Metaleptobasis diceras ( Selys, 1877 )

Ellenrieder, Natalia Von, 2013, <p> <strong> A revision of <em> Metaleptobasis </ em> Calvert (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with seven synonymies and the description of eighteen new species from South America </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3738 (1), pp. 1-155 : 29-32

Metaleptobasis diceras ( Selys, 1877)

Figs. 1f ; 3f ; 4f ; 5f ; 6a ; 8f ; 9f ; 10f ; 11f ; 12f ; 13b ; 14d

Leptobasis diceras Selys, 1877: 102–103 [8–9 reprint] (description ♂ ♀; ♂ missing S7–10).

Metaleptobasis diceras Calvert (1907: 386 ; inclusion in genus);— Calvert (1909: 197–198, Pl. VI, figs. 106–107; perhaps in part, illustrations of mesanepisternal horns of a possible ♂ torso from Brazil, Bahia, with distal abdominal segments of a Telagrion longum glued to it);— Sjöstedt (1918: 21; comparison with M. amazonica );— Cumming (1954: 29–31; inclusion in key to males, proposed grouping);— Heckman (2008: 396–397, fig. 3.1.456; in key, in part, illustration of ♂ mesanepisternal horns and genital ligula; illustrations from Calvert 1909 correspond to Telagrion longum );— Garrison & von Ellenrieder (2009: 48; mention);— Garrison et al. (2010: 284, figs. 1828, 1832; mention, illustrations of ♀ posterior lobe of pronotum and mesanepisternal horns).

Metaleptobasis manicaria Williamson, 1915: 603–608 ; Pl. 38 figs. 13–18; Pl. 39 figs. 1–2 (description ♂, illustrations mesanepisternal horns, S10, and wings);— Ris (1918: 130; comparison with M. foreli );— Geijskes (1932: 260–261; description ♀, illustrations posterior lobe of pronotum and mesanepisternal horns);— Cumming (1954: 29–31; inclusion in key to males, proposed grouping);— Rácenis (1955: 18, fig. 2a; in key, illustrations posterior lobe of pronotum and mesanepisternal horns of ♀);— Michalski (1988: 46; mention from Trinidad, inclusion in key);—De Marmels (1990: 327; mention);— De Marmels (1992b: 64 , fig. 46; mention, illustration of ♀ posterior lobe of pronotum);— Daigle (2004: 197; comparison with M. lillianae );— Lencioni (2006: 165, figs. 103 A–H; mention, wing scan of ♂, reproduction of drawings of ♂ S10, posterior lobe of pronotum and mesanepisternal horns of ♂ ♀);— Heckman (2008: 402–403, fig. 3.1.465; in key, illustrations from Williamson 1915 of ♂ wings, mesanepisternal horns, and S10)— Garrison & von Ellenrieder (2009: 49; mention);— Garrison et al. (2010: 284, figs. 1824,1825, 1829, 1834, 1835, 1837, 1839; mention, illustrations of ♂ head, posterior lobe of pronotum, pterothorax, wings, genital ligula, and S10);— Tennessen (2012: 95; mention). New synonymy.

Metaleptobasis fernandezi Rácenis, 1955: 18 , fig. 2b (description ♀, key, illustrations posterior lobe of pronotum and mesanepisternal horns);—De Marmels (1990: 327; mention);— Heckman (2008: 399; in key, in part; fig. 3.1.460 on page 398 from De Marmels 1992b corresponds to M. bicornis ). New synonymy.

Telagrion diceras — Lencioni (2006: 198, figs. 132 A–D; in part, illustration of syntype ♂ mesanepisternal horns and genital ligula).

Types. Lectotype ♂ * designated here: BRAZIL, Pará {1°27'S, 48°29'W}, Bates leg., [ IRSNB]; 1 ♀ paralectotype *: same data [ IRSNB].

