Mycodrosophila (Mycodrosophila) amazonica, Corrêa & Gottschalk & Carvalho-Filho & Mendes & Valente, 2021

Corrêa, Robson Crepes, Gottschalk, Marco Silva, Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Mendes, Mayara Ferreira & Valente, Vera Lúcia Da Silva, 2021, Two new species and a new species group of Mycodrosophila Oldenberg, 1914 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Amazon, Zootaxa 5052 (1), pp. 78-90 : 80-84

Mycodrosophila (Mycodrosophila) amazonica n. sp.

( Figs 1–22 )

Type material. Holotype ♂, code 03-MYCORO, labeled as follow: “Alto Paraíso, RO [= state of Rondônia], 26/X/2– XI/1985, MZ-Polonoroeste” ( MZUSP) . Holotype condition: head stuck to a paper triangle attached to the specimen, aristae and flagellomeres 1 missing, right and left wings removed and set between coverslips attached to the specimen, abdomen dissected, and terminalia sclerites stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen.

Paratypes: (06 ♂, 05 ♀), code: ♂ 02- MYCOPA, ♂ 03- MYCOPA, ♂ 04- MYCOPA, ♂ 06- MYCOPA labeled as follow: “ Belém, PA [= state of Pará], Brasil, Parq. Utinga [ Parque Estadual do Utinga ], Tronco Podre [= rotting fallen log], 27.IX.2016, F.S. Carvalho Filho [collector]”, 1°25’19.4”S, 48°26’25.4”W ( MPEG); ♂ 08- MYCOPA, ♂ 10- MYCOPA, ♀ 12- MYCOPA labeled as follow: “ Tailândia, PA [= state of Pará], Brasil, Área da Agropalma , 10.VII.2017, F.S.Carvalho-Filho [collector]” ( MPEG); ♀ 24- MYCOPA, labeled as follow: “Barreirinhas, PA. [= state of Pará], Rio Tapajós. [= Tapajós River ], Brasil, X–XI. 1970, Exp. Perm. Amaz.” ( MPEG); ♀ 06- MYCORR labeled as follow: “ Brasil Roraima, Pacaraima, 5–8-III-1988, Eq. J.A.Rafael, Armadilha de Shannon [= Shannon trap]” ( INPA); ♀ 07- MYCORR, labeled as follow: “ Brasil Roraima, Pacaraima , 5–8-III-1988, Eq. J.A.Rafael ” ( INPA); ♀ 04-MYCORO, labeled as follow: “Alto Paraíso, RO [= state of Rondônia], 26/X/2– XI/1985, MZ-Polonoroeste” ( MZUSP) .

Paratype condition: ♂ 02- MYCOPA, right arista missing, midlegs missing, left wing removed and mounted between coverslips attached to the specimen, abdomen dissected, and terminalia sclerites stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen; ♂ 03- MYCOPA, aristae missing, abdomen dissected, and terminalia sclerites stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen; ♂ 04- MYCOPA, right arista missing, hindlegs missing, left wing removed and mounted between coverslips attached to the specimen, abdomen dissected, and terminalia sclerites stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen; ♂ 06- MYCOPA, head missing, right wing missing, and left wing removed and mounted between coverslips attached to the specimen; ♂ 08- MYCOPA, aristae missing, left wing removed and mounted between coverslips attached to the specimen, abdomen dissected, and terminalia sclerites stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen; ♂ 10- MYCOPA, head and right wing stuck to a paper triangle attached to the specimen, aristae missing, and legs missing; ♀ 12- MYCOPA, head, forelegs, and wings missing, abdomen dissected, and spermatheca and ovipositor stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen; ♀ 24- MYCOPA, aristae missing, left wing removed and mounted between coverslips attached to the specimen, abdomen dissected, and spermatheca and ovipositor stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen; ♀ 06- MYCORR, aristae missing, fore and hindlegs missing, left wing missing, abdomen dissected, and spermathecae and ovipositor stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen; ♀ 07- MYCORR, left arista missing; ♀ 04- MYCORO, head and right wing stuck to a paper triangle attached to the specimen, aristae missing, hindlegs missing, left wing removed and mounted between coverslips attached to the specimen, abdomen dissected, and spermathecae and ovipositor stored in a microtube with glycerin attached to the specimen.

Etymology. The specific epithet “ amazonica ” alludes to the wide distribution of the new species in the Amazon region.

