Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, 1861

Károlyi, Balázs & Rédei, Dávid, 2017, Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, 1861 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), another Mediterranean bug expanding to the north, Zootaxa 4347 (2) : -

Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, 1861

( Figs. 1–3 )

Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, 1861: 331 . SynTypes: südliches Europa [= souThern Europe]; Muséum NaTional d’HisToire NaTurelle, Paris ( Orian 1965). The nomenclaTural hisTory and synonyms of The species were reViewed by Rider (2006).

Proposed Hungarian name. Rőtcsápú vándorpoloska

Material examined. Hungary, Budapest, Békásmegyer, Királyok útja, 47°35'51.9"N 19°3'59.4"E, 2nd floor balcony, at light, 24.vii.2016, leg. B. Károlyi (six males and eight females deposited in the HNHM) . New record to Hungary.

Diagnosis. Body rather uniformly green, with pronotum, costal margin of fore wing, and connexivum narrowly pale, without contrasting markings on scutellum; membrane uniformly whitish; integument smooth; head about 1.2 times as broad as its length along midline, clypeus anteriorly free; antenna contrastingly bicolorous, scape and basipedicellite green, distipedicellite and basiflagellum red except of their bases, distiflagellum red; apex of labium generally surpassing middle of abdominal ventrite III ( Figs. 1–2 ). Genitalia of the male were accurately illustrated by Linnavuori (1972), Fuente (1975), Josifov & Heiss (1989), and Ribes & Pagola-Carte (2013), and less accurately by a number of other authors.

Intraspecific variability. Overwintering individuals are reddish brown. Individuals with the head and anterior portion of pronotum being pale yellow occur sporadically in all populations in low frequency.

Bionomics, economic importance. The species is apparently polyphagous, feeding on both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Published data on its host plants were summarized by Ribes & Pagola-Carte (2013) and Ghahari et al. (2014). Mehrnejad (2010) claimed that it is a significant pest of the pistachio, Pistacia vera L. ( Anacardiaceae ) in Iran; besides its direct damage, it is also a vector of Eremothecium coryli (Peglion) Kurtzman (Saccharomycetaceae) , a plant pathogen fungus causing stigmatomycosis ( Ershad & Barkhordary 1974).

Distribution. A Holomediterranean-Turanian species ( Carapezza 1997, Ribes & Pagola-Carte 2013). Its distribution was summarized by Rider (2006), Aukema et al. (2013b) and Ribes & Pagola-Carte (2013); a rather incomplete distribution map was provided by Tamanini (1981: 135, fig. 45) which is updated now ( Fig. 3 ). In the Mediterraneum the distribution of the species strictly follows the vegetational zone of Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub; in the Middle East, however, it extends far into the zone of temperate deciduous and mixed forests eastwards.

The species has been recorded from Iraq by Al-Ali (1968, 1977) and a few subsequent authors; all of these records are doubtful, some of them, e.g. the one by Augul et al. (2015: 125, fig. 2a) are evidently based on misidentification and pertain to other species, most probably A. breviceps (Jakovlev, 1889) . Records from “Arabien” [= Arabia, referring either to Saudi-Arabia or the Arabian Peninsula] and Socotra (Distant 1903, Stichel 1961) are erroneous and at least partly pertain to A. arabicum Wagner, 1959 ( Linnavuori & Al-Safadi 1993); the voucher specimen referred to by Distant could not be found in the Natural History Museum, London, and the species was not collected during a recent thorough faunistic exploration of Socotra (A. Carapezza & P. Kment, pers. comm.).