Specimens examined. Total: 66 ♂, 15 ♀: 1 ♂ lectotype, 1 ♀ (he) paralectotype; TRINIDAD, St. Andrew County: 17 ♂, 2 ♀ (he), forest cut and forest 2 mi SE of Valencia on Eastern Main road (10°37'26''N, 61°10'55''W,

42 m), 7 iv 1980, J.A. & RWG leg. [ RWG]; 2 ♂, same but [NE]; 2 ♂, same but [ USNM]; 1 ♂, same but [ FSCA]; 1 ♂, 7 mi E Valencia (10°39'36''N, 61°7'48''W) , 7 iv 1965, TWD [ TWD]; 1 ♂, same but [ DRP]; 1 ♂, Manzanilla Ward, Tributary Oropuche River , 7 mi E Valencia {10°38'N, 61°6'W , 20 m}, 15 iv 1965, TWD leg. [ FSCA]; 2 ♂, same but 16 iv 1965, [ RHMN]; 1 ♂, same but [ RWG]; 8 ♂ paratypes of M. manicaria, Cumuto {10°35'N, 61°12'W , 57 m}, 8 iii 1912, E.B. Williamson, L.A. Williamson & B.J. Rainey leg. [ UMMZ]; 18 ♂ paratypes of M. manicaria , same but 10 iii 1912 [ UMMZ]; 2 ♂ paratypes of M. manicaria , same but [ USNM]; 4 ♂ paratypes of M. manicaria , same but [ FSCA]; 1 ♀ (he), swamp just N of Sangre Grande, on Eastern Main road (10°34'N, 61°8'W, 44 m) , 13 i 1981, RWG leg. [ RWG]; VENEZUELA: 1 ♀ (he), no locality , xii 1941, P.J. Anduze leg. [ FSCA]; Delta Amacuro State: 1 ♀ (he) holotype of M. fernandezi, Jotacuay , shaded forest along swamps and small streams , 18 xii 1952, F. Fernández Y. & J. Rácenis [ MIZA]; GUYANA, Barima-Waimi Region, 1 ♀ (an), Mabaruma {8°12'N, 59°47'W , 13 m}, 27 xii 1945 [ BMNH]; Potaro-Siparuni Region, 1 ♀ (an), Kamana {4°50'N, 59°56'W , 1002 m}, 6 i 1946 [ BMNH]; SURINAM, Sipaliwini Dis.: 1 ♂, Sipaliwini, large savannah, Mauritia swamp {2°6'N, 56°2'W }, 11 vi 1972, D.C. Geijskes leg. [ RMNH]; 2 ♂, same but , 30 vi 1972 [ RMNH]; 1 ♀ (he), same but 15 vi 1972 [ RMNH]; 1 ♂, same but small pool in forest , 11 iii 1961, D.C. Geijskes [ RMNH]; BRAZIL, Pará State: 1 ♀ (he), Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parauapebas , Buritizal I (6°5'13''S, 50°8'50''W, 682 m) , 7 ix 2006, N. Ferreira, Jr. & L.L. Dumas leg. [ DZRJ]; 2 ♂, same but 23 ix 2007, N. Ferreira, Jr. & V. Alecrim leg. [ DZRJ]; 1 ♀ (he), same but (6°4'57''S, 50°8'5''W, 682 m) , 25 iii 2006, N. Ferreira, Jr. leg. [ DZRJ]; Maranhão State: 1 ♂, Carolina, Serra Grande (7°42'8''S, 47°24'12''W), malaise trap , 13 xii 2001, F.L. Oliveira & J. Vidal leg. [ INPA]; Rondônia State: 1 ♂, Porto Velho, T 5 aleatorio (8°46'S, 63°54'W, 86 m) , 13 v 2010, Nogueira & Mendes leg. [ MZUSP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (he), Abuná {9°42'S, 65°23'W , 112 m}, 25 iii 1922, J.H. Williamson & J.W. Strohm leg. [ USNM]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (he), same but [ FSCA]; 1 ♀ (he), same but 10 iii 1922 [ UMMZ]; Bahia State: 1 ♀ (he), Bahia {12°59'S, 38°31'W }, M. Berol leg. [ RMNH]; Mato Grosso State: 1 ♂, Barra do Tapirape {14°51'S, 57°45'W , 187 m}, xii 1965, B. Malkin leg. [ RMNH]; PERU, Madre De Dios Dep. : 1 ♂, Manu, Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza, Radial II, saw grass bog {11°55'S, 71°15'W , 250 m), 17 ix 1989, J. Gelhaus [ USNM]; 1 ♀ (he), Explorer's Inn on Río Tambopata , 39 km SW Puerto Maldonado, main trail (12°50'18''S, 69°17'59''W, 300 m) , 21 vii 2002, DRP & N. Smith leg. [ DRP]; 3 ♂, Pakitza, Reserved Zone , Parque Nacional Manu, T 2 to R2 to T1 to base camp (11°55'48''S, 71°15'18''W, 250 m) , 17 ix 1989, J.A. Louton leg. [ USNM] .

