Physiphora alceae Preyssler, 1791
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.175367 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6243312 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1A829-2C38-B515-09A1-84B1FC5EDC53 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Physiphora alceae Preyssler, 1791 |
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Physiphora alceae Preyssler, 1791 View in CoL ( Figs 1–9 View FIGURES 1 – 5 View FIGURES 6 – 9 )
Musca alceae Preyssler, 1791: 129 .
Physiphora alceae: Rozkošný, Chvála & Pont, 1982: 353 View in CoL ; Zuska, 1997: 70; Kameneva, 2000: 156; 2001: 156; Kameneva & Greve, 2004.
Musca demandata Fabricius, 1798: 564 .
Tephritis demandata Fabricius, 1805: 324 .
Ulidia demandata: Meigen, 1826: 386 ; Macquart, 1835: 504.
Chloria demandata: Schiner, 1864: 386 .
Chrysomyza demandata: Becker, 1905: 106 ; Hendel, 1910: 617; 1913b: 217; Séguy, 1934: 84.
Physiphora demandata: Hennig, 1940: 11 View in CoL ; Steyskal, 1977: 167; 1980: 576; Zaitzev, 1984: 60; Evenhuis, 1989: 481.
Chrysomyza splendida Fallén, 1817: 4 View in CoL .
Ulidia bicolor Schiner, 1864: 86 ; Séguy, 1934: 84; Zaitzev, 1984: 60; attributed to Macquart, 1835: 504 (Macquart’s “U. bicolore” was used clearly as a vernacular French name of Ulidia demandata ; consequently mentioned “ U. bicolor Macquart”, always as a synonym of demandata , is unavailable).
Ulidia smaragdi Walker, 1849: 1059 .
Diagnosis. Similar to P. longicornis in having cell r4+5 narrowly opened, fore leg with basitarsomere mostly whitish yellow, scutum and scutellum with green to blue sheen, but differing by head redbrown, the sheen of scutum and scutellum more bluish than green, aculeus about 8.6 times as long as wide at base.
Description. Head. Frons redbrown, subshiny, with two tomentose areas adjacent to each eye margins; slightly wider than eye, 1.1 times as long as wide, almost parallelsided. Ocellar triangle and vertical plates usually black; vertical plates bare and subshiny. Ventral half of median facial plate and clypeus brown to darkbrown; dorsal half of median facial plate and antennal groove gray microtrichose; median facial plate slightly wider than antennal groove. Parafacial and gena brown, gena about 1/3 as high as eye. Occiput black, with brown area behind ocellar triangle. Mouthparts black. Antenna redbrown, 1st flagellomere rounded apically, 1.5–2.0 times as long as wide; arista bare ( Figs. 1–2 View FIGURES 1 – 5 ).
Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown to black with goldengreen sheen, without mictotrichose areas. All setae and setulae darkbrown.
Wing. Completely hyaline, posteroapical extension of cell cup long, about 3.0 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA2, Cell r4+5 narrowly opened ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1 – 5 ).
Legs. All coxae, femora and tibiae brown to black; foreleg basitarsomere mostly whitish yellow, blackbrown at very apex, other tarsomeres dark brown; mid and hind tarsi yellow to yellowbrown.
Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites brown or blackbrown, sometimes with purple or blue reflection, tergite 2 with black setulae only. Male terminalia: sternite 8 brown to black; epandrium dark brown ( Figs. 6– 7 View FIGURES 6 – 9 ); subepandrial sclerite setulose ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 6 – 9 : x), with 2 somewhat thickened setae at posteroventral margin; proctiger ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 6 – 9 : c) with paired nipplelike ventral projections, each with short sensilla on apex; glans as on Fig. 8 View FIGURES 6 – 9 , basalmost spine not longer than phallus width at apex; ejaculatory apodeme ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 6 – 9 ) wide fanlike. Female: aculeus 8.6 times as long as wide at base, cercal unit with 1 pair basal dorsal setae 1.5 times and pair of subapical lateroventral setae twice as long as cercal unit width ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1 – 5 ); 3 spherical spermathecae ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 1 – 5 ).
Measurements: Wing length: 3.5 mm. Body length: 6.0 mm.
Abbreviations: C = proctiger (cerci); X = subepandrial sclerite (decasternum).
