Telamonini

Wallace, Matthew S., 2014, The host plants of the Telamonini treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae) and the first diagnoses of nymphs for 14 species, Zootaxa 3878 (2), pp. 146-166 : 156-163

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3878.2.2
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9AA56D9F-FBAA-4947-9ECA-C4C7569890BD
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E09018-F906-FFD3-FF6D-FBF0CFA5FC47
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Telamonini
status

Treatment

New Telamonini nymph morphological diagnoses and collection records

The species list below is a record of original nymphal data accumulated during collections and rearings of nymphs in this study. “NEW NYMPH RECORD” (eight species) indicates species where the nymphal stage was positively identified and illustrated for the first time by associating the 5 th instar exuvia with the reared adult (except Heliria cornutula , where only late nymphal instars were collected). “NEW ILLUSTRATION” (seven species) indicates species where the nymphal stage is illustrated for the first time; a brief morphological description, a host plant association, or a brief life history description was published in the literature (these studies are briefly annotated below), but nymphs were not illustrated. All specimens were collected by the author. Nymphal morphological diagnoses and remarks are also provided for all species; all but A. belfragei are the first published descriptions of any kind. Future publications will provide more detailed descriptions of the morphological diversity of Telamonini nymphs.

During field collections, numerous examples of crypsis were observed with regards to telamonine nymph morphology and their host plants ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ). Throughout their development, telamonine nymphs are defenseless insects unable to fly, and their survival likely relies on their cryptic shape and coloration that make them appear to be a part of their host plant.

Archasia belfragei View in CoL (NEW ILLUSTRATION): NJ: Ocean Co.: New Egypt, Colliers Mills Wildlife Management Area, 40.068957, -74.438674: 1 nymph collected on 28-V-2013, reared on Quercus stellata View in CoL ; 1 nymph collected on 3-VI-2014, reared on Q. velutina View in CoL . PA: Long Pond, nr. Kuhenbeaker Rd., 41.027944, -75.458377: 1 nymph collected on 16-VI-2014, reared on Q. ilicifolia View in CoL ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 3A View FIGURE 3 ). [ Ball (1931) gave a simple morphological description of the nymph and Dietrich et al. (1999) noted nymphs and adults have been collected from Q. alba View in CoL .]

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Body with mixed light and dark maculations, pronotum and wing pads brown; body surface appearing smooth with chalazae very reduced. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum tall and distinctly rounded. Paired mesonotal protuberances very small and rounded, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli absent on terga III–VII, extremely reduced on tergum VIII.

Remarks. The above nymphal features, notably the lack of obvious abdominal dorsal scoli, are similar to those seen in Helonica excelsa , Telamona decorata , T. extrema , and T. woodruffi . Notably, the mostly featureless abdomen of A. belfragei differs greatly from A. auriculata , which has long abdominal dorsal scoli on terga III–VIII (Wallace pers. obs.). The abdomen of A. pallida , however, more closely resembles A. belfragei (long abdominal scoli absent) (Wallace pers. obs.).

Glossonotus crataegi (NEW ILLUSTRATION): PA: Monroe Co.: Blakeslee , Austin T. Blakeslee Natural Area, 41.086086, -75.586497: 2 nymphs collected on 30-VI-2014, reared on Crataegus sp. ( Figs. 1B View FIGURE 1 , 3B View FIGURE 3 ). [ Brimley (1961) provided information on the phenology of nymphs.] GoogleMaps

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 1B View FIGURE 1 , 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Light-colored, with pronounced dark areas on metopidium, pronotum, wing pads, and anterior abdominal terga; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum with distinct anterior horn, with smaller posterior protuberance. Paired mesonotal protuberances large and cone-like, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga IV–VIII, scolus IV long (about equal to length of tergum) and pointing dorsally, scoli on terga V–VIII extremely reduced, scoli on tergum III variable.

Remarks. The presence of only one long abdominal scolus on tergum IV has not been seen in any other Glossonotus or telamonine species.