Lectotype designation for Metaleptobasis diceras . To establish the correct application of the name I examined the male and female syntypes from IRSNB, and in order to preserve stability of nomenclature and ensure a consistent application of the name, I hereby designate the male syntype illustrated here ( Figs. 1f i ; 3f i ; 4f i ; 5f i ; 6a i ; 8f i ) as lectotype of Metaleptobasis diceras to act as the unique name-bearing type of this taxon. Original type labels accompanying lectotype are as follows (handwriting in italics): [Pará] [ Bates ]. Thorax is pinned, head and S4-6 are glued to a card, and S1–3 placed inside a small vial. Additional labels accompanying the specimens include: [Syntype / Leptobasis diceras Selys /1877 ♂] [Desseiné par /Santos 2–x–1964] [Lectotype /designated 10/2012 /by N. von Ellenrieder].

Characterization. Head. Labrum mostly pale; extension of black on dorsum of head limited; postocular lobes slightly angled ( Fig. 1f ); eyes in life green dorsally and brown ventrally ( Fig. 13b ). Thorax. Pronotum anterior lobe ( Figs. 4f ; 5f ) smooth; anterior area of propleuron with a sub-vertical crest (l.c.), prominent and denticulated (in all examined specimens from Trinidad, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, lectotype and paralectotype from Pará, Brazil, and some specimens from Peru) to low and smooth with denticulation restricted to ventral portion of crest to absent (in remaining specimens from Brazil and Peru); propleuron with a sub-vertical crest parallel and posterior to the denticulated crest (l.c.); anterior and middle lobes of pronotum separated dorso-laterally by a groove (g.); anterior margin of middle lobe of pronotum smooth; pronotum posterior lobe in males and andromorphic females trilobed, with median lobe with a short conical dorsal prominence, and in heteromorphic females bilobed or trilobed with median lobe directed dorsally with margin sinuous antero-dorsally, lateral lobes shorter than medial lobe; mesanepisternal horns with bases adjacent ( Fig. 4f ); in males and andromorphic females ( Figs. 4f i – iii; ix; 5f i–v; x) horns as long as about 1.5 times mesostigmal plate width, of medium thickness, slightly compressed antero-posteriorly, directed antero-dorsally at an angle of about 45° with dorsum, with tips rounded, in heteromorphic females ( Figs. 4f iv–viii; 5f vi–ix) horns limited to transverse bases with antero-lateral free portion short or absent; mid-dorsal dark stripe as wide as about 0.25 of mesanepisterna, with sides about straight, slightly widening posteriorly ( Fig. 3f ); Pt sub-rectangular, with anterior and posterior sides longer than distal side ( Fig. 6a ). Abdomen. Male genital lobe short, less than 0.50 of anterior hamule height, smoothly curved ( Fig. 8f ); male posterior hamule digit-like and small, with at most only tip surpassing ventral margin of genital fossa in lateral view; curvature of basal segment of genital ligula marked by a slight concave depression; genital ligula distal segment pear-shaped, distinctly widened sub-apically, apex with a shallow u- or v-shaped incision, with a narrow ectal fold (e.f., Fig. 8f ); posterior margin of female S8 sternum smooth, lacking any denticles, spines, or processes, distal end of ovipositor reaching apex of cercus to slightly longer than cercus ( Fig. 9f ); medial portion of male S10 posterodorsal margin ( Figs. 10f ; 11f ; 12f ) projected posteriorly, with a longitudinal slit, and dorsal prominence curved surrounding slit, with margins thickened and apressed; male cercus cylindrical at base, then depressed dorsoventrally, in dorsal view ( Fig. 10f ) curved medially gradually forming an arch of about uniform width, slightly widened sub-apically and then constricted proximally to apex; cercus tip rounded in dorsal view ( Fig. 10f ), with a small point directed ventrally on medial end ( Figs. 11f ; 12f ); ratio of male cercus length to S10 maximum length in lateral view 1.3–1.5; ratio of male cercus length to paraproct length in lateral view 0.60–0.70; male paraproct in lateral view ( Fig. 12f ) with sides about parallel along medial third and slightly widened at sub-quadrate tip; tip with a transverse subapical ridge on medial surface ending on a ventral bicuspidate apical tooth directed medially ( Figs. 10f ; 11f ).

