Olivierus mikhailovi, Fet & Kovařík & Gantenbein & Graham, 2021

Fet, Victor, Kovařík, František, Gantenbein, Benjamin & Graham, Matthew R., 2021, Three new species of Olivierus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, Zootaxa 5006 (1), pp. 54-72 : 56-66

Olivierus mikhailovi sp. n.

Figs 1–44 , Table I

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Mesobuthus caucasicus parthorum (nec Pocock, 1889): Fet 1989: 106–107 (in part); Fet, 1994: 528 (in part).

Mesobuthus caucasicus intermedius (nec Birula, 1897): Fet 1989: 107, 110–111 (in part).

Olivierus caucasicus parthorum (nec Pocock, 1889): Fet & Lowe 2000: 192 (in part).

Mesobuthus gorelovi Fet et al. 2018: 21 ( Kazakhstan, in part; Uzbekistan, in part); Graham et al. 2019: 801 (Central clade) ( Kazakhstan: Chardara; Uzbekistan: Kokushtuvan).

THREE NEW SPECIES OF OLIVIERUS FROM KAZAKHSTAN & UZBEKISTAN Zootaxa 5006 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press · 57 THREE NEW SPECIES OF OLIVIERUS FROM KAZAKHSTAN & UZBEKISTAN Zootaxa 5006 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press · 59

TABLE I. Comparative measurements of types of Olivierus gorelovi and O. mikhailovi sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L),

width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D).

Type Material: Holotype ♂ (fragmented, Table 1), Uzbekistan, Buxoro [Bukhara] Province , Romitan District , between Buxoro (Bukhara) and Gazli, 12 km NW of Kokushtuvan, 40.0838°N, 64.0672°E, 206 m asl, 11.V.2002, leg. V. Fet & A. Gromov ( FKCP). The holotype is a part of the paratype series of O. gorelovi .

Paratypes ( FKCP; Figs 1–44 , Table 1): Uzbekistan , Buxoro Province, same label as holotype, 1 juv. (part of paratype series of O. gorelovi ) . Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan Province, 5 km west of Chardara ( Shardara ), 41.2705°N 67.8839°E, 250 m asl, 23–24.V.2016, 1♀ juv., leg. P. Kučera ; Turkistan Province, Beltau Mts. , 41.8413°N 68.5417°E, 392 m a. s. l., 12–13.V.2017, 1♂ 3♀ 1juv., leg. A. A. Fomichev.

Other material studied: Uzbekistan, Buxoro Province , same label as holotype, 1♀ juv. (fragmented, VF-3030- 8) ( FKCP) .

Distribution. Kazakhstan (South Kazakhstan Province; Turkistan Province); Uzbekistan (Buxoro Province) ( Fig. 109 ).

Etymology. The new species name is a patronym honoring Kirill G. Mikhailov (Moscow), a prominent Russian arachnologist and publisher.

Diagnosis. This cryptic species differs from O. gorelovi by the following molecular characters: COI differs by 15 nucleotide substitutions and an uncorrected p-distance of 0.0325 (see Table III; data for type locality haplotypes).

Dеscription. (♂ ♀). Total length of adult males 50–52, 68– 75 in adult females. Trichobothrium db on fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria est and esb, near to est. Fingers margins undulate in both sexes, little bit more in males. Pedipalp chela length/ width ratio 3.5–3.7 in males and 4.3–4.5 in females. Pectinal teeth number 26–28 in males, 21–23 in females. Chelicerae yellow, without reticulation. Pedipalps and metasoma very sparsely hirsute. Color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown, black pigmented metasomal segment V ventrally, and carapace anteriorly. Femur of pedipalp with 4–5 granulate carinae. Patella with 8 granulated or smooth carinae. Chela with smooth carinae indicated. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 13 cutting rows of denticles and 5 terminal denticles. Seventh sternite bears 4 well marked granulate carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second to fourth with 8 carinae, other two carinae on metasomal segment II indicated by several denticles posteriorly; fifth with 5 carinae. All carinae granulated by consistent small blunt denticles. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment 1.8–1.9 in males, 1.7–1.8 in females. Telotarsus III ventral setation represented by main row which contains ca 15 setae. Second parallel row contains not more than 9 setae. Pedal spur of legs hirsute.

Olivierus tarabaevi sp. n.

Figs 45–85 , Table II

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Mesobuthus caucasicus parthorum (nec Pocock, 1889): Fet 1989: 104 (in part); Fet 1994: 528 (in part).

