Onycholyda fulvicornis Shinohara

Shinohara, Akihiko & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2016, Leaf-rolling sawflies (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae, Pamphiliinae) of Tianmushan Mountains, Zhejiang Province, China, Zootaxa 4072 (3), pp. 301-318 : 305-307

Onycholyda fulvicornis Shinohara , sp. nov.

( Figs 3 , 4 )

Description. Female. Holotype ( Fig. 3 A). Length about 9 mm. Head black, with very large pale orange marks ( Fig. 3 D) covering all clypeus, malar space, lower part of gena, inner orbit to broad postocular stripe, large mark extending from inner orbit towards ocelli, large spot on frons, and minute spot just outside of lateral suture. Mouth parts pale yellow, with cardo and stipes (except for apex) of maxilla, prementum (except for apex) of labium black; mandible yellow, darkened apically and edge ferruginous. Antenna pale orange; flagellum, except for flagellomere 1, pale yellow. Thorax black, with broad posterior margin (medially broadly interrupted) of pronotum, tegula, mesoscutellum (except for anterior corner), and part of metascutellum pale yellow. Wings faintly stained with dark brown; veins and stigma blackish brown, except for pale brown veins C and Sc and veins in basal part of wings; narrow base of stigma pale yellow. Legs pale yellow, with coxae black and tibiae orange. Abdomen black, with 3rd to 6th segments and caudal part orange.

Upper frons below ocelli strongly convex, with distinct notch medially; ocellar basin deep, triangular in outline, without distinct anterolateral extension; median fovea indistinct; clypeus divided medially by rather sharply carinate frontoclypeal crest, each half shallowly concave; facial crest rather strongly inflated and very bluntly carinate. Head generally smooth; clypeus shallowly rugose with sparse, irregular punctures; gena roughly rugose and punctate. Mandible dentition almost invisible in holotype; in paratypes, right mandible tridentate, with incision between apical and median teeth much wider and deeper than incision between median and basal teeth and left one tridentate, with very low median tooth. Left antenna with 29 antennomeres and right one with 28 antennomeres; 1st flagellomere about 2.2× length of 2nd. Sawsheath ( Fig. 3 C) with long, cylindrical appendage.

Male. Paratopotype ( Fig. 3 B). Length about 8.5 mm. Head black, with all frontal surface before level of facial crest and malar space orange to yellow ( Fig. 3 E). Mouth parts as in female. Antenna entirely orange. Thorax black, with very narrow dorsal posterior margin of pronotum dark orange and tegula pale yellow. Wings and legs as in female. Abdomen black, with 3rd and more posterior segments orange; 8th tergum largely black above.

Head generally similar to other Onycholyda males. Upper frons below ocelli very strongly angularly convex, with distinct notch medially; ocellar basin deep, triangular in outline, without distinct anterolateral extension; median fovea indistinct; clypeus divided medially by sharply carinate frontoclypeal crest, each half shallowly concave; facial crest very strongly convex and sharply carinate; clypeus with anterior margin slightly thickened. Head generally smooth, with sparse, small punctures; gena roughly and shallowly rugose, punctate and pilose. Right mandible ( Fig. 3 G) tridentate, with incision between apical and median teeth much wider and deeper than incision between median and basal teeth and left one ( Fig. 3 F) tridentate, with very low median tooth. Both antennae with 29 antennomeres; 1st flagellomere about 2.0× length of 2nd. Subgenital plate with posterior margin rounded at apex. Genitalia as in Fig. 4 .

Variation. Female: Length ranges from 8.5 to 10.0 mm. The large orange area on the head is variable in size. In very pale specimens, the orange frontal spot is connected with the orange clypeus and the genal orange area and the outer edge of the postocular stripe are fused (thus all the gena is orange). The pale yellow spot on the metascutellum is sometimes missing. In one specimen from Shaanxi, the 7th abdominal segment is entirely orange above. The antennae of 11 specimens measured have 24 to 29 antennomeres, with the 1st flagellomere about 2.1 to 2.6 times as long as the 2nd. Male: Length ranges from 7.5 to 9.0 mm. The Zhejiang specimens examined rarely have the 8th abdominal tergum entirely orange, whereas all the five males from Shaanxi have entirely orange 8th abdominal terga. The antennae of 15 specimens measured have 27 to 30 antennomeres, with the 1st flagellomere about 1.7 to 2.1 times as long as the 2nd.

