Cryptopidae Kohlrausch, 1881

Schileyko, Arkady A., Vahtera, Varpu & Edgecombe, Gregory D., 2020, An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses, Zootaxa 4825 (1), pp. 1-64 : 17

Family Cryptopidae Kohlrausch, 1881

Synonyms. Cryptopsidae in Machado (1953: 83)

Diagnosis. Eyes absent. Labrum with a single median tooth (only in a few species of Cryptops (Cryptops) with two additional lateral teeth; Fig. 29 ). Slender pretarsus of maxillae 2 not pectinate, more or less curved ( Figs 30, 31 ), pointed (figs 3C, 6C in Ázara & Ferreira 2013) or lobe-shaped (fig. 69 in Verhoeff 1934). Maxillary pretarsus in most species is accompanied by a ventral projection (“flange” sensu Edgecombe & Bonato 2011, Figs 30, 31 ) but never by accessory spine(s). Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite in most species bilobed, with some long enlarged marginal setae ( Fig. 26 ); rarely is this margin additionally chitinised or with short rounded projections (in Cryptops (Paracryptops) , Fig. 27 ), but never with tooth-plates. Forcipular trochantero-prefemur never with process. Sternites never with paramedian sutures, but usually with “cruciform” sutures ( Fig. 32 ), i.e. with well-developed transverse suture (sometimes with skeletal transverse ridge/thickening at its place) and with a single median longitudinal suture (more rarely sulcus) developed to varying degrees. 21 LBS; spiracles on macrosegments except for LBS 7; spiracles open, lacking flaps (fig. 4 A in Vahtera et al. 2012b). Ultimate LBS considerably shorter than the penultimate one; coxopleuron without a process. Tarsal articles of locomotory legs ( Fig. 26 ) in most species fused in a solid tarsus (with or without visible traces of an articulation between them); legs lack both tibial and tarsal spurs. Relatively short ultimate legs ( Fig. 28 ) of “pocket knife” shape (sensu Schileyko 2009) forming a kind of clasping apparatus, their femur (not always), tibia and tarsus 1 in overwhelming majority of species with characteristic saw teeth, pretarsus not enlarged. Prefemur of the ultimate legs without processes (spinous ones or saw teeth), sometimes with short enlarged setae ( Fig. 28 ). Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393) also wrote: “Median cluster of sensilla coeloconica on clypeal part of epipharynx rhomboid, with lids covering the distal edge of the sensilla… Gizzard with stiff anteriorly-directed projections; projections without a distinct kink near their midlength”.

Number of subtaxa. 1 genus, 4 subgenera.

Sexual dimorphism. Unknown.

Range. All tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions.

Remarks. Treated as a family in Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393), Vahtera et al. (2012a: 6), Edgecombe et al. (2012: 770), Lewis (2013: 1), Lewis (2016a: 575), Stojanović, Mitić & Makarov (2019: 21).

Edgecombe and Bonato (2011: 393) divided this family into two closely related genera— Cryptops and Paracryptops , and Vahtera et al. (2012a: 13) suggested (without formalizing; see below) the latter to be a synonym of the former; so at the moment this family is monotypic. According to both Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 393) and Lewis (2016a: 575) the genus Cryptops comprises four subgenera: Cryptops (Cryptops) , Trigonocryptops Verhoeff, 1906, Haplocryptops Verhoeff, 1934 and Chromatanops Verhoeff, 1906 , but we regard the latter to be a synonym of Cryptops (Cryptops) (see below).

There is certain confusion concerning structure of the pretarsus of maxillae 2 in this family (i.e. in genus Cryptops ). Attems (1930: 7) only wrote that this structure is “schlank” (slim/slender) and gave a drawing (fig. 285) of a slightly[!] curved and apically pointed claw accompanied by a well-developed and apically rounded ventral projection. In 1934 Verhoeff, describing the new subgenus C. ( Haplocryptops ), noted two types of maxillary pretarsus in Cryptops (see below). Recent authors ( Edgecombe & Koch 2008: 883, Koch et al. 2010: 77, Edgecombe & Bonato 2011: 393) describe this pretarsus only as a “hook-like and flanged”, confirming these terms by corresponding drawings or SEMs ( Figs 30, 31 ). We note, however, that this character is not stable in Cryptops , not even being subgenus-specific as five adults of C. (C.) caucasius Verhoef, 1934 (Rc 6430, 8004) and two adults of C. (C.) anomalans Newport, 1844 (Rc 7450) show this pretarsus to be slightly curved (i.e. not hooked), apically pointed and lacking any ventral projection (see also Remarks to C. ( Paracryptops ) below). Thus there should be at least four types of this pretarsus in Cryptopidae : 1. slightly curved, apically pointed, without ventral projection, 2. slightly curved, apically pointed, with ventral projection, 3. slightly curved, lobe-shaped, with ventral projection, 4. hooklike, with ventral projection.

Figures

FIGURES 26–32. Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) martinicensis Schileyko, Iorio & Coulis, 2018; Ad. paratype CIRAD P8A 26 head, forcipular segment + LBS 1–3 ventrally; Cryptops (Paracryptops) weberi Pocock, 1891; MCZ DNA 102459 27 forcipular segment ventrally; Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) martinicensis Schileyko, Iorio & Coulis, 2018; Ad. holotype MNHN 459 28 right ultimate leg medially; Cryptops (C.) caucasius Verhoeff, 1934; Ad. Rc 8003 29 cephalic plate + anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite ventrally; Cryptops australis (Newport, 1845); AM KS 30 apical part of maxilla 2 laterally; Cryptops (Paracryptops) weberi Pocock, 1891; MCZ DNA 102459 31 apical part of of maxilla 2 laterally; Cryptops (Trigonocryptops) martinicensis Schileyko, Iorio & Coulis, 2018; Ad. holotype MNHN 459 32 LBS 3 ventrally; (am)—anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite, (cl)—clypeus, (cs)—clypeal setose plate, (cst)—forcipular coxosternite, (db)—apical setae of dorsal brush, (es)—enlarged (spiniform) setae, (est)—endosternite, (l)—labrum, (lp)—lateral projection of endosternite, (ls)—long setae, (lsc)—sternal median longitudinal sulcus, (pa)—short rounded projection of anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite, (pf)—prefemur, (sl)—sternal median longitudinal suture, (sr)—sternal transverse ridge, (st)—saw teeth, (sts)—sternal transverse suture, (tgs)—sternal trigonal sutures, (ti)—tibia, (tr)—tarsungula, (vp)—ventral projection of pretarsus of maxilla 2.