 ) (males), extending significantly posterior of (males) or to near (females) base of pronotum (TL/AL 2.21–2.42 males, 3.37–3.48 females); male antennomeres 4–8 relatively long, short filiform; antennomeres 9–10 longer than wide ( Fig. 22 ); females antennomeres 4–8 short, moniliform to submoniliform; antennomeres 9–10 wider than long ( Fig. 23 ).

Pronotum. GPW/PL 1.16–1.31; disc slightly convex; punctation relatively shallow, punctures separated by slightly less than single puncture diameter; lateral margins slightly arcuate, in some specimens, slightly sinuate in posterior half; lateral carinae each with or without slightly developed single tubercle near midlength; widest point at, or slightly anterior of midlength; hind angles distinct, short, acute; setae moderately elongate, directed anteriorly and/or medially, color mixed white and golden in most specimens.

Elytra. TL/EL 1.71–1.85; EL/GEW 1.72–1.92; disc moderately convex, evenly sloping to lateral margin; punctation relatively dense and coarse; setae moderately elongate, colors corresponding to dark and light base colors of elytra.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 31 ) with apicale relatively short, ca. 1.3 x length of basale; apicale relatively wide, ca. 3.2 x longer than wide; basale subequal in length and width.

Natural history. The few specimens which include any biologically contextual data have the following information: “beating dead leaves of living Yucca valida ”, “beating Yucca ”, “ground trap”, “hanging bait”, and “beating Larrea divericata ” (probably L. tridentata ); months of collection range from March to December.

Taxonomic notes. In the paper in which he described E. umbrosus, LeConte (1861: 103) also mentioned a second species: “I found under decomposing Opuntia leaves, at San Diego, California, a second species of the genus, of rather broader form, with the elytra yellowish testaceous, variegated with small black spots. The specimen has been lost, and I am therefore unable to describe it more closely. If rediscovered, and recognized by the notes here given, it may be called Othnius guttulatus ”. Horn (1871) thought that perhaps his new species, E. longicornis was identical to the missing O. guttulatus . A few years later, Horn (1888: 28) suggested that “ O. guttulatus Lec. should be dropped from our lists, as there was never a type in hand from which to make a description”. There is no way to confirm that LeConte’s missing specimen was E. longicornis , but the distribution and the brief “description” (especially the mention of the broader form) indicate that this is likely. See the “Notes” section above for E. senecionis . Elacatis longicornis belongs to a species group including also E. larsoni and E. stephani ; see “Taxonomic notes” for E. larsoni , below.

Distribution ( Fig. 37 ). Based on the specimens examined, the distribution is definitely southwestern in the U.S. (primarily in southern California) with a few records from adjoining states. As mentioned above for E. senecionis , the distribution of E. longicornis presented here is incomplete; additional studies of the Neotropical fauna is required for a complete geographic range of this species.