Dimensions. Males (n 10): Hw 20.9 ± 0.5 [19.8–21.4]; abdomen 36.2 ± 0.8 [35–37.8]; total length 43.7 ± 1 [41.9–45.1]. Females (n 10): Hw 22.2 ± 0.7 [21.2–23.5]; abdomen 35.9 ± 0.6 [35–36.8]; total length 43.5 ± 0.5 [42.9–44.2].

Diagnosis. Metaleptobasis diceras shares head dorsum with black pattern limited to isolated stripes, base of mesanepisternal horns adjacent, and presence of two sub-vertical crests on anterior portion of propleuron with M. lillianae , M. longicauda , M. silvicola , and M. truncata . In M. diceras and M. lillianae the anterior crest originates as a continuation of a longitudinal latero-ventral crest on propleuron extending dorsally, separated from anterior margin of anterior lobe of pronotum, while in M. longicauda , M. silvicola , and M. truncata it originates as a ventral extension of anterior margin of anterior lobe of pronotum. Metaleptobasis diceras differs from all of them by genital ligula distal segment pear-shaped in ventral view ( Fig. 8f ; vs. subrectangular, Figs. 8p–q , aa, ad), and further from M. lillianae by distal free portion of horns directed anterodorsally or reduced ( Figs. 4f ; 5f ; directed laterally in M. lillianae , Figs. 4p ; 5p ), pterothoracic mid-dorsal stripe about as wide as 0.25 of mesepisterna ( Fig. 3f ; vs. about as wide as 0.33 in M. lillianae , Fig. 3p ), and by male cercus in dorsal view curved medially and slightly widened sub-apically ( Fig. 10f ; about straight and narrowing to tip in M. lillianae , Fig. 10p ). It can be further distinguished from M. longicauda , M. silvicola , and M. truncata by anterior and middle lobes of pronotum separated dorso-laterally by a groove (g., Fig. 5f ), vs. separated by a narrow fissure (f., Figs. 5q , aa, ad); from M. longicauda and M. truncata by its rectangular Pt, with anterior and posterior sides clearly longer than distal side ( Fig. 6a ), and by its male cercus tip depressed dorso-ventrally ( Fig. 12f ; in M. longicauda and M. truncata Pt is trapezoidal, with anterior side shorter than distal side, and male cercus tip is sub-cylindrical, Figs. 6b, c ; 12q , ad), and from M. silvicola by mesanepisternal horns of males and andromorphic females about as long as 1.5 times the width of a mesostigmal plate ( Fig. 5f ; vs. about twice as long the width of mesostigmal plate, Fig. 5 aa), pterothoracic mid-dorsal stripe about as wide as 0.25 of mesepisterna ( Fig. 3f ; vs. about as wide as 0.16, Fig. 3 aa), male cercus slightly widened sub-apically and constricted in dorsal view, and tip of male paraproct with ventral bicuspidate tooth pointed medially and with an inner transverse sub-apical ridge ( Figs. 10f ; 11f ; vs. male cercus of uniform width sub-apically in dorsal view, and tip of male paraproct with a single triangular medio-ventral tooth and with two sub-apical ridges, Figs. 10 aa; 11aa).