Mesobuthus caucasicus intermedius (nec Birula, 1897): Fet 1989: 107 (in part); Gromov & Kopdykbaev 1994: 20; Sun & Zhu 2010: 3 , figs 2, 11–13; Sun & Sun 2011: 61, figs 3–4, 10.

Olivierus caucasicus parthorum (nec Pocock, 1889): Fet & Lowe 2000: 192 (in part).

Mesobuthus caucasicus (nec Nordmann, 1840): Gantenbein et al. 2003: 413 ( Kazakhstan, in part: Baigakum; Kapchagai)

Mesobuthus gorelovi Fet et al. 2018: 21 ( Kazakhstan, in part); Graham et al. 2019: 807 (Northern clade) ( Kazakhstan, in part: Baigakum; Kapchagai)

THREE NEW SPECIES OF OLIVIERUS FROM KAZAKHSTAN & UZBEKISTAN Zootaxa 5006 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press · 61 THREE NEW SPECIES OF OLIVIERUS FROM KAZAKHSTAN & UZBEKISTAN Zootaxa 5006 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press · 63

TABLE II. Comparative measurements of types of Olivierus tarabaevi sp. n. and O. voldemari sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D).

Type material: Holotype ♀ ( Figs 45–46 , 51–52 , 57, 61–63 , 75–85 , Table 2), Kazakhstan: Kyzylorda Province , Shieli (Chiili) District, ca 2.5 km NW of Baigakum (=Djulek, Dzhulek), 44.65°N 66.02°E, 127–143 m asl, 25.V.2002, leg. V. Fet & A. Gromov (VF-3003) ( FKCP). The holotype is a part of the paratype series of O. gorelovi .

Paratypes ( FKCP): Kazakhstan: Almaty Province, Kapchagai, 4 km down to Ili River , V.2002, 43.85°N 77.0667°E, 1♀ (fragmented), leg. A. Gromov (VF-3009) . Kyzylorda Province, same label as holotype, 1♂ juv. (part of paratype series of O. gorelovi ), 1♂ (figs 47–50, 53–56, 58–60, 64–74, Table 2) 1juv (fragmented), leg. V. Fet & A. Gromov.

Other material studied: Kazakhstan: Kyzylorda Province , same label as holotype, 137 m asl, 1juv (fragmented), leg. V. Fet & A. Gromov ( FKCP) .

Distribution. Kazakhstan (Almaty Province; Kyzylorda Province) (fig. 109).

Etymology. The new species name is a patronym honoring Chingis Tarabaev (1951–1999), a prominent Kazakh arachnologist who was instrumental in promoting arachnological research in Kazakhstan.

Diagnosis. This cryptic species differs from O. gorelovi by the following molecular characters: COI differs by 16 nucleotide substitutions and a p-distance оf 0.0390 (see Table III; data for type locality haplotypes).

Description. (♂ ♀). Total length of adult male 48, 64– 66 in adult females. Trichobothrium db on fixed finger of pedipalp situated between trichobothria est and esb, near to est. Fingers margins undulate in both sexes. Pedipalp chela length/width ratio 4.14 in male and 4.1–4.2 in females. Pectinal teeth number 24–27 in males, 19–22 in females. Chelicerae yellow, without reticulation. Pedipalps and metasoma very sparsely hirsute. Color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown, black pigmented metasomal segment V ventrally, and carapace anteriorly. Femur of pedipalp with 4–5 granulate carinae. Patella with 8 granulated or smooth carinae. Chela with smooth carinae indicated. Movable fingers of pedipalps with 12–13 cutting rows of denticles and 5 terminal denticles. Seventh sternite bears 4 well marked granulate carinae. First metasomal segment with 10 carinae; second to fourth with 8 carinae, other two carinae on metasomal segment II indicated by several denticles posteriorly; fifth with 5 carinae. All carinae granulated by consistent small blunt denticles. Length to width ratio of fourth metasomal segment 1.9 in male, 1.7–1.8 in females. Telotarsus III ventral setation represented by main row which contains ca 15 setae. Second parallel row contains not more than 9 setae. Pedal spur of legs hirsute.