Diagnosis ( Figs 1–8 ). Combination of the following characteristics: apparently the anterior dorsocentral setae reduced; scutellum shiny; wing apex (region of intersection between C and R 4+5) slightly darkened; abdomen with TII–TIII and TIV–TV with a clear trapezoid-shaped light lateral spot; epandrium with 5–6 upper and 4–6 lateral setae; ventral lobe approximately the same length as the surstylus, glabrous, and presenting 3–4 long setae; surstylus connected to the epandrium, with 11 prensisetae arranged in a line, 4 inner setae and 4 outer setae; phallus tubular and projected anteriorly, 2x narrower in basiphallus than in distiphallus and the narrowed section about 1/2 of the phallus length in lateral view.

Description. Holotype ♂ (Code 03-MYCORO, Figs 1–14 ). Head ( Fig. 1–2 ). Dark brown; eyes reddish and glabrous; facial carina light brown, prominent, “nose-like”; pedicel and scape light brown; flagellomeres 1 missing; arista missing; orbital plates dark brown, lighter behind orbital seta 3 (or3); occiput light brown; orbital setae dark brown; distance between or1 (proclined orbital seta) and or2 (anterior reclined orbital seta) = 0.03 mm, between or1 and or3 (posterior reclined orbital seta) = 0.06 mm, and between or2 and or3 = 0.03 mm; frons light brown, reflecting silver luster throughout; ocellar triangle dark brown, approximately 1/3 as long as the frons; face light brown; genae light; proboscis, labellum and palps light; post-ocellar setae dark brown, long and crossed. Thorax ( Figs 1, 3 and 4 ). Dark brown; scutum shine dark brown, with 8 regular rows of acrostichal setulae; pleura pale yellow, with a dark brown region on the dorsal portion of the proepisternum, anepisternum and anepimeron, forming a confluent band with the coloration of the notum above the wing insertion; only the posterior pair of dorsocentral setae conspicuous, apparently the anterior dorsocentral setae reduced; scutellum dark brown, shiny; basal scutellar setae converging and distal ones missing; legs uniformly pale yellow. Wings ( Figs 1, 7 and 8 ). Hyaline, with a dark spot on the second break of C and extending to the vein M; wing apex (region of intersection between C and R 4+5) slightly darkened; costal lappet dark and developed in the second break of C; vein R 2+3 straight towards C; vein M slightly curved in the direction of R 4+5, close to the intersection with C; bm-cu absent. Halter with dark knob and light stem. Index: C = 1.20; ac = 4.46; hb = 0.63; 4c = 1.65; 4v = 2.2; 5x = 1.72; M = 0.54; prox. x = 0.36. Length 1.55 mm, width 0.69 mm. Abdomen ( Figs 1, 5 and 6 ). Predominately dark; TI light; TII-VI dark, with light lateral margin which extends medially in the anterior and posterior margins of the tergite, being the light area more comprehensive in TII, TIII and TVI; TIV and TV with slight light indentation; sternites and intersegmental membranes light. Body length: 1.20 mm.

Male terminalia ( Figs 9–14 ). Epandrium with equal width and length, microtrichose, with 5–6 upper and 4–6 lateral setae (Epan, Figs 9–10 ); ventral lobe approximately the same length as the surstylus and tapered at its tip, posteriorly curved, glabrous, and presenting 3–4 long setae (V.L.Epan, Figs 9–11 ). Cerci free (not fused to epandrium), microtrichose and with large setae (Cer, Figs 9–11 ). Subepandrial sclerite wide, connecting the surstyli (S.S, Fig. 11 ). Surstylus connected to the epandrium, with 11 prensisetae arranged in a line, 4 inner setae and 4 outer setae (Sur, Figs 9–11 ). Hypandrium arc-shaped, wider than longer, almost the same length as the epandrium (Hypan, Figs 12 and 13 ). Pregonites large, sub-rectangular, partially fused to the hypandrium, with a seta (Preg, Figs 12 and 13 ). Phallus tubular and projected anteriorly, 2x narrower in basiphallus than in distiphallus (sense Grimaldi 1987), the narrowed section about 1/2 of the phallus length in lateral view; with the apical region bifurcated, indented, and bearing rows of tiny setulae its inner margin (Phallus, Figs 12 and 14 ). Phallapodeme flattened laterally and shorter than phallus (Phallap, Fig. 14 ). Ventral rod (sense Bächli et al. 2004) projected anteriorly and merged with the posteromedian margin of the hypandrium ( Figs 12–13 ). Postgonites (connected to the pregonites) elongated and anteriorly curved in lateral view, containing approximately three apical setulae, and with an internal microtrichotic surface (Post and Preg, Figs 12–14 ).