Non-type material examined. MEXICO. Baja California . 0.5 mi. N. Cerro Prieto [32.449098, - 115.373615], 100’, 18.vii.1969, S.C. Williams & V.F. Lee, ( CASC, 1); San Telmo Cn, San Pedro Matir [= Sierrade San Pedro Martír] [30.737383, -115.204840], 30.v.1981, Werner, Olson, Hetz, Thomas, Burne, Frank, MacLachlan, ( UAIC, 1); 30.3 mi. E. El Rosario, 24.iii.1981, D. Faulkner & F. Andrews, ( CSCA, 1). Baja California Sur . 2.8 mi. SSE of Todos Santos [23.408473, -110.209359], 25.xii.1958, H.B. Leech, by beating dead leaves of living Yucca valida , ( CASC, 1). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Arizona . Mojave Co. Oatman [35.026305, -114.383273], 16.iv.1937, Michelbacher, ( CASC, 1); 1 mi E of Sitgreaves Pass , 35.0374° -114.3483°, 970m , 19.iii.2015, beating Yucca, M. Gimmel, L. Indruchová , ( DAPC, 2; MLGC, 1). California . Eldorado Co. Shingle Springs, 20.iv.1974, raisin bran trap, I. Savage, ( CSCA, 1). Riverside Co. Terwilliger Rd. S. of Anza , 33°27’30”N, 116°38’2”W [33.458333, -116.633889], 15-16.v.2009, Ent. 109, ( UCRC, 1). Joshua Tree National Park, 0.7 mi. S. Squaw Tank [33.918793, -116.075632], 27.v.1967, E.L. Sleeper & S.L. Jenkins, ( CASC, 8) ; same locality and collectors, 10-6-1966 ( CASC, 7); 11.xi.1966, ( CASC, 2); 3.xii.1966, ( CASC, 1); 6.iv.1966, ( CASC, 5); 22.x.1966, ( CASC, 1); 8.iv.1967, ( CASC, 2); 3.xii.1966, ( CASC, 1); 6.v.1967, ( CASC, 3; CSCA, 1) ; same locality and collectors, hanging bait, 25.ix.1965, ( CASC, 1); 26.viii.1967, ( OSUC, 1) ; same locality and collectors, hanging bait, ( CASC, 1) ; same locality and collectors, 30.iv.1965, ground trap 3, ( CASC, 1) ; same locality and collectors, 12.vi.1965, ground trap 2, ( CASC, 1); Joshua Tree National Park, Quail Guzzler, E.L. Sleeper & S.L. Jenkins, 27.v.1967, ( CASC, 9); 1.x.1966, ( CASC, 2); 23.vii.1966, ( CASC, 1); 11.xi.1966, ( CASC, 2); 9.vii.1966, ( CASC, 1); 11.vi.1966, ( CASC, 1); Joshua Tree National Park, Plsnt. Vlly [33.946074, -116.101708], Quail Guzzler, E.L. Sleeper & S.L. Jenkins, ground trap, 30.v.1965, ( CASC, 15); 15.vii.1965, ( CASC, 1); 29.vi.1965, ( CASC, 1); 14.v.1966, ( CASC, 3); Joshua Tree National Park, Plsnt. Vlly, Fried Liver Wsh [33.924774, -115.843242], E.L. Sleeper & S.L. Jenkins, ground trap, 25.vi.1966, ( CASC, 1); 26.viii.1967, ( CASC, 1); 4.vii.1966, ( CASC, 1); 23.ix.1967, ( OSUC, 1); Joshua Tree National Park, L. Covington Flat [34.027885, -116.302356], E.L. Sleeper, 23.iv.1961, ( CASC, 1); 26.vi.1960, ( CASC, 1); 24.vi.1961, ( CASC, 1); Joshua Tree National Park, U. Covington Flat [34.017024, -116.318938], E.L. Sleeper, 24.vi.1961, ( CASC, 3); 5.xi.1960, ( CASC, 1); 4.vii.1960, ( CASC, 1) ; same locality, M. Knox & E. Sleeper, 5.viii.1960, ( CASC, 1); Joshua Tree National Park, Pinyon Wells [33.895764, -116.094821], E.L. Sleeper & S.L. Jenkins, 27.v.1967, ( CASC, 1); 24.vi.1967, ( CASC, 1); 30.v.1965, ( CASC, 1); Joshua Tree National Park, Pleasant Vlly, E.L. Sleeper & S.L. Jenkins, 21.ii.1965, ( CASC, 1); 25.ix.1965, ground trap, ( CASC, 1); 25.ix.1965, hanging bait, ( CASC, 1); 29.vii.1967, ( OSUC, 1); 30.v.1965, hang bait, ( CASC, 1); 14.v.1966, hanging bait, ( CASC, 1); 9.vii.1966, ground trap, ( CASC, 1); 11.vi.1966, hanging bait, ( CASC, 1); 25.vi.1966, hanging bait, ( CASC, 1); 23.vii.1966, ground trap, ( CASC, 1); 9.vii.1966, ( CASC, 1); 12.xi.1966, hanging bait, ( CASC, 1); 11.xi.1966, ground trap, ( CASC, 1); 3.xii.1966, ground trap, ( CASC, 1); 7.v.1967, ( CASC, 1); 29.vii.1967, hanging bait, ( CASC, 1); 4.iii.1967, ground trap, ( CASC, 1); 27.v.1967, ground trap, ( CASC, 4). Joshua Tree National Park, White Tank [33.984334, -116.016721], 30.iii.1968, E.L. Sleeper, ( CASC, 1) . 33.9692°N, 116.6521°W [33.9692, -116.6521], Whitewater Cyn, 15.v.2006, Caterino & Chatzimanolis, ( SBMNH, 1). San Bernardino Co. Hesperia [34.423527, -117.300531], 12.v.1903, H.S. Barber, ( USNM, 4); Providence Mtns., Mitchell Caverns [34.942682, -115.513254], 24.iv.1981, B.K. Dozier, ( FSCA, 1); Providence Mts. , Bonanza King Mine [34.982443, -115.506385], 23.iv.1966, C.W. O’Brien, ( FSCA, 2); Granite Mts. Reserve , Cove Spring Area [34.792, -115.63737], D. Conroy & C. Dietz, 7.v.1982, ( EMEC, 1); 5.v.1982, ( EMEC, 3); 16.v.1982, ( EMEC, 2); 19.v.1982, ( EMEC, 1). East Mojave Nat. Scenic Area [Mojave National Preserve], Hole-in-the-Wall CG [35.047518, -115.393937], 13.vi.1993, B.F. & J.L. Carr, ( CNC, 1); Hole-in-the- Wall, 14 mi. W. Kelso, 25.v.1975, T. Griswold, ( AAAC, 1); Joshua Tree National Park, Smithwater Wash [34.045998, -116.265248], 6.v.1961, E.L. Sleeper, hanging bait, ( CASC, 1); Joshua Tree National Park, Indian Cove [34.096829, -116.161228], 7.iv.1968, R.C. Stephens, ( CASC, 1); Twentynine Palms [34.133823, - 116.054161], 21.iv.1939, G.P. Mackenzie, ( UCRC, 1); Victorville [34.537388, -117.292773], 14.iv.1962, H. Ewing, ( UCRC, 1); Morongo Valley [34.046526, -116.580681], 18.iv.1955, W.R. Richards, ( CNC, 1) . 33.1403 N, 116.4542 W, UC Burns Reserve, 24.v.2005, M. Caterino, ( SBMNH, 1); Providence Mts. , 4800’, Gilroy Canyon [34.966658, -115.51388], 1.iv.1991, F.G. Andrews, beating Larrea divericata , ( CSCA, 1); San Bernardino Mts. , Santa Fe Fire Rd., 5.3 mi. SW Hwy 247 [34.361627, -116.836954], 4400’, 20.iv.1986, J. Rifkind, P. Gum, ( WBEM, 1). Localities unknown/non-georeferenced: Gold Valley , 13.iv.1964, S. Jenkins, ( CASC, 1). N W Fork Long Cyn., 12.vii.1963, E.L. Sleeper, ( CASC, 2). Nevada . Clark Co. Riverside [36.735915, -114.220368], 14.iv.1962, R. & A.R. Hardy, ( CASC, 1). Utah . Washington Co. 10 mi. SW Shivwits [37.070816, -113.875949], 16.ix.1978, S.M. Clark, ( BYUC, 2).