Material examined: China: Xinjiang: 10Ψ, 3ɗ: Tulufan, 20–140m, 8.VI.1956 (Wang Guang) ( IZCAS); Xinjiang: 3Ψ, 7ɗ: Ku Er Le, 1000–1020m, 13. VIII.1958 (Li Changqing) ( IZCAS); Xinjiang: 2Ψ, 3ɗ: A ke Su, 1210–1240m, 31. VIII.1958 (Li Changqing) ( IZCAS); Beijing: 3Ψ, 4ɗ: Da Xing, 16. VIII.1970 (no collector) ( IZCAS); Jiangsu: 1ɗ: Xu Zhou, VI.1960 (no collector) ( IZCAS). Japan: 1ɗ: "[TaisyakuKyou], Jinsekicho, Hiroshima Pref., Honshu", 18.VII.1995 (Sueyoshi) ( BKUF).
Biology: Larvae apparently associated with various dead plant matters and also with dung ( Hennig, 1940).
Distribution: China (new records from Xinjiang, Beijing, Jiangsu); Japan; Europe, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, India, Pakistan, south of Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Australia, North and South America.
Physiphora clausa ( Macquart, 1843) View in CoL ( Figs 10–19 View FIGURES 10 – 14 View FIGURES 15 – 19 )
Musca aenea Fabricius, 1794: 335 , unavailable name (junior primary homonym of Musca aenea Scopoli, 1763 ). Ulidia aenea: Wiedemann, 1830: 167 .
Chrysomyza aenea: Hendel, 1913a: 35 ; 1913b: 218. Physiphora aenea: Steyskal, 1977: 167 View in CoL .
Ulidia clausa Macquart, 1843: 251 .
Physiphora clausa: Steyskal, 1980: 576 View in CoL ; Evenhuis, 1989: 481; Kameneva, 2001: 156. Ulidia melanopsis Walker, 1849:1058 .
Ulidia divergens Walker, 1852:397 .
Ulidia fulviceps Walker, 1858:227 .
Diagnosis. Similar to P. hainanensis Chen , n. sp. in vein M and vein R4+5 forming petiolate at wing tip, head yellowbrown, and scutellum with whitish microtrichose beneath, but differing by the thorax and abdomen with goldengreen and goldenred sheen, and by spemathecae spherical.
Description. Head. Frons yellowbrown to redbrown, subshiny, with two tomentose areas adjacent to eye margins; 1.2 times as long as wide, almost as wide as eye and parallelsided. Ocellar triangle and vertical plates usually black; vertical plates bare and subshiny. Ventral half of median facial plate and clypeus brown to darkbrown, dorsal half of median facial plate and antennal groove gray microtrichose, median facial plate slightly wider than antennal groove. Parafacial and gena brown, gena about 1/3 as high as eye. Occiput black, with brown area behind ocellar triangle and narrow tomentose areas adjacent to eye margins. Mouthparts black. Antenna redbrown, 1st flagellomere rounded apically, 1.5–2.0 times as long as wide; arista bare ( Figs 10–11 View FIGURES 10 – 14 ).
Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown to black, usually with different sheen: scutum goldengreen and scutellum goldenred. Scutellum with gray microtrichose beneath. All setae and setulae darkbrown.
Wing. Completely hyaline, posteroapical extension of cell cup long, about 2.0 times as long as transverse section of vein CuA2, cell r4+5 completely closed, forming petiolate at wing tip ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 10 – 14 ).
Legs. Yellowbrown except fore leg with basitarsomere pale yellow and other tarsomeres black brown, tarsi dark brown.
Abdomen. Both tergites and sternites brown or blackbrown, with green, redgolden, purple or blue reflection; abdominal tergite 2 yellowish white setulose on sides. Male postabdomen ( Figs. 15–19 View FIGURES 15 – 19 ) yellow, otherwise as described for P. a l c e a e. Female terminalia: aculeus 6.5–8 times as long as wide at base, similar to that of P. alceae ( Fig.14 View FIGURES 10 – 14 ); 3 spherical spermathecae ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 10 – 14 ).
Measurements: Wing length: 3.8–4.2 mm. Body length 4.0–6.0 mm.
Material examined. Type: Syntypes M. aenea : 2 specimens [sex? — heads and abdomens entirely destroyed]: “ aenea ” [Fabricius handwriting] ( ZMUC: Kiel collection). Syntype U. clausa : 1Ψ U. clausa : Indonesia: “M. h. Java” [blackframed gray paper handwritten label (“Bosc’s style”)], “526”, “ Ulidia / clausa ” [Macquart’s handwriting], “Museum Paris / Coll. Bosc 1828” [printed] ( MNHNP).