Notes. The type locality of Olivierus tarabaevi sp. n. is Baigakum (formerly Djulek ) in the Kyzylkum Desert near Syr Darya River ( Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda Province ). There, the very first biological observations on Central

THREE NEW SPECIES OF OLIVIERUS FROM KAZAKHSTAN & UZBEKISTAN Zootaxa 5006 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press · 65

Asian scorpions were made by Evgenii N. Pavlovsky a century ago ( Pavlovsky 1916a,b). The world-famous Baikonur spaceport (established in 1955) is located nearby. The locality was last visited by VF and A. Gromov in May 2002; based on their field material, Baigakum was also designated as a type locality for two other scorpion species: Anomalobuthus pavlovskyi Teruel, Kovařík & Fet, 2018 and Orthochirus melanurus (Kessler, 1874) ( Kovařík et al. 2020; Teruel et al. 2018).

Figures

FIGURE 109. A time-calibrated phylogeny for Olivierus species in Central Asia: Olivierus mikhailovi sp. n., O. tarabaevi sp. n., O. voldemari sp. n., and O. gorelovi (adapted from Graham et al., 2019, fig. 4). The tree is based on two mitochondrial (COI & 16S) and one nuclear (ITS-2) markers. Horizontal bars represent highest posterior densities (95%) around mean date estimates. Nodes with black dots were supported with high posterior support (>95). Vertical bars represent different species based on the most conservative consensus of three species delimitation approaches (PTP, GMYC, & ABGD). Abbreviations: KZ, Kazakhstan; TM, Turkmenistan; UZ, Uzbekistan. See Graham et al. (2019) for additional information.

FIGURES 1–4. Olivierus mikhailovi sp. n., paratypes from Kazakhstan, Turkistan Province, Beltau Mts. 1–2. Male, dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. 3–4. Female, dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURES 5–14. Olivierus mikhailovi sp. n., paratypes from Kazakhstan, Turkistan Province, Beltau Mts. 5, 7, 9–14. Male, carapace and tergites I–III (5), sternopectinal region and sternite III (7), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (9–12), right chelicera in dorsal (13) and ventral (14) views. Figures 6, 8. Female, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (6), and sternopectinal region and sternite III (8).

FIGURES 15–22. Olivierus mikhailovi sp. n., paratypes from Kazakhstan, Turkistan Province, Beltau Mts. Figures 15, 17–19. Male, telson lateral (15) and metasoma and telson, lateral (17), dorsal (18), and ventral (19) views. Figures 16, 20–22. Female, telson lateral (16) and metasoma and telson, lateral (20), dorsal (21), and ventral (22) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (17–22).

FIGURES 23–44. Olivierus mikhailovi sp. n., paratypes from Kazakhstan, Turkistan Province, Beltau Mts., pedipalp segments. Figures 23–33. Male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (23), external (24), and ventral (25) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (26), external (27) and ventral (28) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, dorsal (29), internal (30), and ventral (31) views. Movable (32) and fixed (33) fingers dentition. Figures 34–44. Female, pedipalp chela, dorsal (34), external (35), and ventral (36) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (37), external (38) and ventral (39) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, dorsal (40), internal (41), and ventral (42) views. Movable (43) and fixed (44) fingers dentition. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 35–38, 40–41 by white circles.

FIGURES 45–48. Olivierus tarabaevi sp. n. Figures 45–46. Female holotype, dorsal (45) and ventral (46) views. Figures 47–48. Male paratype, dorsal (47) and ventral (48) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURES 49–55. Olivierus tarabaevi sp. n. Figures 49–50, 53–55. Male paratype, carapace and tergites (49), sternopectinal region and sternites (50), left legs II–IV, retrolateral aspect (53–55). Figures 51–52. Female holotype, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (51), and sternopectinal region and sternite III (52).

FIGURES 56–63.Olivierus tarabaevi sp. n. Figures 56, 58–60. Male paratype, telson lateral (56) and metasoma and telson, lateral (58), dorsal (59), and ventral (60) views. Figures 57, 61–63. Female holotype, telson lateral (57) and metasoma and telson, lateral (61), dorsal (62), and ventral (63) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (58–60, 61–63).

FIGURES 64–85. Olivierus tarabaevi sp. n., pedipalp segments. Figures 64–74. Male paratype, pedipalp chela, dorsal (64), external (65), and ventral (66) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (67), external (68) and ventral (69) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, dorsal (70), internal (71), and ventral (72) views. Movable (73) and fixed (74) fingers dentition. Figures 75–85. Female holotype, pedipalp chela, dorsal (75), external (76), and ventral (77) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (78), external (79) and ventral (80) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, dorsal (81), internal (82), and ventral (83) views. Movable (84) and fixed (85) fingers dentition. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 76–79, 81–82 by white circles.