Figures

FIGURE 37. Distribution of Elacatis longicornis Horn (based on specimens borrowed from U.S. and Canadian collections only); map created using www.gpsvisualizer.com.

FIGURES 7–12. Dorsal habitus of Elacatis spp. 7. Elacatis longicornis Horn [CA: Riverside Co.], male, TL = 4.3 mm; 8. Elacatis longicornis [CA: San Bernardino Co.], female, TL 5.1 mm; 9. Elacatis longicornis [CA: Riverside Co.], male, TL = 3.7 mm; 10. Elacatis longicornis [CA: Riverside Co.], female, TL = 4.2 mm; 11. Elacatis larsoni, n. sp. [NE: Box Butte Co.], male holotype, TL = 5.0 mm. 12. Elacatis larsoni, n. sp. [KS: Rooks Co.], female allotype, TL = 4.4 mm.

FIGURES 15–27. Distal antennomeres of Elacatis spp. 15. Elacatis fasciatus (Bland), female; 16. Elacatis immaculatus (Champion), male; 17. Elacatis immaculatus, female; 18. Elacatis senecionis (Champion), male; 19. Elacatis senecionis, female; 20. Elacatis umbrosus (LeConte), male; 21. Elacatis umbrosus (LeConte), female; 22. Elacatis longicornis Horn, male; 23. Elacatis longicornis, female; 24. Elacatis larsoni, n. sp. (male holotype); 25. Elacatis larsoni, n. sp. (female allotype); 26. Elacatis stephani, n. sp. (male holotype); 27. Elacatis stephani, n. sp. (female allotype).

FIGURES 28–33. Tegmen of male genitalia of Elacatis spp. (note: median lobe damaged/distorted in most specimens). 28. Elacatis immaculatus (Champion); 29. Elacatis senecionis (Champion); 30. E. umbrosus (LeConte); 31. Elacatis longicornis Horn; 32. Elacatis larsoni, n. sp.; 33. Elacatis stephani, n. sp.