Nontype: China: Taiwan: 2ɗ, 2Ψ: “Chaipin”, VII.1912; 1ɗ, 2Ψ: “Pilam”, VII.1912; 7ɗ, 2Ψ: “Tainan” VII–XI.1912; 2ɗ, 4Ψ: “Anping”, V.1912 (Sauter) ( DEI), 1Ψ: same locality, V.1910; 3Ψ: “Takao”, 27.VI.1907 (Sauter) ( ZMHB); Yunnan: 1Ψ: Mangshi, 1000m, 4.VI.1956 (Huang Tianrong); 1ɗ: 900m, 1955. V. 16 (Wu Le & Bu Xike) ( IZCAS); 1Ψ,4ɗ: Menga, Xishuangbanna, 1050–1080 m, 5.VII.1958 (Chen Zhizi); 1ɗ, 5Ψ: same locality, 14.X.1958; 7Ψ,12ɗ: same locality, 15.X.1958 (no collector) ( IZCAS); Hainan: 1Ψ,1ɗ, Bao Ting, 80 m, 17.V.1960 (Li Suofu); 2Ψ,4ɗ, Bao Ting, 80 m, 26.VII.1960 (Zhang Xuezhong); 1ɗ: Wantian, Lingui, 260 m, 30.VI.1963 (Wang Shuyong) ( IZCAS); Guangxi: 1Ψ,2ɗ: Guilin, 25.VIII.1952 (no collector) ( IZCAS). Japan: 15 specimens: “Kuste 92º n. Breite”, IV.1895 (collector unknown) ( DEI); India: 1ɗ: “Calcutta, Indian Museum”, “ Chloria clausa Mcq. ” ( NHMW); Sri Lanka: 5ɗ, 7Ψ: “ Ceylon ” ( DEI); 2ɗ, 1Ψ: “ Ceylon ” (Nietner) ( ZMHB); Vietnam: 1ɗ, 1Ψ: “Kieng Giang, Tho Tu Isl.”, 9–10.IV.1987 (Ponomarenko) ( SIZK); Philippines: 1ɗ, 1Ψ: “Manilla” ( ZMHB); Singapore: 2ɗ: 14.I.1933 ( DEI); Indonesia: 1ɗ: Java, 1922; 1ɗ: “Yelok Ayer, Borneo”, 27.IX.1906; 1Ψ: “Borneo”, 29.VIII.1906 ( ZMHB); 2ɗ: “Java”, “aeneus”, “coll. Winth[em] ( NHMW). Additional 226 specimens from Arabian Peninsula, Africa, Australia and America ( DEI; ZMHB; NHMW; USNM; BMNH and other collections) examined, but not listed here.
Biology. G.S.Steyskal made a remark in his unpublished manuscript as “ P. c l a u s a reared in Thailand from mushroom Pleurotus cystidiosus ” (USNM).
Distribution. China ( Taiwan; new records from Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan); Seychelles to Samoa, Japan and Hawaii to Australia; South Africa; North and South America.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Genus |
Physiphora alceae Preyssler, 1791
Chen, Xiao-Lin & Kameneva, Elena P. 2007 |
Physiphora alceae: Rozkošný, Chvála & Pont, 1982 : 353
Kameneva 2000: 156 |
Zuska 1997: 70 |
Rozkosny 1982: 353 |
Physiphora clausa:
Kameneva 2001: 156 |
Evenhuis 1989: 481 |
Steyskal 1980: 576 |
Walker 1849: 1058 |
Physiphora demandata:
Evenhuis 1989: 481 |
Zaitzev 1984: 60 |
Steyskal 1977: 167 |
Hennig 1940: 11 |
Chrysomyza aenea:
Steyskal 1977: 167 |
Hendel 1913: 35 |
Chrysomyza demandata:
Seguy 1934: 84 |
Hendel 1910: 617 |
Becker 1905: 106 |
Chloria demandata:
Schiner 1864: 386 |
Ulidia bicolor
Zaitzev 1984: 60 |
Seguy 1934: 84 |
Schiner 1864: 86 |
Macquart 1835: 504 |
Ulidia fulviceps
Walker 1858: 227 |
Ulidia divergens
Walker 1852: 397 |
Ulidia smaragdi
Walker 1849: 1059 |
Ulidia clausa
Macquart 1843: 251 |
Ulidia demandata:
Macquart 1835: 504 |
Meigen 1826: 386 |
Chrysomyza splendida Fallén, 1817 : 4
Fallen 1817: 4 |
Tephritis demandata
Fabricius 1805: 324 |
Musca demandata
Fabricius 1798: 564 |
Musca aenea
Wiedemann 1830: 167 |
Fabricius 1794: 335 |