The species has been recorded from Madagascar (Signoret 1861, as Rhaphygaster incerta), but no subsequent author confirmed this record ( Cachan 1952), therefore its occurrence in the island is considered as doubtful; Signoret’s record is probably based on mislabelled or misidentified specimens and it potentially pertains to Chinavia bergrothi (Horváth, 1904) . Old records from Belgian Congo, now Democratic Republic of the Congo ( Schouteden 1909), British and Dutch East Africa, now Kenya ad Tanzania ( Jeannel 1913) were considered as questionable by Linnavuori (1972). The figure of the genital capsule drawn after a male from East Africa (Kilimanjaro, Tanzania) ( Cachan 1952: 442, fig. 525) is apparently different from the condition found in A. heegeri (posterior margin distinctly concave at midline, not nearly transversely truncate as in A. heegeri ) and therefore probably shows another species. Therefore we consider all Afrotropical records, including those listed above as well as those provided by Distant (1901), Schouteden (1905, 1929), Villiers (1950, 1952, 1954, 1956) and Robertson (2009) as in need of confirmation. The records from the Seychelles (Distant 1913, Orian 1965, Roche 1977, Gerlach 2003, Gerlach et al. 2006) are controversial and data published by different authors are conflicting, therefore we consider the presence of the species in the Seychelles and the Mascarene Archipelago as in need of verification.

The available information on the distribution of the species is summarized below. For countries for which comprehensive faunistic studies summarizing earlier literature are available, e.g. Italy ( Servadei 1967), the former Yugoslav countries ( Protić 2001), Iran ( Ghahari et al. 2014), Spain and France ( Ribes & Pagola-Carte 2013), earlier references are not cited.