Andromorphic females (about 15%), share with males the trilobed pronotal posterior lobe ( Fig. 4f ix) and mesanepisternal horns as long as about 1.5 times mesostigmal plate width, of medium thickness, slightly compressed antero-posteriorly, directed antero-dorsally at an angle of about 45° with dorsum, with tips rounded ( Fig. 5f x ). Heteromorphic females (about 75%) differ from males in morphology of both pronotal posterior lobe (bilobed or trilobed with margin sinuous antero-dorsally and posterior margin of median lobe directed dorsally; Figs. 4f iv–viii), and mesanepisternal horns (limited to their transverse bases with antero-lateral free portion short to absent; 5f vi–ix).

Remarks. Calvert (1909: 197–198) described the distal abdominal segments of a male, missing from Selys’s syntype male, from Bahia in Brazil as those of M. diceras . His illustrations of the mesanepisternal horns agree with those of a Metaleptobasis , but the description and illustrations of the male caudal appendages do not fit within those of any known species in the genus, and match those of Telagrion longum instead. The specimen is deposited at the Museum of Comparative Zoology and unfortunately was not available for loan as per Museum’s policy. During his visit to this institution, F. Palacino-Rodriguez kindly examined the specimen at my request and observed (Palacino-Rodriguez in litt.): ‘the abdomen is joined to the rest of the body by a thin piece of wood and the last four segments are different in coloration from the remainder of the abdomen, light brown whereas the remainder of the abdomen is red dorsally. It is evident that S8–10 have been glued to the rest because they are not aligned with the remainder of the abdomen and there are traces of glue.’ I believe that this exemplar represents a chimera, with the abdomen of a specimen of Telagrion longum mistakenly attached to the torso of a Metaleptobasis specimen. Calvert did not provide descriptive notes of the head and thorax of this specimen other than mentioning the width of the pterothoracic mid-dorsal dark stripe, and without direct examination I am unable to determine the identity of that portion of the chimera. However, if Calvert’s drawings of the horns are accurate, it does not correspond to M. diceras because it shows horn bases as separated (1909: Pl. VI, fig. 106), and in M. diceras horn bases are adjacent ( Fig. 4f ), and the torso of this specimen could possibly correspond to M. selysi instead.

Williamson (1915) expressed doubts about the name association made by Calvert (1909) for the specimen from Bahia as M. diceras . However, based on some minor differences of the color of the head and the proportions of the quadrangle between a series of males he collected in Trinidad with Selys’s description of Leptobasis diceras , he considered his species to be different and described it as a new species, M. manicaria . After examining large series of specimens I established that the color of the paler areas of the head of M. diceras can be variable depending on age and preservation, ranging from pale brown to blue or dark brown, and that the proportions of the male quadrangle of the male syntype of M. diceras noted by Selys were in error and actually match the measurements of Williamson (ratio of anterior side of quadrangle to posterior side in the lectotype is 0.42 in FW and 0.66 in HW). My examination and comparison of the male types of M. diceras and M. manicaria allows me to conclude that they are conspecific, sharing all diagnostic characters of head, thorax, and genital ligula, and therefore I consider M. manicaria to be a junior subjective synonym of M. diceras .

Rácenis (1955) described the female of M. manicaria based on specimens from Jotacuaro, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela, which he identified by comparing associated males with paratypes of M. manicaria . Even though in his key for females he states that the mesanepisternal horns are ‘separated at base’, in the description he mentions that they are as in the male and his illustration also seems to indicate that their bases are adjacent. In the same publication he described M. fernandezi , based on a single female collected together with the M. manicaria series. I believe that Rácenis (1955) described the andromorphic female of M. diceras as the female of M. manicaria , and the heteromorphic female of the same species, already described by Geijskes (1932) as M. manicaria , as M. fernandezi . Comparison of the paralectotype female of M. diceras , also a dimorphic female, with the holotype of M. fernandezi , confirms that they correspond to the same species, and I consider M. fernandezi a junior subjective synonym of M. diceras .