Specimens examined. Holotype: ♀, Kaishan Laodian, 1142 m, E119°26’05’’ N30°20’33’’, Tianmushan, Zhejiang, 11. IV. 2014, P. Hu & T. Liu (CSCS). Paratypes: Shaanxi Province: 2♂, Kaitianguan, 2000 m, Mt. Taibaishan, 24. V. 2005, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same data but 27. V. 2005 (NSMT); 1♂, same data but 30. V. 2005 (NSMT); 1♂, same data but 1. VI. 2005 (NSMT); 1♀, same data but 30. V. 2006 (NSMT); 1♀, same data but 9. VI. 2007 (NSMT). Zhejiang Province: 1♀, “Qingliangfeng, Longtangshan, 2010. IV. 27, Li Ze-Jian, N 30°06.680' E.118°54.050', alt. 930 m ” (CSCS); 1♂, Kaishan Laodian, 1150 m, Tianmushan, 9. IV. 2014, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♀ 13♂, same data but 10. IV. 2014 (NSMT); 1♀ 3♂, same data but 14. IV. 2014 (NSMT); 11♂, same data but 15. IV. 2014 (NSMT); 6♂, same data but 16. IV. 2014 (NSMT); 1♂, same data but 5. IV. 2015 (NSMT); 1♂, same data but 11. IV. 2015 (NSMT); 1♀ 10♂, same data but 12. IV. 2015 (NSMT); 1♀, Kaishan Laodian, 1142 m, E119°26’05’’ N30°20’33’’, Tianmushan, 9. IV. 2014, H.-Y. Nie & P. Hu (CSCS); 1♀ 2♂, same data but T. Liu & X.-J. Yu (CSCS); 1♀ 19♂, same locality, 10. IV. 2014, H.-Y. Nie & P. Hu (CSCS); 2♀ 10♂, same data but T. Liu & X.-J. Yu (CSCS); 4♂, same locality, 11. IV. 2014, P. Hu & T. Liu (CSCS); 2♂, same locality, 15. IV. 2014, H.-Y. Nie (CSCS); 1♀ 1♂, same data (NSMT); 2♂, Xianrending, 1443 m, E119°25’25’’ N30°20’58’’, Tianmushan, 14. IV. 2014, H.-Y. Nie & P. Hu (CSCS); 1♀, Chanyuansi, 481 m, E119°26’21’’ N30°19’26’’, Tianmushan, 15. IV. 2014, P. Hu (CSCS); 1♀, same locality, 11. IV. 2015, A. Shinohara (NSMT).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the pale yellow to pale orange antennae of the new species.

Host plant. Unknown.

Remarks. The entire frontoclypeal crest and the tridentate left mandible in both sexes place O. fulvicornis in the O. amplecta group defined by Shinohara (2002). This new species is distinguished from the other members of the species-group by the entirely pale orange or pale yellow antenna without blackish marks, the generally smooth and largely orange-marked head, the mostly black thorax, and the largely orange abdomen. Onycholyda ludingica Jiang & Wei, 2004 , from Sichuan Province resembles the new species in female, but the former is larger (10.5–11.5 mm), the head is less shiny with more distinct surface microsculpture particularly on the frons and clypeus, the pale marks on the head are pale yellowish rather than orange, and the 6th abdominal segment is black.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Onycholyda fulvicornis, ♀, holotype (A, D), ♂, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (B, E – G) and ♀, paratype, Kaishan Laodian (C). A, B, Dorsal view; C, sawsheath, lateral view; D, E, head, dorsofrontal view; F, left mandible; G, right mandible.

FIGURE 4. Onycholyda fulvicornis, ♂ genitalia, paratype, Kaishan Laodian. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, penis valve, lateral view (right dorsal).