Glossonotus turriculatus (NEW NYMPH RECORD): NJ: Monmouth Co.: Freehold Twnshp., Turkey Swamp Wildlife Management Area , 40.196656, -74.301724: 1 nymph collected on 3-VI-2014, reared on Quercus alba ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ). Body with mixed light and dark maculations, but with pronounced dark areas on metopidium, pronotum, wing pads, and a small lateral band on the abdominal terga; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances large. Pronotum with distinct anterior horn, smaller posterior protuberance absent. Paired mesonotal protuberances large and cone-like, paired metanotal protuberances very small and cone-like. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, only tips pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga III–V very long (greater than 2X length of terga, IV longest), scoli on terga VI–VIII long (about equal to length of terga).

Remarks. The meso- and metanotal protuberances and the abdominal scoli (scoli on terga III–V longest) are similar to those of Heliria cornutula , and to a lesser degree, H. fitchi and Telamona tristis .

Glossonotus univittatus (NEW ILLUSTRATION): PA: Monroe Co.: Long Pond, nr. Kuhenbeaker Rd., 41.027944, -75.458377: 1 nymph collected on 17-VI-2013, reared on Quercus ilicifolia . East Stroudsburg, ESU Campus, practice soccer fields, 41.000615, -75.161676: 2 nymphs collected on 22-VI-2014, reared on Q. velutina ; 3 nymphs collected on 29-VI-2014, reared on Q. velutina . East Stroudsburg, Zacharias Pond Park, 41.012395, -75.178294: 1 nymph collected on 22-V-2014, reared on Q. rubra ( Figs. 1D View FIGURE 1 , 3C View FIGURE 3 ). [ Brimley (1961) collected nymphs and Kopp and Yonke (1974) reared nymphs on Q. alba .]

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 1D View FIGURE 1 , 3C View FIGURE 3 ). Body with mixed light and dark maculations; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances absent. Pronotum with distinct short anterior horn, smaller posterior protuberance absent. Paired mesonotal protuberances small and rounded, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, scoli on terga IV–VI short (less than length of terga) and pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga III, VII, and VIII extremely reduced.

Remarks. The unique combination of abdominal scoli (short and extremely reduced) distinguishes G. univittatus from the three other species of Glossonotus and any other telamonine viewed thus far.

Heliria cornutula (NEW NYMPH RECORD): NJ: Monmouth Co.: Freehold Twnshp., Turkey Swamp Wildlife Management Area, 40.196656, -74.301724: 2 late instar nymphs collected on 29-VI-2013, on Liquidambar styraciflua ; 2 late instar nymphs collected on 9-VII-2013, on L. styraciflua ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ). [Nymphs were not successfully reared to the adult stage but some nymphs molted to the 5 th instar while feeding on this host. Based on accounts in the literature ( Ball 1931), these nymphs are very likely H. cornutula .]

Diagnosis of 5 th instar nymph ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ). Light colored, body also with scattered dark maculations; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances large. Pronotum low and irregular in shape dorsally, with anterior and posterior projections, and with two antero-lateral projections. Paired mesonotal protuberances large and cone-like, paired metanotal protuberances small and cone-like. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, only tips pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga III–V very long (greater than 2X length of terga, IV longest), scoli on terga VI–VIII long (about equal to length of terga).

Remarks. The meso- and metanotal protuberances and the abdominal scoli (scoli III–V longest) are very similar to those seen in Glossonotus turriculatus , and to a lesser degree, Heliria fitchi and Telamona tristis .

Heliria fitchi (NEW NYMPH RECORD): PA: Lehigh Co.: Bethlehem , Clearview Park, 40.635627, -75.420818: 1 nymph collected on 9-VI-2014, reared on Quercus alba ( Figs. 1F View FIGURE 1 , 3D View FIGURE 3 ) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 1F View FIGURE 1 , 3D View FIGURE 3 ). Dark colored, body also with scattered light maculations; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum low and irregular in shape dorsally, with anterior and posterior projections. Paired mesonotal protuberances small and cone-like, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga III–V long (about equal to length of terga, IV longest), scoli on terga VI–VIII short (less than length of terga).

Remarks. The characteristics of the abdominal scoli (scoli III–V longest) most closely resemble those of Glossonotus turriculatus , Heliria cornutula , and T. tristis (although the scoli are generally shorter in H. fitchi ).

Helonica excelsa (NEW NYMPH RECORD): PA: Monroe Co.: Stony Acres, Marshalls Creek Rd., 41.100307, - 75.146696: 1 nymph collected on 5-VI-2014, reared on Quercus velutina . Cresco, Skywood Park, 41.130979, - 75.279504: 1 nymph collected on 9-VI-2014, reared on Q. alba ( Figs. 1G View FIGURE 1 , 3E View FIGURE 3 ).