Based on Calvert’s (1909) description of a chimera including the abdomen of a male Telagrion longum as representing a complete male of M. diceras, Lencioni (2006) transferred Leptobasis diceras to Telagrion . Selys’s (1877) Leptobasis diceras , described based on an incomplete male and a complete female from ‘Para’, Brazil, is with no doubts a Metaleptobasis , since both lectotype male and paralectotype female show the diagnostic characters of this genus, including an angulate frons (rounded in Telagrion ), no pale postocular spots (present in Telagrion ), pterothorax pale orange with dark color limited to a mid-dorsal dark stripe with metallic reflections (olive green-blue lacking metallic reflections in Telagrion ), vein descending from quadrangle forming an unbroken line to wing margin (broken in Telagrion ), Fw CuA extending for ten or more cells (for less than nine in Telagrion ), and male genital ligula lacking a well developed inner fold (with a well developed inner fold in Telagrion ). Examination of further specimens from Pará State in Brazil and elsewhere allowed me to associate numerous complete males matching all diagnostic characters of the incomplete lectotype male, leaving no doubts about the male appendages illustrated by Calvert (1909) as those of M. diceras representing a misidentification.

Habitat. Forest near rivers, small streams, swamps, small pools, and bogs.

Distribution. Trinidad and Venezuela south to N Brazil and E Peru ( Fig. 14d).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Head, dorsal view. (a) i. M. amazonica, male lectotype; (a) ii. M. amazonica, female paralectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, male, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) ii. M. bicornis, male, French Guiana, N of Cayenne; (b) iii. M. bicornis, female, Surinam, Commewetane; (c) i. M. bovilla, male, Costa Rica, La Selva; (c) ii. M. bovilla, female, same data; (d) i. M. brevicauda, male holotype; (d) ii. M. brevicauda, female paratype, Peru, Tingo María; (e) i. M. brysonima, male, paratype of M. incisula, Venezuela, Marawaka; (e) ii. M. brysonima, female, paratype of M. incisula, same data; (e) iii. M. brysonima, female, holotype of M. weibezahni; (e) iv. M. brysonima, female, holotype of M. tetragena; (f) i. M. diceras, male lectotype; (f) ii. M. diceras, male, Brazil, Abuna; (f) iii. M. diceras, female paralectotype; (f) iv. M. diceras, female, holotype of M. fernandezi; (f) iv. M. diceras, female, Venezuela, no locality; (f) v. M. diceras, female, Brazil, Abuna; (g) i. M. falcifera, male holotype; (g) ii. M. falcifera, female paratype, Peru, Pakitza; (h) i. M. foreli, male, Colombia, Puerto Berrio; (h) ii. M. foreli, male, paratype of M. westfalli, Panama, No. 5 on Standley, 22 vii 1950, FSCA; (h) iii. M. foreli, female, same data.

FIGURE 3. Pterothorax, dorsal view. (a) i. M. amazonica, male lectotype; (a) ii. M. amazonica, female paralectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, male, French Guiana, N of Cayenne; (b) ii. M. bicornis, male, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) iii. M. bicornis, female, Surinam, Moengotapoe; (b) iv. M. bicornis, female, Surinam, Commewetane; (c) i. M. bovilla, male, Costa Rica, La Selva; (c) ii. M. bovilla, female, same data; (d) i. M. brevicauda, male holotype; (d) ii. M. brevicauda, female paratype, Peru, Tingo María; (e) i. M. brysonima, male, paratype of M. incisula, Venezuela, Marawaka; (e) ii. M. brysonima, female, paratype of M. incisula, same data.