Remarks on male and female paratypes. Some paratypes are different from the holotype in light spots of abdominal tergites, mainly in the lateral portion of TIV and TV and/or the dorsal surface of TV ( Fig. 18 ): eight paratypes (♂ 02-MYCOPA, ♂ 06-MYCOPA, ♂ 08-MYCOPA, ♂ 10-MYCOPA, ♀ 12-MYCOPA, ♀ 24-MYCOPA, ♀ 06-MYCORR, and ♀ 07-MYCORR) with clear dorsal patches on TV.

Three paratypes (♂ 03- MYCOPA, ♂ 04- MYCOPA, and ♀ 07- MYCORR) have the arista with four dorsal and one ventral branches ( Fig. 15 ), one paratype (♂ 02- MYCOPA) has four dorsal and two ventral branches ( Fig. 16 ), but in the other paratypes the aristae are missing .

Three paratypes (♂ 08- MYCOPA, ♂ 10- MYCOPA, and ♀ 06- MYCORR) have a small pair of anterior dorsocentral setae (white arrow, Fig. 17 ) slightly larger than acrostichal setulae .

Female terminalia ( Figs 19–22 ). Tergite VIII microtrichose in the dorsal region; epiproct and hypoproct microtrichose, with 14–16 and 10–12 long setae, respectively; valves of ovipositor long, rounded at the tip in lateral view, posteriorly acute in ventral view; 14–15 marginal peg-like ovisensilla; 1 outer discal ovisensillum; 2 long subapical inner ovisensilla. Spermathecal capsule sclerotized, oval-shaped, bare, with lines near the basal opening; introvert 1/3 to 1/2 of the total length of the capsule.

Measurements (mm): males (n = 6): body length, mean±SD: 1.78±0.268 (range: 1.40–2.11). Distance between orbital setae (n = 5): or1 to or2, 0.03±0.004 (0.02–0.03); or1 to or3, 0.06±0.005 (0.05–0.06); or2 to or3, 0.03±0.004 (0.02–0.03). Females (n = 5): body length, 2.13±0.287 (1.74–2.44). Distance between orbital setae (n = 4): or1 to or2, 0.03±0.005 (0.03–0.04); or1 to or3, 0.06±0.005 (0.06–0.07); or2 to or3, 0.03 (this measurement did not vary among the examined specimens).

Figures

FIGURES 1–8. Holotype (♂03-MYCORO) of Mycodrosophila amazonica n. sp. 1, Habitus (lateral view); 2, head (frontolateral view); 3, thorax (lateral view); 4, thorax (dorsal view); 5, abdomen (dorsal view); 6, abdomen (lateral view); 7–8, wing. Abbreviations: or1, orbital seta 1; or3, orbital seta 3; i vt s, inner vertical seta; poc s, postocellar seta; o vt s, outer vertical seta; vb, vibrissa; acr s, acrostichal setula; p dc s, posterior dorsocentral seta; b sctl s, basal scutellar seta; pprn s, postpronotal seta; npl s, notopleural setae; TII, tergite 2; TIII, tergite 3; TIV, tergite 4; TV, tergite 5; TVI; tergite 6; red arrows, costal breaks.

FIGURES 9–14. Holotype (♂03-MYCORO) of Mycodrosophila amazonica n. sp. Male terminalia: 9, epandrium, surstyli and cerci (posterior view); 10, ditto (postero-lateral view); 11, epandrium, surstyli, cerci and subepandrial sclerite (ventral view); 12, phallus, hypandrium, pregonites and postgonites (ventral view); 13, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view); 14, postgonite, ventral rod, phallus and phallapodeme (lateral view). Abbreviations: Cer, cerci; Epan, epandrium; Sur, surstylus; V.L.Epan, ventral lobe of epandrium; S.S, subepandrial sclerite; Hypan, hypandrium; Preg, pregonite; Post, postgonite; V.R., ventral rod; Phallap, phallapodeme.

FIGURES 15–18. Paratypes of Mycodrosophila amazonica n. sp. 15—head (♀07-MYCORR, antero-lateral view); 16—head (♂02-MYCOPA, lateral view); 17—thorax: white arrow indicating anterior dorsocentral seta; black arrow, posterior dorsocentral seta (♂10-MYCOPA, dorso-lateral view); 18—abdomen (♂02-MYCOPA, dorsal view).

FIGURES 19–22. Paratypes (19–21, ♀12-MYCOPA; 22, ♀04-MYCORO) of Mycodrosophila amazonica n. sp. Female terminalia and spermathecae: 19, tergite VIII, epiproct, hypoproct and oviscapt valves (lateral view); 20, ditto (posterior view); 21–22, spermathecae.Abbreviations: L.O.V., left oviscapt valve; R.O.V., right oviscapt valve; B.C.V., bridge connecting valves; I.C., inner capsule; B.I., basal introvert; S.D., spermathecal duct.