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 1G View FIGURE 1 , 3E View FIGURE 3 ). Body with mixed light and dark maculations; body surface appearing smooth with chalazae very reduced. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum low with short anterior-facing horn. Paired mesonotal protuberances very small and rounded, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli absent on terga III–VIII.

Remarks. The short anterior facing horn is a unique character to this species, but the remaining features, including the smooth body surface, thoracic protuberances, and abdominal scoli are very similar to those seen in Archasia belfragei , Telamona decorata , Telamona extrema , and T. woodruffi .

Telamona collina (NEW ILLUSTRATION): MD: Allegany Co.: Little Orleans, Little Orleans Campground, 39.627903, -78.389672: 1 nymph collected on 2-VI-2012, on Platanus occidentalis ( Fig. 1H View FIGURE 1 ). [This nymph was not reared to an adult, but it is assumed to be T. collina since no other treehopper is recorded from P. occidentalis . Funkhouser (1917), Ball (1931), and Osborn (1940) collected nymphs of this species from P. occidentalis .]

Diagnosis of 5 th instar nymph ( Fig. 1H View FIGURE 1 ). Brown, body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances absent. Pronotum low and quadrate. Paired mesonotal protuberances small and cone-like, paired metanotal protuberances small and cone-like. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga IV–VIII long (about equal to length of terga, scoli V & VI somewhat longer than rest), scoli on tergum III short (less than length of tergum).

Remarks. The long abdominal dorsal scoli of the middle terga and the short scoli of tergum III are similar to those seen in Telamona compacta , T. maculata , and T. tiliae .

Telamona compacta (NEW NYMPH RECORD): PA: Monroe Co.: Long Pond, nr. Kuhenbeaker Rd., 41.027944, - 75.458377: 1 nymph collected on 17-VI-2013, reared on Quercus ilicifolia . Cresco, Skywood Park, 41.130979, - 75.279504: 1 nymph collected on 9-VI-2014, reared on Q. alba ( Figs. 2A View FIGURE 2 , 3F View FIGURE 3 ).

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 2A View FIGURE 2 , 3F View FIGURE 3 ). Head and thorax with mixed light and dark maculations, anterior abdominal terga with distinct dorsolateral dark stripe, terga VII and VIII dark; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum low and quadrate. Paired mesonotal protuberances small and cone-like, paired metanotal protuberances small and cone-like. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga IV–VIII long (about equal to length of terga, scoli V & VI somewhat longer than rest), scoli on tergum III short (less than length of tergum).

Remarks. The long abdominal dorsal scoli of the middle terga and the small scoli of tergum III are similar to those seen in Telamona collina , T. maculata , and T. tiliae .

Telamona decorata (NEW ILLUSTRATION): PA: Lehigh Co.: Bethlehem, Clearview Park, 40.635627, - 75.420818: 1 nymph collected on 9-VI-2014, reared on Quercus alba . Monroe Co.: Stony Acres, Marshalls Creek Rd., 41.100307, -75.146696: 5 nymphs collected on 11-VI-2013, reared on Q. alba (4) and Q. velutina (1). East Stroudsburg, Brodhead Creek Park, N 5 th St., 41.020055, -75.205281: 2 nymphs collected on 2-VI-2014, reared on Q. velutina . Price Twnshp., Snow Hill Rd., 41.155954, -75.157887: 2 nymphs collected on 9-VI-2014, reared on Q. alba . Long Pond, nr. Kuhenbeaker Rd., 41.027944, -75.458377: 1 nymph collected on 17-VI-2013, reared on Q. ilicifolia , 1 nymph collected on 16-VI-2014, reared on Q. alba ( Figs. 2B View FIGURE 2 , 3G View FIGURE 3 ). [ Ball (1931) collected nymphs on various oaks. Mason and Loye (1981a) observed a nymph molting on Q. bicolor .]

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 2B View FIGURE 2 , 3G View FIGURE 3 ). Head and thorax with mixed light and dark maculations, abdominal tergum II dark, terga III–VI light, posterior terga with mixed light and dark maculations; body surface appearing smooth with chalazae very reduced. Head antero-dorsal protuberances absent. Pronotum low and quadrate. Paired mesonotal protuberances very small and rounded, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli absent on terga III–VII, extremely reduced on tergum VIII.