FIGURE 4. Prothorax and anterior portion of pterothorax, dorsal view. (a) i. M. amazonica, male lectotype; (a) ii. M. amazonica, male paralectotype; (a) iii. M. amazonica, female paralectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, male, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) ii. M. bicornis, male, Brazil, Paranapuebas; (b) iii. M. bicornis, male, French Guiana, N of Cayenne; (b) iv. M. bicornis, male, Guyana, Potaro; (b) v. M. bicornis, male, Trinidad, Cumuto; (b) vi. M. bicornis, female holotype. o.c.: oblique crest; cr.: crest; e-l.: ear-lobe; l-v. p.: latero-ventral projection; p.l.: postero-lateral projection; t.: tubercle.

FIGURE 5. Prothorax and anterior portion of pterothorax, lateral view. (a) i. M. amazonica, male lectotype; (a) ii. M. amazonica, female paralectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, male, Trinidad, Cumuto; (b) ii. M. bicornis, male, Guyana, Potaro; (b) iii. M. bicornis, male, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) iv. M. bicornis, male, French Guiana, N of Cayenne; (b) v. M. bicornis, male, Brazil, Paraupebas; (b) vi. M. bicornis, female, Surinam, Langamankondre; (b) vii. M. bicornis, female, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) viii. M. bicornis, female, Surinam, Gansee; (b) ix. M. bicornis, female, Surinam, Commetewane; (b) x. M. bicornis, female, French Guiana, N of Cayenne. c.: c-shaped crest; e-l.: ear-lobe; l-v.p.: latero-ventral margin projection; p.l.: postero-lateral projection; t.: tubercle.

FIGURE 6. Wings. (a) i. M. diceras, male lectotype; (a) ii. Metaleptobasis diceras, detail male Fw Pt, paratype M. manicaria, Trinidad, Cumuto; (a) iii. Metaleptobasis diceras, detail male Hw Pt, same specimen; (b) i. M. longicauda, detail male Fw Pt, holotype; (b) ii. M. longicauda, detail male Hw Pt, holotype; (b) iii. M. longicauda, detail female Fw Pt, paratype; (b) iv. M. longicauda, detail female Hw Pt, paratype; (c) i. M. truncata, detail male Fw Pt, holotype; (b) ii. M. truncata, detail male Hw Pt, holotype. v.q.: vein descending from quadrangle.

FIGURE 8. Genital ligula, lateral view (above) and ventral view (below). (a) M. amazonica, lectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) ii. M. bicornis, French Guiana, N of Cayenne; (c) i. M. bovilla, Costa Rica, La Selva; (c) ii. M. bovilla, same data; (d) M. brevicauda, holotype; (e) i. M. brysonima, paratype of M. incisula, Venezuela, Marawaka; (e) ii. M. brysonima, Peru, Tambopata; (e) iii. M. brysonima, Brazil, Abuna; (f) i. M. diceras, lectotype; (f) ii. M. diceras, Brazil, Abuna; (f) iii. M. diceras, Peru, Manu. e.f.: ectal fold; pr.: prominent protuberance; s.d.: slight depression; t.: terminal fold.

FIGURE 9. Female S8–10, lateral view unless indicated otherwise. (a) M. amazonica, paralectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, Surinam, Commetewane; (b) ii. M. bicornis, Brazil, Belem; (c) M. bovilla, Costa Rica, Puerto Viejo; (d) M. brevicauda, paratype, Peru, Tingo María; (e) i. M. brysonima, paratype of M. incisula, Venezuela, Marawaka; (e) ii. M. brysonima, holotype of M. weibezahni; (e) iii. M. brysonima, holotype of M. tetragena; (f) i. M. diceras, paralectotype; (f) ii. M. diceras, Brazil, Abuna; (f) iii. M. diceras, Guyana, Kamana; (f) iv. M. diceras, Venezuela; (f) v. M. diceras, Trinidad, N of Sangre Grande; (g) i. M. falcifera, paratype, Peru, Explorer’s Inn, ventral view on right.