EUROPE. Spain: numerous localities in Navarra, Aragón, Catalunya, Valencia, Madrid, Andalucia, Baleares: Eivissa Is., Mallorca Is., Menorca Is., Cabrera Is. ( Ribes & Pagola-Carte 2013). Portugal: Beja ( Oliveira 1895), Alfeite ( Seabra 1926), Várzea da Orada, Serra de Monchique ( Pissarro 1951). France: numerous localities in the Departments of Pyrénées-Orientales, Aude, Hérault, Gard, Ardèche, Vaucluse, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes- Maritimes, Alpes de Haute Provence, and Corse ( Ribes & Pagola-Carte 2013). Monaco ( Ponel et al. 2013). Italy: Liguria, Emilia Romagna, Toscana, Umbria, Lazio, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicilia, Sardegna, Giglio Is., Tremiti Is., Pantelleria Is. ( Servadei 1967, Tamanini 1981, Carapezza 1995). Slovenia: Dragonja, Pišine ( Gogala 2008). Croatia: Rijeka, Sveta Jelena, Vrana, Kaštel Stari, Sućurac, Split, Janjina, Dubrovnik, Korčula Is., Trstenik Is., Lopud Is. ( Protić 2001), Lošinj Is. ( Furlan & Gogala 1995). Bosnia and Herzegovina: Domanovići ( Protić 2001). Montenegro: Stari Bar, Kotor ( Protić 2001). Albania: Lushnjë ( Misja 1973). Hungary: Budapest (new record). Romania: Moldova Nouă ( Kis 1984). Bulgaria: Sandanski ( Göllner-Scheiding & Arnold 1988), Kresna Gorge (Simov 2001). Macedonia: Udovo, Stari Dojran ( Protić 2001). Greece: Kalambaka ( Günther 1990), Argolis ( Ribes & Pagola-Carte 2013), Crete: several localities ( Heiss 1983, Heckmann et al. 2015). Ukraine: Yalta, Alushta (Jakovlev 1906); earlier records from Kharkiv are erroneous (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996). Russia: Caucasus ( Kerzhner & Jaczewski 1964). Turkey (European part): Karaağaç (Fent & Aktaç 2007). — ASIA. Turkey (Asian part): Adana, Antalya, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Hatay, İzmir, Manisa, Mersin, Muğla, Kayseri, Şanlıurfa Provinces ( Önder et al. 2006), Manavgat, Posof, Artvin, Şenkaya, Erenköy, Kemaliye, Datça, Trabzon ( Külekçi et al. 2009), Osmangazi ( Gençer et al. 2004), Tapan, Ekbaz (Hoberlandt 1956), Atabey (Karsavuran et al. 2008), Bursa ( Kaya & Kovanci 2004), Mardin (Özgen et al. 2005), Aksu, Kepez, Serik, Karacabey, İspir, Kahramanmaraş (Yazici et al. 2014), Bodrum (Tezcan et al. 2013), Kayseri ( Ribes & Pagola-Carte 2013). Cyprus: Akrotiri ( Lindberg 1948). Syria ( Frey-Gessner 1881). Israel: env. of Jericho (Hoberlandt 1952), Rehovot ( Linnavuori 1960). Jordan: several localities around Amman (Katbeh et al. 2000). Georgia: Sukhumi ( Kiritshenko 1939). Azerbaijan: Aresch [= Agdash] (Sienkiewicz 1964), Absheron, Agdzhabedin [= Aghjabadi] Shamkhor [= Shamkir] Distr., Kirovabad [= Ganja] (Gidayatov 1982). Iraq? ( Al-Ali 1968, 1977). Iran: Ardabil, Bushehr, Fars, Hormozgan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, East Azarbaijan, Golestan, Guilan, Mazandaran, Kerman, Khorasan, Sistan & Baluchestan, Tehran ( Ghahari et al. 2014). Afghanistan: Sarobi [= Surobi] (Hoberlandt 1984). Pakistan: Rahim Yar Khan ( Ahmad & Rana 1989). — NORTH AFRICA. Madeira ( Ribes & Heiss 2008). Canary Islands: Tenerife ( Aukema et al. 2006), La Palma ( Aukema et al. 2013a). Morocco: Debdou, Oudja, Berkane, Ras Foughal, Fès [= Fez], Asni, Dar Drius ( Vidal 1937, 1949), Marrakech [= Marrakesh] ( Ribes & Pagola-Carte 2013). Algeria: Biskra ( Lethierry 1889, Deghiche-Diab et al. 2015), Tahount Arak, Mouydir, Imarera, Amguid ( Bergevin 1934), Oued R[h]iou, Chellala, Teniet el Haad [= Theniet el Had], Mt. Ouarsenis, Tiaret (Sienkiewicz 1964), Oued Marsa ( Wagner 1965), Boufarik ( Ribes & Pagola-Carte 2013). Tunisia: Hadjeb el Aioun [= Hajeb El Ayoun], Porto Farina [= Ghar al Milh], Kairouan (Sienkiewicz 1964), Korbous, Téboursouk, Tabarka, Barrage Mellègue, Ousseltia, Thala, Gafsa ( Carapezza 1997). Libya: Tripoli, Mellaha, El Giofra ( Mancini 1937), Serti [= Sirte], Jebel Akhdar Messa, El Merj [= Marj], Tobruck [= Tobruk] ( Eckerlein & Wagner 1970). Egypt: Cairo, Meadi, Siwa ( Linnavuori 1964), Zaranik Protectorate ( El-Moursy et al. 2001). — AFROTROPICAL REGION. Senegal? ( Villiers 1956). Mali? ( Robertson 2009). Niger? ( Villiers 1950, 1954). Benin? ( Villiers 1952). Nigeria? ( Robertson 2009). Sudan? ( Villiers 1956). Ethiopia? ( Schouteden 1905, 1929). Eritrea? ( Robertson 2009). Gabon? (Distant 1901). Democratic Republic of the Congo? ( Schouteden 1909). Kenya? ( Jeannel 1913). Tanzania? ( Jeannel 1913). Madagascar? (Signoret 1861). Rodrigues Is.? ( China 1926). Seychelles?: Mahé Is.?, Silhouette Is.?, Aride Is.? ( Roche 1977, Gerlach 2003, Madl 2006).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 3. Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, 1861. Fig. 1, a male collecTed in BudapesT, dorsal View; Fig. 2, same, VenTral View (scale bar in mm); Fig. 3, geographic disTribuTion in The PalaearcTic Region. LocaliTies in The Arab Peninsula are omiTTed. WhiTe circles represenT preVious liTeraTure records, red circle indicaTe The new record. The Zone of MediTerranean foresTs, woodlands and scrub is marked wiTh red.