Remarks. The features of this species, including the smooth body surface, thoracic protuberances, and abdominal scoli are very similar to those seen in Archasia belfragei , Helonica excelsa , Telamona extrema , and T. woodruffi .

Telamona extrema (NEW NYMPH RECORD): PA: Monroe Co.: Long Pond , nr. Kuhenbeaker Rd., 41.027944, - 75.458377: 3 nymphs collected on 16-VI-2014, reared on Quercus ilicifolia ( Figs. 2C View FIGURE 2 , 3H View FIGURE 3 ) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 2C View FIGURE 2 , 3H View FIGURE 3 ). Body dark with scattered light maculations; body surface somewhat rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum low and quadrate. Paired mesonotal protuberances very small and rounded, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli absent on terga III–VII, extremely reduced on tergum VIII.

Remarks. The features of this species, including the thoracic protuberances and abdominal scoli are very similar to those seen in Archasia belfragei , Helonica excelsa , Telamona decorata , and T. woodruffi .

Telamona maculata (NEW NYMPH RECORD): PA: Monroe Co.: East Stroudsburg , Chipperfield Dr., 41.016670, -75.212875: 1 nymph collected on 10-VI-2014, reared on Quercus alba ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ). Body with mixed light and dark maculations, abdominal terga IV–VI light colored; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum low and quadrate. Paired mesonotal protuberances small and rounded, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga IV and V long (about equal to length of terga), scoli on terga III, VI–VIII short (less than length of terga, scoli on tergum III shortest).

Remarks. The long abdominal dorsal scoli of the middle terga and the small scoli of terga III are similar to those seen in Telamona collina , T. compacta , and T. tiliae .

Telamona tiliae (NEW ILLUSTRATION): PA: Cumberland Co.: I-81 rest area nr. exit 37, 40.132496, -77.340445: 1 nymph collected on 5-VI-2011, reared on Tilia americana ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ). [ Ball (1931), Brimley (1961), and Mason and Loye (1981a) collected nymphs on various hosts.]

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ). Head and thorax with mixed light and dark maculations; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum low and quadrate. Paired mesonotal protuberances small and rounded, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga IV–VIII long (about equal to length of terga, scoli V & VI somewhat longer than rest), scoli on tergum III short (less than length of tergum).

Remarks. The long abdominal dorsal scoli of the middle terga and the small scoli of tergum III are similar to those seen in Telamona collina , T. compacta , and T. maculata .

Telamona tristis (NEW ILLUSTRATION): PA: Monroe Co.: East Stroudsburg , Zacharias Pond Park, 41.012395, - 75.178294: 3 nymphs collected on 10-VI-2014, reared on Carpinus caroliniana ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ). [ Brimley (1961) provided information on the phenology of nymphs.] GoogleMaps

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ). Body with light and dark maculations; body surface appearing rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances small. Pronotum low and quadrate. Paired mesonotal protuberances large and cone-like, paired metanotal protuberances small and rounded. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli present on terga III–VIII, tips pointing posteriorly, scoli on terga III & V long (about equal to length of terga), scoli on terga IV very long (about 2x length of terga), scoli on terga VI–VIII short (less than length of terga).

Remarks. The meso- and metanotal protuberances and the characteristics of the abdominal scoli are similar to those seen in Glossonotus turriculatus , Heliria cornutula , and H. fitchi (although scoli not as long as those in G. turriculatus and H. cornutula ).

Telamona woodruffi (NEW NYMPH RECORD): NJ: Monmouth Co.: Freehold Twnshp., Turkey Swamp Wildlife Management Area , 40.196656, -74.301724: 1 late instar nymph collected on 17-VI-2014, on Liquidambar styraciflua ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 ) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis of 5 th instar exuvia ( Figs. 2G View FIGURE 2 ). Body mostly light colored, with scattered dark maculations; body surface somewhat rugged with numerous small chalazae. Head antero-dorsal protuberances absent. Pronotum low and quadrate. Paired mesonotal protuberances very small and rounded, paired metanotal protuberances absent. Paired abdominal dorsal scoli absent on terga III–VIII.