FIGURE 10. Male S10, dorsal view. (a) M. amazonica, lectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, Brazil, Paraupebas; (b) ii. M. bicornis, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) iii. M. bicornis, Guyana, Kumu River; (b) iv. M. bicornis, French Guiana, N of Cayenne; (b) v. M. bicornis, Trinidad, E of Valencia; (c) M. bovilla, Costa Rica, La Selva; (d) i. M. brevicauda, holotype; (e) M. brysonima, Venezuela, Río Baria; (f) i. M. diceras, Brazil, Paraupebas; (f) ii. M. diceras, Brazil, Abuna; (f) iii. M. diceras, Peru, Pakitza; (f) iv. M. diceras, Peru, Pakitza; (f) v. M. diceras, Trinidad, Cumuto, paratype of M. manicaria; (f) vi. M. diceras, Trinidad, Cumuto, paratype of M. manicaria; (g) M. falcifera, holotype; (h) i. M. foreli, Colombia, Fundación; (h) ii. M. foreli, paratype M. westfalli, Panama, Barro Colorado # 54; (i) i. M. furcifera, holotype; (i) ii. M. furcifera, paratype, Peru, Río Seco. b.t.: bicuspidate tooth; r.: ridge.

FIGURE 11. Male S10, medio-dorsal view. (a) M. amazonica, lectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) ii. M. bicornis, Guyana, Potaro; (b) iii. M. bicornis, French Guiana, N of Cayenne; (b) iv. M. bicornis, Trinidad, E of Valencia; (c) M. bovilla, Costa Rica, La Selva; (d) M. brevicauda, holotype; (e) i. M. brysonima, Venezuela, Río Baria; (e) ii. M. brysonima, Peru, Tambopata; (e) iii. M. brysonima, Brazil, Abuna; (f) i. M. diceras, Brazil, Abuna; (f) ii. M. diceras, Trinidad, Cumuto, paratype of M. manicaria; (f) iii. M. diceras, Trinidad, E of Valencia; (g) M. falcifera, holotype; (h) M. foreli, Colombia, Fundación; (i) i. M. furcifera, paratype, Peru, Río Seco; (i) ii. M. furcifera, paratype, Peru, Río Seco; (j) M. gabrielae, holotype; (k) M. gibbosa, Ecuador, Copales; (l) M. guillermoi, holotype. b.t.: bicuspidate tooth; p-m.p.: postero-medial projection; pr.: prominence; r.: ridge; s.t.: single tooth; te.: teeth.

FIGURE 12. Male S10, lateral view. (a) M. amazonica, lectotype; (b) i. M. bicornis, Surinam, Kabalebo; (b) ii. M. bicornis, French Guiana, N of Cayenne; (c) M. bovilla, Costa Rica, La Selva; (d) M. brevicauda, holotype; (e) i M. brysonima, paratype of M. incisula, Venezuela, Marawaka; (e) ii M. brysonima, Venezuela, Río Baria; (f) i. M. diceras, Brazil, Paraupebas; (f) ii. M. diceras, Brazil, Abuna; (f) iii. M. diceras, Peru, Pakitza; (f) iv. M. diceras, Trinidad, Cumuto, paratype of M. manicaria; (g) M. falcifera, holotype; (h) i. M. foreli, Colombia, Fundación; (h) ii. M. foreli, paratype M. westfalli, Panama, Barro Colorado # 54; (i) i. M. furcifera, holotype; (i) ii. M. furcifera, paratype, Peru, Río Seco; (j) M. gabrielae, holotype; (k) M. gibbosa, paratype [FSCA], Ecuador, Copales; (l) M. guillermoi, holotype. sw.: swelling.

FIGURE 13. Adults of Metaleptobasis. (a) i. M. brysonima, male, Peru, Madre de Dios, Main Trail, Explorer's Inn, 12 vii 2002, by DRP; (a) ii. M. brysonima, female, same data but, 23 vii 2002, by N. Smith; (a) iii. M. brysonima, male, same data but, 30 vii 2002, by DRP; (b) M. diceras, female, Peru, Madre de Dios, Main Trail, Explorer's Inn, 21 vii 2002, by DRP; (c) M. falcifera, male, Peru, Madre de Dios, Katicocha Trail, Explorer's Inn, 9 vii 2002, by DRP. ♀ ♂